重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子乳酸链球菌表达载体的构建

目的:构建重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子乳酸链球菌表达载体,为进一步研究人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子在乳链菌的表达及其治疗价值奠定基础。方法:实验于2005-04/2006-03在南方医科大学南方医院消化病研究所完成。①载体pNCSF的构建:将质粒集落刺激因子及含有P59启动子、USP45蛋白信号肽的pNBC1000质粒分别加入BamH Ⅰ和Pst Ⅰ进行双酶切,并用Apa Ⅰ、Sac Ⅰ进行双酶切鉴定,重组质粒命名为pNCSF。②SDGFP的TA克隆及载体pNCSFGFP的构建:将经过优化适合在乳链菌表达的人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子基因克隆于含有P59启动子、USP45蛋白信号肽的pNBC1000载体,得到重组质粒pNCSF;同时设计上下游引物经PCR扩增增强荧光表达蛋白(EGFP),TA克隆后经测序验证,再连接于pNCSF获得重组质粒pNCSFGFP。③载体pTRCSF、pTRCSFGFP的建立:将获得的pNCSF和pNCSFGFP进一步克隆于穿梭载体pTR1001c,以获得人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子乳链菌表达载体pTRCSF及pTRCSFGFP。结果:①载体pNCSF构建结果:酶切鉴定产物经1.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,发现有(含启动子P59、信号肽USP45、人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子)720bp的目的片段。②SDGFP的TA克隆及载体pNCSFEGFP的构建结果:SDGFP阳性克隆产物经EcoRⅠ酶切鉴定得到775bp目的片段。pNCSFEGFP酶切鉴定产物经1.0%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,发现有(含启动子P59、信号肽USP45、人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、SDGFP)1495bp的目的片段。③穿梭质粒pTRCSF、pTRCSFGFP酶切鉴定结果:经Xba Ⅰ、Sac Ⅰ进行双酶切鉴定,分别得到约717bp、1492bp大小目的片段。结论:获得了人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子乳链菌表达载体pTRCSF及pTRCSFGFP,并经酶切鉴定和测序证实。     

Report: workshop on mediastinal grey zone lymphoma

There are several indications that classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and at least a proportion of cases of Primary Mediastinal B cell Lymphoma (PMBL) are derived from B cells at similar stages of differentiation and share common pathogenic mechanisms. The first indication was the existence of mediastinal grey zone lymphomas as identified in the 4th International Symposium on HL, with clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features intermediate between cHL and PMBL. Second, both tumor types resemble a cell that is developmentally situated in-between the germinal center reaction and a plasma cell. Third, cHL and PMBL were found to have similar gene expression profiles, including the lack of immunoglobulin expression and low levels of B cell receptor signalling molecules, and the secretion of molecules like the chemokine TARC and the prominent expression of IL-13 receptors. Fourth, both entities were found to have common genomic aberrancies, notably in 2p15 and 9p24, the sites of the REL oncogene and the tyrosine kinase gene JAK2, respectively. Further comparison of both lymphoma types may provide further insight in the pathogenic mechanisms and allow the design of diagnostic algorithms to sort out the small number of so-called mediastinal grey zone lymphomas, that appear to be intermediate between PMBL and cHL.     

上海市0～6岁小儿佝偻病的现状调查

目的:了解上海市小儿佝偻病的现状及影响因素。方法:2005年春季以整群和分层随机抽样法抽取上海市部分城区0～6岁小儿821名,采取问卷调查方法了解小儿的生活环境、饮食习惯、户外活动、营养状况、既往疾病史及母亲的妊娠情况等。佝偻病的诊断以1996年国家卫生部颁布的"婴幼儿佝偻病防治方案"为诊断标准。结果:取得完整有效资料769名,其中男童396名,女童373名;集居儿童456名,散居儿童313名。①小儿佝偻病患病率为17.3%(133/769),其中男童患病率为17.4%、女童为17.2%。②佝偻病与喂养方式(母乳喂养的患病率为13.0%、混合喂养的患病率为17.5%、人工喂养的患病率为25.2%)、鱼肝油添加(按时添加维生素D的患病率为13.5%、偶加或未加维生素D的患病率为32.5%)、居住环境(居住在市区的患病率为23.6%、居住在郊区的患病率为10.6%;集居儿童患病率为13.8%、散居儿童患病率为22.4%)、户外活动时间(经常户外活动的患病率为12.9%、偶尔户外活动的患病率为31.8%)、反复呼吸道感染(小儿有反复呼吸道感染的患病率为26.9%、无反复呼吸道感染的患病率为12.9%)、母孕期缺钙(母孕期有缺钙的患病率为33.2%、无缺钙的患病率为12.0%)等因素有关(P<0.01)。结论:上海市小儿佝偻病患病率有上升趋势。影响因素与城市环境污染、母乳喂养减少、年轻父母科学育儿知识缺乏等有关。     

激光治疗瘢痕的特征

目的:介绍国内近20年来激光治疗瘢痕的临床研究概况,以期进一步了解激光治疗瘢痕的新进展。资料来源:应用计算机检索Pubmed和中国生物医学文献数据库1983/2006的相关文章,限定文章语言种类为英文和中文,检索词为“cicatrices(瘢痕),laser(激光)”。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选择临床试验研究文献查找全文。纳入标准:①有明确诊断标准。②随机对照实验或对照试验。有无随访,是否采用盲法不限制。③治疗组干预措施为激光或激光联合药物;对照组干预措施为曲安奈德、冷冻联合曲安奈德或不采用药物措施。排除标准:①非对照研究。②治疗组或对照组的干预措施不符合纳入标准。③机制研究。④重复研究。资料提炼:共收集到相关文献120篇,按上述标准纳入31篇,其余文献均被排除。资料综合:31篇文章中11篇为随机对照研究,10篇为对照研究,各研究的研究期为1～6个月。各研究所纳入的病例数量为10～50例。其中6个研究对比了激光与传统药物治疗瘢痕的疗效及安全性,2个研究进行了激光治疗瘢痕基础研究机制比较,10个研究观察了激光结合与单纯药物或单纯激光对瘢痕的疗效,4个研究比较了激光联合西药治疗瘢痕的疗效,2个研究观察了激光治疗瘢痕的副作用。7篇介绍国内或国外瘢痕治疗的研究情况。结论:激光治疗瘢痕的疗效可靠,具有副作用少,方法简单,安全性高,易被患者接受等优势。但由于激光治疗瘢痕还存在着一定的局限性,今后还需要在激光的穿透深度方面研究。     

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of armodafinil for the treatment of bipolar depression

Introduction: Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric illness with recurring episodes of mania and depression. Armodafinil , the R-enantiomer of modafinil, approved for treating excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea and shift work disorder, is possibly effective as an adjunctive treatment for bipolar depression. Areas covered: This review covers the pharmacokinetics of armodafinil, with an emphasis on its use in bipolar depression. Its clinical efficacy in the treatment of bipolar depression is evaluated, along with current data regarding its safety and tolerability. Expert opinion: One placebo-controlled trial is available, in which armodafinil was efficacious as an adjunctive treatment in bipolar depression. Armodafinil shows a linear pharmacokinetic profile over a broad dose range of 50 - 400 mg (maximal plasma concentration and area under concentration-time curve). Compared with modafinil, an equivalent dose of armodafinil attains higher blood concentrations 4 - 6 h post-dose. The possibility of drug interactions is generally low, although interactions have been shown with some drugs used in bipolar disorder, through mild CYP3A4-induction and CYP2C19-inhibition. Armodafinil is well tolerated and presents a possible new treatment option for bipolar depression. However, further investigation is still needed in order to confirm its efficacy and to clarify its role in the treatment of bipolar depression.     

Electrocortical processing of food and emotional pictures in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

Objective To compare the electrocortical processing of food pictures in participants with anorexia nervosa (n = 21), bulimia nervosa (n = 22), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 32) by measuring the early posterior negativity, an event-related potential that reflects stimulus salience and selective attention. Methods We exposed these three groups to a rapid stream of high- and low-calorie food pictures, as well as standard emotional and neutral pictures. Results Event-related potentials in the time range of 220 milliseconds to 310 milliseconds on posterior electrodes differed between groups: patients with eating disorders showed facilitated processing of both high- and low-calorie food pictures relative to neutral pictures, whereas HC participants did so only for the high-calorie pictures. Subjective palatability of the pictures was rated highest by patients with anorexia nervosa, followed by the HC and bulimia nervosa groups. Conclusions Patients with eating disorders show a generalized attentional bias for food images, regardless of caloric value. This might explain the persistent preoccupation with food in these individuals.