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61.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of midazolam in intensive care patients, a wide interpatient variability? 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
H Oldenhof M de Jong A Steenhoek R Janknegt 《Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics》1988,43(3):263-269
The pharmacokinetics of midazolam and its metabolites were studied in 17 patients on mechanical ventilation in a general intensive care unit who were receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of midazolam, adjusted according to the level of induced sedation. Three patients were studied twice. Serum midazolam and alpha-hydroxymidazolamglucuronide levels were determined during and after infusion. The sedation level was scored on a four-point scale. Half of the observed patients were still drowsy or asleep 10 hours after termination of midazolam infusion. In only one patient was midazolam serum elimination half-life less than 2 hours and in six patients the half-life was greater than 10 hours. A wide range of midazolam serum levels was associated with adequate sedation, and similarly the midazolam levels at the moment of awakening were highly variable. The serum concentration ratio of midazolam/alpha-hydroxymidazolamglucuronide at the end of the infusion varied from 0.03 to 15.6. Renal function could account for only a part of this variation. 相似文献
62.
Jung Han Kim Sang Jun Lee Young Bok Han Jung Jo Moon Jong Bae Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1994,17(2):115-118
This paper describes the isolation of isoguanosine from Croton tiglium L. and its cytotoxic effect against several tumor cell lines in culture and newly reports that isoguanosine has an antitumor activity against implanted S-180 ascitic tumor mice. Isoguanosine is effective at the dose of 24 mg/kg/day x 5, with T/C value of 168%. Isoguanosine inhibits the growth of S-180 and Ehrlich solid tumor in mice at the optimal doses of 96 mg/kg/day x 12 and 48 mg/kg/day x 12, with 1-T/C values of 65% and 60%, respectively. 相似文献
63.
64.
Navis G. J.; Dullaart R. P. F.; Vellenga E.; Elema J. D.; de Jong P. E 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1994,9(10):1477-1481
POEMS syndrome is a multisystem disorder associated with plasmacell dyscrasias. This report describes a patient with POEMS-associatedrenal disease and reviews the literature on biopsy-proven renalinvolvement in POEMS syndrome. Our patient had glomerulonephritiswith membranoproliferative features on light-microscopy withoutcharacteristic findings on immunofluorescence, and with ultra-structural evidence of glomerular microangiopathy. Ultrastructuralevidence of microangiopathy was also found in vasa nervorum.In 20 other cases of POEMS- associated renal disease, 16 hadglomerular disease. Light-microscopy showed membranoproliferative-likeglomerulopathy in 14 patients and glomerular microan giopathyin two. Ultrastructural evidence of microangi opathy was presentin all 15 patients in whom electron- microscopy was done. Thus,in most patients with POEMS-associated glomerular disease acharacteristic lesion is present with evidence of endothelialinjury. As endothelial damage is also found in endoneural vessels,generalized endothelial injury may play a role in non-renalmanifestations of POEMS syndrome. In previous reviews manifestationsof the POEMS syndrome were similar for patients with or withoutmyeloma. Among patients with biopsy-proven glomerular disease,however, myeloma patients are underrepres ented. Whether thisrepresents a sampling error or has true pathophysiological significanceremains to be established. 相似文献
65.
Kyung Bok Lee Jong Sig Kim Sang Tae Kwak Wonbo Sim Jong Hwan Kwak Yeong Shik Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1998,21(5):555-558
Chondroitin sulfates were isolated from the mud snail. For the quantitative analysis of enzymatic digestion products of isolated
chondroitin sulfates, strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) was performed. By the action
of chondroitinase ABC, three unsaturated disaccharides 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose (ΔDi-OS), 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose (ΔDi-6S) and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose (ΔDi-4S) were produced from the mud snail chondroitin sulfates. The analysis showed that relative proportion
of ΔDi-OS/ΔDi-6S/ΔDi-4S was 58.7/3.1/38.2. The immunomodulating activity of chondroitin sulfate was examined by cell proliferation
assay and these results suggest that it might be a immunosuppressant. 相似文献
66.
67.
This study was designed to investigate the effect of cholestyramine on the formation of pigment gallstones in high carbohydrate diet-fed hamsters and whether that effect occurred because of cholecystokinin action. Forty seven hamsters were divided into three groups: group I(n = 16) was fed on normal rodent chow(43% carbohydrate), group II(n = 14) was fed on a high CHO diet(65% carbohydrate), group III(n = 17) was fed on a high CHO diet containing 4% cholestyramine. Gallstones developed in 0% of group I, 42.9% of group II and 5.9% of group III(P < 0.05, group II vs III). To evaluate the chronic status of cholecystokinin level, the wet weight of pancreas and the average area of pancreatic acinar in microscopic high power field were measured. There was no significant difference between group II and group III in pancreatic weight and average area of pancreatic acinar(P > 0.05). In gallbladder bile analysis, there was also no significant difference between group II and group III in cholesterol, phospholipid, total calcium, total bilirubin and bile acid levels. In conclusion, cholestyramine decreases the frequency of pigment gallstone formation in high CHO diet-fed hamsters, but it is not clear whether the mechanism of cholestyramine decreasing the gallstone formation is due to the action of cholecystokinin. 相似文献
68.
J. K. Kang Sang Won Lee Min Woo Baik Byung Chul Son Yong Kil Hong Chul Ku Jung Keon Hee Ryu 《Child's nervous system》1998,14(7):297-301
Accurate assessment and replacement of blood loss and fluid–electrolyte deficit during craniosynostosis repair is difficult
owing to patient size and the diversity of surgical technique. Forty-three patients undergoing primary craniosynostosis repair
over a 10-year period were studied retrospectively to determine blood loss and fluid deficit and to assess blood transfusion
practices during both intraoperative and postoperative periods. Blood loss was calculated on the basis of estimated red cell
mass (ERCM) and fluid-electrolyte imbalance was investigated with blood samplings. Blood transfusion was considered appropriate
if the postoperative or posttransfusion ERCM was within 12% of the preoperative value. Estimated fluid requirement (EFR) was
used in 4 ml kg–1 h–1 except for neonates. Intraoperatively, 80% of all patients were appropriately managed with respect to blood transfusion and
EFR. Postoperatively only 20% of the patients receiving transfusions were transfused appropriately. In 23.3% of these patients
(10/43) unexpected respiratory distress developed immediately after their recovery from the anesthesia. With the measurement
of estimated blood volume and allowable blood loss, appropriate transfusion could be achieved for the successful treatment
of the primary craniosynostosis.
Received: 16 February 1998 相似文献
69.
Jin-Cheol Kim Seong-Seok Choi Soon-Joo Wang Seong-Gon Kim 《Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics》2006,102(2):e4-11
PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to ascertain the incidence of minor complications after mandibular third molar surgery and to predict the risk of skin ecchymosis or mucosa petechiae related to the usage of an absorbable gelatin sponge. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and four patients subjected to surgical extraction of horizontally impacted lower third molars were selected and investigated by means of questionnaires and clinical examinations. The independent sample t test was used for numeric variables. The chi-square test was used for logistic variables to determine the association between variables, and thereafter stepwise logistical regression was used. RESULTS: The older group (> or = 30 years old), with deeply impacted teeth, and long operation times (> or = 10 minutes) were shown to have significantly higher swelling than the other groups (P < .05). The patients who had deeply impacted teeth or long operation times were shown to have significantly higher VAS scores compared to short operation times (P < .05). The use of an absorbable gelatin sponge in the extraction socket significantly decreased postoperative swelling, mucosal petechiae, and skin ecchymosis (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The clinical variables related to postoperative bleeding disorder, pain, and trismus were identified. The insertion of an absorbable gelatin sponge into the extraction socket was found to be a very useful method to prevent postoperative bleeding problems. 相似文献