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951.
Labrecque M Rabhi K Laurin C Favreau H Moullec G Lavoie K Julien M 《Canadian respiratory journal》2011,18(5):e77-e81
OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effects of a self-management program on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and morbidity commonly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS:
A total of 57 outpatients with stable COPD received four weeks of self-management education, while 45 patients received usual care. Patients were evaluated at baseline, at three months and one year following the educational intervention. The primary outcome variable was HRQoL measured by the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The secondary outcome variables were number of emergency room visits and hospitalizations for exacerbation.RESULTS:
The intervention group’s HRQoL improved significantly at three months (total score A=−5.0 [P=0.006]) and 12 months (total score A=−6.7 [P<0.001]), as evidenced by decreased scores on the SGRQ. In contrast, the SGRQ scores increased significantly in the control group at three months (total score A=+3.7 [P= 0.022]) and 12 months (total score A=+3.4 [P=0.032]). Global impact appeared to be responsible for the change in the intervention group. Moreover, in the intervention group, the number of hospitalizations dropped from 0.7/person/year to 0.3/person/year (P=0.017), and emergency room visits dropped from 1.1 person/year to 0.2/person/year (P=0.002), while subjects in the control group did not experience any significant decreases in these parameters.CONCLUSIONS:
A planned education program improved HRQoL while decreasing the number of emergency room visits and hospitalizations in patients with stable COPD; this improvement persisted at 12 months. 相似文献952.
Olliaro P Djimdé A Karema C Mårtensson A Ndiaye JL Sirima SB Dorsey G Zwang J 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2011,16(5):551-554
In patients with malaria, parasitaemia is usually estimated by assuming 8000 white cell counts (WCC) per microlitre of blood. In a sample of 3044 African children under 5 years of age with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, parasitaemia estimated using standardised WCC was compared to parasitaemia calculated based on each child's own WCC. The two methods produced comparable results. However, WCC were >8000 in under-fives with an inverse relationship with age, resulting in the standard approximation method significantly underestimating parasitaemia in the youngest age group and overestimating parasitaemia in the oldest age groups. 相似文献
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956.
Thomas A Lenglet S Chaurand P Deglon J Mangin P Mach F Steffens S Wolfender JL Staub C 《Thrombosis and haemostasis》2011,106(1):20-33
The identification and quantification of proteins and lipids is of major importance for the diagnosis, prognosis and understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in disease development. Owing to its selectivity and sensitivity, mass spectrometry has become a key technique in analytical platforms for proteomic and lipidomic investigations. Using this technique, many strategies have been developed based on unbiased or targeted approaches to highlight or monitor molecules of interest from biomatrices. Although these approaches have largely been employed in cancer research, this type of investigation has been met by a growing interest in the field of cardiovascular disorders, potentially leading to the discovery of novel biomarkers and the development of new therapies. In this paper, we will review the different mass spectrometry-based proteomic and lipidomic strategies applied in cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis. Particular attention will be given to recent developments and the role of bioinformatics in data treatment. This review will be of broad interest to the medical community by providing a tutorial of how mass spectrometric strategies can support clinical trials. 相似文献
957.
Journal of Neurology - 相似文献
958.
Bariohay B Roux JA Bonnet MS Dallaporta M Troadec JD 《Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery》2011,6(3):164-180
Obesity is one of the most important and disturbing global epidemic that affects humans, with more than 2 billion people overweight and 700 million obese predicted for 2015 by the World Health Organization. Obesity treatment represents then one of the most exciting challenges for the academic researchers and the pharmaceutical industry. But to date, this community failed to develop safe and effective treatments with a good risk/benefit profile. Indeed, most of the drugs previously used as anti-obesity agents have been withdrawn from the market for safety issues, and therapeutic options in form of a medication are currently very limited. This last decade however, new advances in our understanding of central pathways controlling food intake, body weight and energy homeostasis have led to the discovery of new molecular targets that could provide interesting options in the fight against obesity. This review aims to be an overview of the new patents exploiting the anorexigenic properties of the central catabolic pathways or aimed at blocking the orexigenic effects of the anabolic pathways, in the hope to develop new anti-obesity drugs. 相似文献
959.
Jean-Pierre Furet Ling-Chun Kong Julien Tap Christine Poitou Arnaud Basdevant Jean-Luc Bouillot Denis Mariat Gérard Corthier Jo?l Doré Corneliu Henegar Salwa Rizkalla Karine Clément 《Diabetes》2010,59(12):3049-3057
OBJECTIVE
Obesity alters gut microbiota ecology and associates with low-grade inflammation in humans. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most efficient procedures for the treatment of morbid obesity resulting in drastic weight loss and improvement of metabolic and inflammatory status. We analyzed the impact of RYGB on the modifications of gut microbiota and examined links with adaptations associated with this procedure.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Gut microbiota was profiled from fecal samples by real-time quantitative PCR in 13 lean control subjects and in 30 obese individuals (with seven type 2 diabetics) explored before (M0), 3 months (M3), and 6 months (M6) after RYGB.RESULTS
Four major findings are highlighted: 1) Bacteroides/Prevotella group was lower in obese subjects than in control subjects at M0 and increased at M3. It was negatively correlated with corpulence, but the correlation depended highly on caloric intake; 2) Escherichia coli species increased at M3 and inversely correlated with fat mass and leptin levels independently of changes in food intake; 3) lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococcus group and Bifidobacterium genus decreased at M3; and 4) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species was lower in subjects with diabetes and associated negatively with inflammatory markers at M0 and throughout the follow-up after surgery independently of changes in food intake.CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that components of the dominant gut microbiota rapidly adapt in a starvation-like situation induced by RYGB while the F. prausnitzii species is directly linked to the reduction in low-grade inflammation state in obesity and diabetes independently of calorie intake.Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass accumulation and the development of comorbidities including other metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Even though some but not all environmental factors have been elucidated, the increasing epidemic of obesity appears virtually impossible to control, and the mechanisms associated with fat mass expansion need to be identified. Obesity is considered a low-grade inflammatory disease with adipose tissue contributing to this state via the secretion of molecules capable of altering metabolic homeostasis (1,2). A novel factor identified to play a role in human obesity and associated metabolic risks is the commensal microbiota of the intestine (3).A role for the intestinal microbiota in harvesting energy from food (4) and regulating body fat storage (5) was proposed in rodents. Germ-free mice colonized by microbiota increase their body fat and develop insulin resistance in spite of a 30% decrease in food intake. These changes were associated with a dysbiosis in obese mice: an increased representation of the Firmicutes phylum and a reduced representation of the Bacteroidetes phylum (6). Other studies suggested a contribution of the gut microbiota-produced lipopolysaccharides to inflammation and development of metabolic syndrome (7–9). In humans, increased endotoxemia (circulating lipopolysaccharides) was found to be associated with increased fat consumption (10). In obese patients losing weight throughout low calorie diets, diminished Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes were found trended to that of lean control subjects at the end of the dietary intervention (11). However, modification of the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio observed in obese individuals was not confirmed in other studies (12). No study has clearly explored the association between these bacterial changes and improvement of metabolic or inflammatory phenotypes associated with weight modification over time.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an increasingly effective model to study in this context. RYGB leads to major improvements in metabolic and inflammatory markers (13). This procedure allows for an understanding of the molecular adaptations underlying the observed health benefits and the potential role of calorie restriction in changes in gut microbiota pattern.Our present work analyzed the microbiota profiles in the feces of morbidly obese subjects before and after RYGB. We examined the association between gut microbiota changes and a range of body composition, metabolic, and inflammatory markers. These results provide new insight regarding gut microbiota changes in obese subjects after RYGB and highlight some bacterial groups as possible factors associated with changes in nutritional status and others with metabolic and inflammatory parameters. 相似文献960.
Marie-Line Peyot Emilie Pepin Julien Lamontagne Martin G. Latour Bader Zarrouki Roxane Lussier Marco Pineda Thomas L. Jetton S.R. Murthy Madiraju Erik Joly Marc Prentki 《Diabetes》2010,59(9):2178-2187