全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2198篇 |
免费 | 122篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 60篇 |
儿科学 | 34篇 |
妇产科学 | 48篇 |
基础医学 | 385篇 |
口腔科学 | 38篇 |
临床医学 | 165篇 |
内科学 | 409篇 |
皮肤病学 | 36篇 |
神经病学 | 193篇 |
特种医学 | 51篇 |
外科学 | 534篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
预防医学 | 72篇 |
眼科学 | 78篇 |
药学 | 88篇 |
肿瘤学 | 120篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 31篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 45篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 98篇 |
2012年 | 127篇 |
2011年 | 136篇 |
2010年 | 67篇 |
2009年 | 74篇 |
2008年 | 114篇 |
2007年 | 139篇 |
2006年 | 125篇 |
2005年 | 121篇 |
2004年 | 117篇 |
2003年 | 113篇 |
2002年 | 97篇 |
2001年 | 42篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 38篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 15篇 |
1973年 | 16篇 |
1968年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有2324条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
71.
Karlsson MR Edström-Plüss C Held C Henriksson P Billing E Wallén NH 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2007,30(3):253-261
Type D personality has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease
(CAD). We investigated the effects of expanded cardiac rehabilitation on type D score and psychosocial characteristics in
224 CAD patients randomised to either expanded cardiac rehabilitation (stress management, increased physical training, stay
at a “Patient Hotel” after discharge and cooking sessions), or routine rehabilitation. Follow-up was 1 year. At baseline patients
with a high type D score [patients in the upper quartile of type D score (Q4) i.e., type D patients] had a lower sense of
coherence (p < 0.001), a lower quality of life (p < 0.001), more depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and increased anxiety (p < 0.001) as compared to patients with a low type D score (Q1). During follow-up, type D patients (Q4) randomised to intervention
had significant decrements in type D-score (p < 0.01), depression and anxiety (p < 0.05) and an increment in quality of life scores (p < 0.001). Quality of life was also improved in control type D patients (Q4; p < 0.01) but no significant changes were seen in type D score, depression or anxiety. Expanded cardiac rehabilitation reduces
type D score, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and improves the quality of life in type D patients. 相似文献
72.
Neutrophil function relies largely on the ability of the cell to mobilize its different granules and vesicles to the cell surface and thereby expose and/or release effector molecules to the surrounding tissue. To properly identify these subcellular compartments is thus a prerequisite for studies of neutrophil physiology. A range of specific markers for the classical granules is available, but finding optimal markers for the secretory vesicles and plasma membrane has historically been more challenging. Latent and non-latent alkaline phosphatase activities are often used to distinguish these two light membrane structures, but the outcome using this technique depends on the level of cellular activation. Therefore, HLA-I was introduced some years ago as a specific, stimulation-independent marker for the plasma membrane. In this study we however report that detailed fractionation studies of neutrophil cytoplasts, lacking secretory vesicles, granules and other dense organelles, reveal that the HLA-I antigen is not only co-localizing with the plasma membrane marker ALP, but is also present in other, more dense organelles. Further, we found the mixed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MELISA), detecting the beta(2)-microglobulin/HLA-I complex, to be negatively influenced by uncomplexed beta(2)-microglobulin present in the specific granules and secretory vesicles, making it difficult to use HLA-I as a plasma membrane marker during maturation of for example phagolysosomes. 相似文献
73.
Changes in stretch reflex excitability are related to "giving way" symptoms in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) usually leads to an altered stretch reflex excitability of the thigh muscles that stabilize the knee. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess reflex activity in the m. semitendinosus/semimembranosus after anterior tibial translation in 21 patients with isolated ACL ruptures. The patients were divided into a group with "giving way" symptoms (noncopers, n = 12) and a group without "giving way" symptoms (copers, n = 9). While the patients were standing upright with 30 degrees knee flexion, a force of 300 N was applied to the knee to induce posterior-anterior tibial translation. Activity of m. semitendinosus/semimembranosus was measured using surface electromyography (EMG). A linear potentiometer was placed on the tibial tuberosity and measured maximum tibial translation during standing (i.e., functional condition). In addition, knee laxity was assessed with a KT1000 arthrometer under passive conditions. After ACL rupture, the short-latency response (SLR) latency remained unchanged (P = 0.21), whereas for the medium-latency response (MLR) it was significantly longer (P < 0.001). Significantly longer MLR latencies were noted for noncopers compared with copers (P < 0.01), whereas SLR latencies were similar. Significant differences between healthy and injured legs were noted after tibial translations using KT1000 (P < 0.001) and during stance (P < 0.001). Mechanical knee instability was found to be unchanged between copers and noncopers (KT1000: P = 0.97; tibial translation: P = 0.31). These results indicate that ACL rupture is associated with altered stretch reflex excitability, which may lead to "giving way" symptoms, and that altered stretch reflex excitability may be more important for the development of "giving way" than the mechanical instability of the knee. 相似文献
74.
Göran Hedenstierna Svante Baehrendtz Marek Darowski Claes Frostell 《Journal of clinical monitoring and computing》1985,1(1):5-11
Hypoxaemia in association with acute respiratory failure continues to be a severe problem in some intensive care patients. Among strategies proposed, we want to focus attention on differential ventilation with selective PEEP, administered in the lateral position. This ventilation technique has proved successful in the treatment of refractory hypoxaemia due to severe bilateral lung disease.The rationale of this concept is briefly presented in this paper, where the main emphasis is laid on the practical aspects of its clinical application. Two case reports are included as examples of our experiences. 相似文献
75.
Tim Wehner Katharina Gruchenberg Ronny Bindl Stefan Recknagel Malte Steiner Anita Ignatius Lutz Claes 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2014,32(12):1589-1595
The healing process consists of at least three phases: inflammatory, repair, and remodeling phase. Because callus stiffness correlates with the healing phases, it is suitable for evaluating the fracture healing process. Our aim was to develop a method which allows determination of callus stiffness in vivo, the healing time and the duration of the repair phase. The right femurs of 16 Wistar rats were osteotomized and stabilized with either more rigid or more flexible external fixation. Fixator deformation was measured using strain gauges during gait analysis. The strains were recalculated as the callus stiffness over the time course of healing, and the healing phases were identified based on stiffness thresholds. Our hypothesis was that stabilization with more flexible external fixation prolongs the repair phase, therefore resulting in an extended healing time. Confirming our hypothesis, the duration of the repair phase (rigid: approximately 15 days, flexible: approximately 41 days) and the healing time (rigid: approximately 27 days, flexible: approximately 62 days) were significantly longer for more flexible external fixation. Our method allows the quantitative detection of differences in the healing time and duration of the repair phase without multiple time‐point sacrifices, which reduces the number of animals in experimental studies. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1589–1595, 2014. 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
Tivesten A Bollano E Andersson I Fitzgerald S Caidahl K Sjögren K Skøtt O Liu JL Mobini R Isaksson OG Jansson JO Ohlsson C Bergström G Isgaard J 《Endocrinology》2002,143(11):4235-4242
IGF-I has been suggested to be of importance for cardiovascular structure and function, but the relative role of locally produced and liver-derived endocrine IGF-I remains unclear. Using the Cre-LoxP recombination system, we have previously created transgenic mice with a liver-specific, inducible IGF-I knockout (LI-IGF-I-/-). To examine the role of liver-derived IGF-I in cardiovascular physiology, liver-derived IGF-I was inactivated at 4 wk of age, resulting in a 79% reduction of serum IGF-I levels. At 4 months of age, systolic blood pressure (BP) was increased in LI-IGF-I-/- mice. Echocardiography showed increased posterior wall thickness in combination with decreased stroke volume and cardiac output, whereas other systolic variables were unchanged, suggesting that these cardiac effects were secondary to increased peripheral resistance. Acute nitric oxide-synthase inhibition increased systolic BP more in LI-IGF-I-/- mice than in control mice. LI-IGF-I-/- mice showed impaired acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in mesenteric resistance vessels and increased levels of endothelin-1 mRNA in aorta. Thus, the increased peripheral resistance in LI-IGF-I-/- mice might be attributable to endothelial dysfunction associated with increased expression of endothelin-1 and impaired vasorelaxation of resistance vessels. In conclusion, our findings suggest that liver-derived IGF-I is involved in the regulation of BP in mice. 相似文献
79.
Sarah Keildson Joao Fadista Claes Ladenvall ?sa K. Hedman Targ Elgzyri Kerrin S. Small Elin Grundberg Alexandra C. Nica Daniel Glass J. Brent Richards Amy Barrett James Nisbet Hou-Feng Zheng Tina R?nn Kristoffer Str?m Karl-Fredrik Eriksson Inga Prokopenko MAGIC Consortium DIAGRAM Consortium MuTHER Consortium Timothy D. Spector Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis Panos Deloukas Mark I. McCarthy Johan Rung Leif Groop Paul W. Franks Cecilia M. Lindgren Ola Hansson 《Diabetes》2014,63(3):1154-1165
Using an integrative approach in which genetic variation, gene expression, and clinical phenotypes are assessed in relevant tissues may help functionally characterize the contribution of genetics to disease susceptibility. We sought to identify genetic variation influencing skeletal muscle gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci [eQTLs]) as well as expression associated with measures of insulin sensitivity. We investigated associations of 3,799,401 genetic variants in expression of >7,000 genes from three cohorts (n = 104). We identified 287 genes with cis-acting eQTLs (false discovery rate [FDR] <5%; P < 1.96 × 10−5) and 49 expression–insulin sensitivity phenotype associations (i.e., fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance, and BMI) (FDR <5%; P = 1.34 × 10−4). One of these associations, fasting insulin/phosphofructokinase (PFKM), overlaps with an eQTL. Furthermore, the expression of PFKM, a rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, was nominally associated with glucose uptake in skeletal muscle (P = 0.026; n = 42) and overexpressed (Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.03) in skeletal muscle of patients with T2D (n = 102) compared with normoglycemic controls (n = 87). The PFKM eQTL (rs4547172; P = 7.69 × 10−6) was nominally associated with glucose uptake, glucose oxidation rate, intramuscular triglyceride content, and metabolic flexibility (P = 0.016–0.048; n = 178). We explored eQTL results using published data from genome-wide association studies (DIAGRAM and MAGIC), and a proxy for the PFKM eQTL (rs11168327; r2 = 0.75) was nominally associated with T2D (DIAGRAM P = 2.7 × 10−3). Taken together, our analysis highlights PFKM as a potential regulator of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. 相似文献
80.
Even though the levels of circulating sex steroid hormones are to a large extent heritable, their genetic determinants are largely unknown. With the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), much progress has been made and several genetic loci have been identified to be associated with serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. The variants identified so far only explain a small amount of the overall heritability, but may help to elucidate the role of sex steroid hormones in common disorders such as hypogonadism, type 2 diabetes and hormone-sensitive cancers. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the genetic determinants of sex steroid hormones, with a focus on recent GWAS and brief directions for elucidating the remaining heritability. 相似文献