农村乙型肝炎疫苗接种率及影响因素调查

为了解农村地区乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗免疫效果及影响因素 ,提出相应措施提高乙肝疫苗的保护效果。在南江、旺苍两县 ,采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法 ,抽取 5 2 7名 2 0 0 0年出生儿童及其 4 99名母亲 ,采血检测血清乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg)。结果显示 :儿童乙肝疫苗免疫接种率和全程免疫接种率分别为 99 0 5 %、95 4 5 % ;首针及时接种率和全程及时接种率分别为 6 8 39%、6 1 6 9%。住院分娩和在家分娩儿童首针及时接种率分别为 83 5 9%、5 6 90 % ,两者的差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。≥第 2胎儿童的首针及时接种率非常明显的低于第 1胎儿童 (χ2 =34 1178,P <0 0 1)。被调查儿童母亲的HBsAg阳性率为 6 6 1% ;儿童HBsAg阳性率为 1 5 2 % ,7例均为阳性母亲所生儿童。由此可见 ,在农村推广乙肝疫苗免疫接种将大大降低HBsAg阳性率。在经济欠发达的边远地区和山区农村 ,对孕妇进行HBsAg筛查 ,重点对HBsAg阳性产妇的新生儿及时接种乙肝疫苗 ,将会取得事半功倍的效果     

在聚乙氧基辛基苯基醚存在下氯米帕明的电分析特性

在聚乙氧基辛基苯基醚存在下氯米帕明的电分析特性张正奇，陈展光，陈声宗，曾鸽鸣，杨植岗（湖南大学化学化工系，长沙４１００８２）氯米帕明（ｃｌｏｍｉｐｒａｍｉｎｅ，ＣＭＩ）能选择性地抑制中枢神经系统内５－ＨＴ的重吸收，可消除抑郁心境，恢复活力。本品使用安...     

Evaluation of the role of varicocelectomy including external spermatic vein ligation in patients with scrotal pain

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare pre- and postoperative scrotal pain in patients with varicocele who underwent varicocelectomy with different approaches. METHODS: The study included 144 consecutive patients with left-sided varicocele who had left scrotal pain for more than 3 months. All patients underwent varicocele ligation using either a subinguinal or inguinal approach with or without external spermatic vein ligation. We asked the patients to complete an 'Assessment Questionnaire for Scrotal Pain' both before and after the surgery. RESULTS: The surgery was successful in 101 (83.4%) of the 121 patients available for follow up. Seventy-four (61.1%) patients reported the complete resolution of pain while 27 patients (22.3%) reported partial resolution. Symptoms worsened in a single case and pain persisted postoperatively in 19 cases (15.7%). There were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the pain and grade of varicocele between postoperative groups. A significant difference was observed in postoperative success between patients who had external spermatic vein ligation and those who did not, regardless of the surgical approach (inguinal or subinguinal). All patients who reported complete or partial resolution of pain stated that they would recommend surgery to relatives with the same problem. CONCLUSIONS: Varicocelectomy using either inguinal or subinguinal approaches is an effective and reasonable treatment option in this patient group and should include external spermatic vein ligation for a satisfactory outcome.     

Central haemodynamics in acute myocardial infarction in relation to mortality and peak enzyme activity

The relation of central haemodynamic changes to subsequent mortalityand peak enzyme activity was investigated in 190 patients withacute myocardial infarction. The mean delay time from onsetof symptoms to the haemodynamic study was 7.2 hours. Major exclusioncriteria were heart rate < 65beats min^–1, systolicblood pressure < 105 mmHg and lung rales to a distance of> 10 cm above the lung bases. Nine patients (4.7%) died within15 days and 16 patients (8.4%) within 90 days after the infarction.Compared to survivors, non-survivors were characterized by baselinedepression of cardiac index, stroke volume index and left ventricularstroke work index, while pulmonary capillary wedge pressureand peripheral resistance were increased. However, a wide overlapbetween survivors and non-survivors makes the predictive valuelow in the individual patient. Peak serum aspartate aminotransferase (S-ASAT) activity wasweakly related to baseline pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(r = 0.28; P< 0.001) and stroke volume index (r = –0.22;P7lt;0.01). The correlation to pulmonary capillary wedge pressurewas only found in anterior (r = 0.34) infarcts. Peak serum lactatedehydrogenase (LD¹) was not correlated with baseline haemodynamics.     

Molecular analysis of the Turkish form of deletion-inversion (δβ)° thalassaemia

Two unrelated (δβ)°-thalassaemia patients from Southern Turkey are presented. DNA studies indicated that both of them are homozygous for the Turkish type of (δβ)°-thalassaemia characterized by one large deletion of 11.5 kb including the δ and β globin genes at the 5' end and one small deletion of 1.6 kb at the 3' end, which are separated by an inverted 7.6 kb long DNA segment that includes L1 repetitive sequence. In the present study a PCR-based method was performed to produce a unique deletion-specific product and subjected to sequence analysis for the determination of the breakpoint. DNA polymorphisms in the β-globin gene cluster of deletion-inversion type of (δβ)°-thalassaemia, IVS-I-6 and β-39 globin genes were examined. Analysis of sequence variations in regulatory regions including the 5' hypersensitive site-2 of the locus control region (LCR), the δ, ^Gγ and ^Aγ 5' flanking regions and the second intervening sequence (IVS-II) of ^Aγ and ^Gγ genes indicated the presence of close similarities between the chromosome carrying the Turkish form of deletion-inversion δβ)°-thalassaemia and the chromosome associated with β-39 nonsense mutation in haplotype II. These two chromosomes are characterized by the presence of a 4 base pair deletion in the ^Aγ^T globin gene promoter. A C → T alteration at position −199 5' to the δ gene was also found to be associated with the Turkish type of (δβ)°-thalassaemia and β-39 chromosome.     

子宫颈癌中医证型与TSP-1、VEGF-C表达的相关性

目的探讨子宫颈癌中医证型与血小板反应素1（thrombospondin 1,TSP-1）及血管生长因子C（vascular endothelial growth factor C,VEGF-C）表达的相关性。方法选择子宫颈癌患者100例进行中医辨证分型,宫颈正常者30例为对照组,采用免疫组织化学方法（SP法）检测这两种宫颈组织中TSP-1、VEGF-C的表达量及微血管的密度（microvessel density,MVD）。结果子宫颈癌各中医证型的分布规律为湿热瘀毒证〉肝郁化火证〉肝肾阴虚证〉脾肾阳虚证,各病理类型在各中医证型中的分布无统计学差异;与正常宫颈组织相比,子宫颈癌组织中VEGF-C表达量及MVD计数明显升高,TSP-1表达量则降低,随着中医证型由脾肾阳虚证、肝肾阴虚证、肝郁化火证、热毒蕴结证逐渐加重,VEGF-C阳性率及MVD计数呈增高趋势,TSP-1阳性率呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。子宫颈癌组织中TSP-1、VEGF-C的表达与患者的年龄及病理类型无统计学差异。结论 TSP-1及VEGF-C的表达与各个中医证型具有一定相关性,TSP-1抑制宫颈癌血管的生成,VEGF-C则促进其生成、生长,两者共同参与子宫颈癌的血管生成。     

苦参生物碱的高效液相色谱法测定

报道了苦参中五种主要生物碱——槐果碱、苦参碱、槐定、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的高效液相色谱测定法。用氨基键合相柱,乙腈—磷酸水溶液(pH 2)—无水乙醇(80:8:10)为流动相,220nm为检测波长。方法简便易行,可在15 min内完成测定。