Percutaneous removal of common bile duct stones using a modified balloon technique

To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous removal of common bile duct (CBD) stones using a modified balloon technique (balloon catheter sphincteroplasty and expulsion of the stones using half-captured balloons within the sheath) in patients difficult to treat with endoscopy.Fifty patients underwent a modified balloon technique (balloon group), and 53 patients underwent CBD stone removal by the basket method (stone basket group) between 2016 and 2019. We compared the balloon and stone basket groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified balloon technique. Outcome variables such as demographics, technical success rates, procedural details, and complications were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test, Fisher exact test, or the χ² test.The technical success rate in the balloon group was 66% (33/50) in 1 session, 32% (16/50) in 2 sessions, and 2% (1/50) in 3 sessions. That of the stone basket group was 45% (24/53) in 1 session, 38% (20/53) in 2 sessions, and 17% (9/53) in 3 sessions.The total procedure time was significantly shorter in the balloon group (29.5 ± 15.1 minutes) than in the stone basket group (41.7 ± 20.2 minutes) (P < .01), whereas the number of stones was higher in the balloon group than in the stone basket group (P = .03). Maximal stone size, balloon size, pancreatitis, and hospitalization stay did not show statistical differences between the 2 groups. Most complications (9 patients, balloon group; 8 patients, stone basket group) were mild and transient. Major complications occurred in one patient in the stone basket group, who experienced hemobilia due to arterial injury caused by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, which was treated by endovascular embolization without mortality.The modified balloon technique is an effective and safe treatment method for CBD stone removal in patients presenting difficulties in the endoscopic approach.     

Comparison of intragastric pressure between endotracheal tube and supraglottic airway devices in laparoscopic hepatectomy: A randomized,controlled, non-inferiority study

Background:Supraglottic airway (SGA) devices do not definitively protect the airway from regurgitation of gastric contents. Increased gastric pressure and long operation time are associated with development of complications such as aspiration pneumonia. The aim of this study was to compare intragastric pressure between second-generation SGA and endotracheal tube (ETT) devices during long-duration laparoscopic hepatectomy.Methods:A total of 66 patients was randomly assigned to 2 groups; 33 patients each in the ETT and SGA groups. Intragastric pressure was continuously measured via a gastric drainage tube with a three-way stopcock connected to the pressure monitoring device. Normal saline was added to the end of the gastric drainage tube at each operation time point.Results:Intragastric pressure during pneumoperitoneum was no different between the 2 groups (P = .146) or over time (P = .094). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) pH of the SGA tip measured after operation was 6.7 (0.4), and a pH <4 was not observed. Relative risk of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the ETT group relative to the SGA group (sore throat, 5.5; cough,13.0).Conclusions:Use of SGA devices does not further increase intragastric pressure, even during prolonged upper abdominal laparoscopic surgery. Also, the frequency of postoperative sore throat and cough was significantly lower when the second-generation SGA device was used.     

The Difference of Endoscopic and Histologic Improvements of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia After Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Digestive Diseases and Sciences - Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important risk factor of atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer (GC). However, no report to...     

Development of Diagnostic Reference Levels Using a Real-Time Radiation Dose Monitoring System at a Cardiovascular Center in Korea

Digital cardiovascular angiography accounts for a major portion of the radiation dose among the examinations performed at cardiovascular centres. However, dose-related information is neither monitored nor recorded systemically. This report concerns the construction of a radiation dose monitoring system based on digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data and its use at the cardiovascular centre of the University Hospitals in Korea. The dose information was analysed according to DICOM standards for a series of procedures, and the formulation of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) at our cardiovascular centre represents the first of its kind in Korea. We determined a dose area product (DAP) DRL for coronary angiography of 75.6 Gy cm² and a fluoroscopic time DRL of 318.0 s. The DAP DRL for percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention was 213.3 Gy cm², and the DRL for fluoroscopic time was 1207.5 s.     

Early Sodium and Fluid Intake and Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Hypernatremic dehydration is an important cause of intracranial hemorrhage. A possible association of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) with hypernatremia and/or high sodium intake has been suggested in preterm infants. To investigate the associations of early fluid and sodium intake or serum sodium concentrations with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, we reviewed the medical records of 169 inborn ELBW infants. Daily fluid and sodium intake, urine output, weight loss and serum sodium concentration during the first 4 days of life were obtained. Patients were divided into the severe IVH (grade 3/4) and the control (no or grade 1/2 IVH) group. The maximum serum sodium concentration and the incidence of hypernatremia did not differ between the two groups. Related to the fluid balance and sodium intake, the risk for severe IVH was strongly associated with total fluid and sodium intake during the initial four days of life. With respect to the fluids other than transfusion, severe IVH can be discriminated only by sodium intake but not by fluid intake. Large randomized controlled trials are required to clarify the causal relationship between the early sodium intake and severe IVH in ELBW infants.

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Clinical Significance of Substaging and HER2 Expression in Papillary Nonmuscle Invasive Urothelial Cancers of the Urinary Bladder

The study aimed to verify the prognostic utility, therapeutic application and clinical benefits of tumor substaging and HER2 status in papillary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Select NMIBC transurethral resection specimens from 141 patients were used to construct tissue microarrays for assessing the substaging, HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (HER2-IHC) and gene amplification by dual-color silver in situ hybridization (HER2-SISH). Substages were identified by the differing depth of tumor invasion (pTa / pT1a / pT1b / pT1c). HER2 protein expression was semiquantitatively analyzed and grouped into negative (score 0, 1+) and positive (score 2+, 3+). Other clinicopathological variables were also investigated. For NMIBC, HER2-IHC and HER2-SISH showed positive results in 6/141 (4.3%) and 4/141 (2.8%) respectively, which correlated well with tumor substaging. In multivariate analysis, substaging, HER2-IHC, and HER2-SISH were found to be independent predictors of progression-free survival (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.031). HER2-IHC was the sole independent predictor of recurrent free survival in NMIBC (P = 0.017). It is suggested that tumor substaging and HER2 status are independent predictive markers for tumor progression or recurrence, and thus could be included in diagnostic and therapeutic management for NMIBC.

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