规范临床新技术、新项目管理的做法与体会

探讨安徽省立医院规范临床新技术、新项目管理的做法:一是明确新技术、新项目的管理范畴和管理部门;二是抓好申报与管理的三个环节;三是管理与激励并重,实现两个效益稳步增长.并结合三年来的实践谈自身体会.     

Effects of a monoclonal antibody raised against nerve growth factor on skeletal pain and bone healing after fracture of the C57BL/6J mouse femur.

A closed femur fracture pain model was developed in the C57BL/6J mouse. One day after fracture, a monoclonal antibody raised against nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) was delivered intraperitoneally and resulted in a reduction in fracture pain-related behaviors of approximately 50%. Anti-NGF therapy did not interfere with bone healing as assessed by mechanical testing and histomorphometric analysis. INTRODUCTION: Current therapies to treat skeletal fracture pain are limited. This is because of the side effect profile of available analgesics and the scarcity of animal models that can be used to understand the mechanisms that drive this pain. Whereas previous studies have shown that mineralized bone, marrow, and periosteum are innervated by sensory and sympathetic fibers, it is not understood how skeletal pain is generated and maintained even in common conditions such as osteoarthritis, low back pain, or fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we characterized the pain-related behaviors after a closed femur fracture in the C57BL/6J mouse. Additionally, we assessed the effect of a monoclonal antibody that binds to and sequesters nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) on pain-related behaviors and bone healing (mechanical properties and histomorphometric analysis) after fracture. RESULTS: Administration of anti-NGF therapy (10 mg/kg, days 1, 6, and 11 after fracture) resulted in a reduction of fracture pain-related behaviors of approximately 50%. Attenuation of fracture pain was evident as early as 24 h after the initial dosing and remained efficacious throughout the course of fracture pain. Anti-NGF therapy did not modify biomechanical properties of the femur or histomorphometric indices of bone healing. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that therapies that target NGF or its cognate receptor(s) may be effective in attenuating nonmalignant fracture pain without interfering with bone healing.     

数学障碍儿童的工作记忆研究

目的：探讨数学障碍儿童的工作记忆状况。方法：采用智力测睑、成就测验、教师提名、学业成绩相结合的综合标准甑选数学障碍儿童，在长沙市三所小学随机选取4～6年级共12个班，从中抽取24名数学障碍儿童和24名学习正常儿童。采用工作记忆成套测验对2组被试进行评估。结果：数学障碍组除空间排序、空间后退以及数字划销3个分测验外，在工作记忆成套测验其它各分测验及各维度上的成绩均显著低于学习正常组（P〈0．001～0．05）。结论：数学障碍儿童工作记忆存在普遍缺陷。     

Risk factors for surgical site infection in children.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the appropriateness of using the indices developed by the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) project to determine risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in children and, if not appropriate, to explore the factors related to SSI in children so these factors could be used in a risk index for pediatric patients. DESIGN: Cohort study during more than 4 years. SETTING: La Paz University Hospital, a national reference center that serves Health Area 5 of Madrid, Spain, which has approximately 500,000 inhabitants. PATIENTS: Convenience sample consisting of the 3,646 children admitted for surgery who had a postsurgical stay of more than 2 days. RESULTS: A model with 8 predictive factors (degree of surgical contamination; duration of surgery; type of surgery; use of a peripheral venous catheter, central venous catheter, or urinary catheter; number of diagnoses; and SSI exposition time) was created. Its relation to the SSI rate was better than that of the SENIC or NNIS indices. Its sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve were higher than that of the SENIC index. CONCLUSIONS: The model that we created seems to be more adequate for predicting SSI and evaluating pediatric patients' intrinsic risk than the SENIC and NNIS indices.     

5株SARS-CoV部分基因序列比较分析

目的　分析SARS CoV部分结构区的基因序列 ,了解其变异程度。方法　采用套式PCR法扩增各结构区基因 ,对阳性PCR产物进行克隆和测序 ,并对序列进行分析。结果　完成了LC1株病毒的M、N、E和S基因的扩增和克隆 ,对LC2、LC3、LC4和LC5株病毒的M区基因进行了扩增和克隆。序列分析显示各结构基因的核苷酸序列与已报道的 18株序列的同源性在 99%以上。结论SARS CoV的基因序列较保守 ,有利于PCR诊断试剂和预防用疫苗的研制。     

系统性红斑狼疮女性患者血清CA125,CA199化学发光法测定的临床应用

目的 :探讨系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE)女性患者血清肿瘤标志物CA12 5 ,CA199含量变化及临床意义。方法 :用化学发光法测定 30例正常女性和 38例SLE女性患者血清中CA12 5 ,CA199含量。结果 :正常组CA12 5含量为 11.14± 6 .4 8U/ml,CA199含量为 3.75± 2 .89U/ml;SLE组CA12 5 ,CA199分别为 2 2 .5 6± 2 0 .4 6U/ml,9.5 7± 9.34U/ml。SLE患者CA12 5 ,CA199阳性率分别为 2 1.1% ,7.89%。结论 :SLE患者血清CAl2 5 ,CA199含量较正常组增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。CA12 5 ,CA199在SLE女性患者中可出现阳性 ,对临床诊断SLE有一定价值。     

Hyperprolactinemia inhibits natural killer (NK) cell functionin vivo and its bromocriptine treatment not only corrects it but makes it more efficient

We studied NK cell function in eight patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia by measuring⁵¹Cr release by K562 cells exposed to their mononuclear cells and found it decreased compared to normal controls (P<0.01). Bromocriptine (BrC) treatment corrected NK function but also made it more efficient at 12:1 than at 25:1 or 50:1 effector:target ratios (ANOVA;P=0.01). The study of NK cell function in agarose revealed that its decrease in hyperprolactinemia is due to their low active binding to target cells, active killing, and recycling capacity. BrC tended to correct them but also increased recycling capacity to levels higher than those of controls (P<0.05). Sequential studies in three hyperprolactinemic patients before and after BrC showed correction of NK function within 1 week but its increased efficiency at the 12:1 effector:target ratio required 8 weeks. We conclude that hyperprolactinemia decreases NK cell function. BrC corrects this by decreasing prolactin levels but also makes NK function more efficient by increasing the capacity of NK cells to recycle after killing.     

Laboratory investigation: Effects of propofol on the systemic inflammatory response during aortic surgery

PURPOSE: A laboratory investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of propofol on renal function, through modulation of the systemic inflammatory response, in an in vivo experimental model of aortic surgery in comparison with sevoflurane. METHODS: Twenty young male piglets were anesthetized with either propofol 4 mg.kg(-1).hr(-1) (n = 10) or sevoflurane 1.5% end-tidal concentration (n = 10). Animals were subjected to aorta-aortic bypass with suprarenal aortic clamping for 30 min. At specific intervals (basal -before the start of surgery; reperfusion 15 min after unclamping the aorta; at 24, 48 and 72 hr after surgery, and on the seventh day after surgery) the levels of the following were determined: plasma creatinine, renal myeloperoxidase, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-ss, and interferon-gamma; kidney superoxide anion and its detoxifying enzyme superoxidase dismutase, kidney malondialdehyde and the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Seven days after surgery, the animals were anesthetized using the described techniques, and after blood withdrawal and kidney sampling they were sacrificed. RESULTS: In comparison with sevoflurane, propofol was associated with a lower concentration of plasma creatinine (P < 0.05) together with lower concentrations of myeloperoxidase, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-ss, interferon-gamma, superoxide anion and superoxidase dismutase, malondialdehyde and inducible nitric oxide synthase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In an experimental model of aortic reconstructive surgery, and compared with sevoflurane, propofol anesthesia is associated with less neutrophil infiltration, lower plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels, lower production of oxygen free radicals, less lipid peroxidation, and reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. These observations suggest a possible renal protective effect of propofol in this surgical setting.     

碘伏清洗外耳道的效果观察

目的 探讨碘伏清洗外耳道的效果。方法 将耳部疾病患者100例（127耳）随机分为观察组和对照组各50例，观察组采用0．5％碘伏液清洗外耳道，对照组采用3％过氧化氩液清洗外耳道。两组其他操作方法相同。结果 两组治疗效果比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05），但观察组外耳道清洗后耳痛发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 0．5％碘伏液清洗外耳疗效较好，对皮肤黏膜无刺激，可减轻患者痛苦，是比较满意的外耳道洗耳液。     

系统性红斑狼疮患者淋巴细胞亚群早期凋亡的初步研究

目的：检测系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中不同细胞亚群发生凋亡的情况，并初步分析其在SLE发病机制中的意义。方法：取28例SLE患者和性别年龄与之相匹配的20个正常对照者。采用淋巴细胞亚群标志、Annexin-V及碘化丙啶三色荧光标记、流式细胞术检测细胞的早期凋亡。结果：SLE患者体内CD3^ T细胞、CD4^ T细胞和CD8^ T细胞的凋亡百分率均显著高于正常对照组(P＜0．05)。同时，SLE患者T淋巴细胞的死亡百分率也高于正常人。经激素治疗一定时间后，这些细胞亚群的凋亡率会进一步升高(P＜0．01)，但CD4／CD8比值恢复至接近正常人。SLE患考体内CDl9^ B淋巴细胞的凋亡或死亡百分率和正常对照组相比均无明显差别，激素治疗对B细胞凋亡和死亡的影响亦不显著。结论：在SLE患者体内主要是T淋巴细胞凋亡增加，但SLE患者淋巴细胞数目减少不仅仅是因为细胞凋亡所致，死亡细胞数目明显升高也是其中一个重要原因。激素治疗可诱导SLE患者T淋巴细胞进一步发生凋亡，并使T细胞亚群比例有所改善。