Development of a Flow-Through USP-4 Apparatus Drug Release Assay to Evaluate Doxorubicin Liposomes

Doxil® is a complex parenteral doxorubicin (DOX) liposome formulation approved by the FDA. For generic doxorubicin liposomes, analyzing the release profile of DOX is important for quality control and comparability studies. However, there is no robust standard drug release assay available for doxorubicin liposomes. In this study, we describe a USP-4 apparatus assay capable of discriminating DOX liposomal formulations based on release profile. Establishment of the assay was hindered by limited DOX release from liposomes in physiological conditions at 37°C. The addition of NH₄HCO₃ to the release media facilitated DOX release proportionally to the salt concentration added but caused precipitation of released drug in USP-4 apparatus. Precipitation of DOX was avoided by adding hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin (HP-CD) to the release medium. We optimized conditions for DOX release by varying a number of parameters such as: concentration of HP-CD, testing temperature, and concentration of tested samples. The optimized release medium contained: 100 mM NH₄HCO₃, 75 mM 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and 5% w/v HP-CD, 5% w/v sucrose, 0.02% w/v NaN₃ (pH 6). The drug release assay was performed at 45°C. The optimized release assay can discriminate between DOX liposomal formulations of different compositions, physicochemical properties, and prepared by different manufacturing methods. This indicates that the assay could be used to compare DOX release from generic DOX formulations to the innovator product Doxil®.     

Acupoint electrogymnastics therapy for treatment of apoplectic hemiplegia: a multicenter randomized control study

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupoint electrogymnastics therapy on apoplectic hemiplegia, so as to further popularize this therapy in treatment of apoplectic hemiplegia. METHODS: Using three-central, randomized, controlled, multi-blind methods, 153 cases were divided into an electrogymnastics group (n = 77) and an electroacupuncture group (n = 76). They were treated with acupoint electrogymnastics (AE) and traditional electroacupuncture (TEA), respectively. Shousanli (LI 10) and Waiguan (TE 5) on upper limbs and Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Zusanli (ST 36) on the lower limbs were selected in the two groups. A JD-2008 hemiplegia treatment apparatus was used in the AE group. Fugl-Meyer method was used for assessment of motor function and sense function of the four limbs, balance function and joint activity, etc. before and after treatment. RESULTS: In the motor function and sense function of four limbs, balance function and joint activity in the two groups had significant improvement after treatment (both P < 0. 001) with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both acupoint electrogymnastics (AE) and traditional electroacupuncture (TEA) have a similar therapeutic effect on apoplectic hemiplegia, but AE has the advantages of safety, reliability and convenience in operation, so it is suitable for long-term rehabilitation treatment of the patient and for popularization in hospital of basic level.     

Regional Level Influenza Study with Geo-Tagged Twitter Data

The rich data generated and read by millions of users on social media tells what is happening in the real world in a rapid and accurate fashion. In recent years many researchers have explored real-time streaming data from Twitter for a broad range of applications, including predicting stock markets and public health trend. In this paper we design, implement, and evaluate a prototype system to collect and analyze influenza statuses over different geographical locations with real-time tweet streams. We investigate the correlation between the Twitter flu counts and the official statistics from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and discover that real-time tweet streams capture the dynamics of influenza cases at both national and regional level and could potentially serve as an early warning system of influenza epidemics. Furthermore, we propose a dynamic mathematical model which can forecast Twitter flu counts with high accuracy.     

临床生物化学检测试剂排列顺序

[目的]通过生物化学检测试剂排序的研究，提高检测的准确度。[方法]终点法、酶法在不同的条件下影响比较。[结果]试剂排序不当易出现误差，影响结果的准确度。[结论]全自动生物化学检测应注重试剂排序，进一步提高结果的准确性。     

药用辅料壳聚糖的急性毒性实验

目的 观察壳聚糖给予动物后产生的急性毒性反应。方法 壳聚糖ip小鼠及po小鼠和大鼠。结果 其最大耐受剂量LD50分别大于2，16，75g／kg(相当于推荐临床试用剂量的500～5000倍)，观察14天未见小鼠和大鼠死亡。结论 壳聚糖几乎无毒性。     

Electroacupuncture treatment for pancreatic cancer pain: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPancreatic cancer is often accompanied by severe abdominal or back pain. It's the first study to evaluate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on pancreatic cancer pain. A randomized controlled trial compared electroacupuncture with control acupuncture using the placebo needle.MethodsSixty patients with pancreatic cancer pain were randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture group (n = 30) and the placebo control group (n = 30). Patients were treated on Jiaji (Ex-B2) points T8–T12 bilaterally for 30 min once a day for 3 days. Pain intensity was assessed with numerical rated scales (NRS) before the treatment (Baseline), after 3 treatments, and 2 days follow-up.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. After 3 treatment, pain intensity on NRS decreased compared with Baseline (?1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] ?1.46 to ?1.87) in the electroacupuncture group; there was little change (?0.13, 95% CI 0.08 to ?0.35) in control group; the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Follow-up also found a significant reduction in pain intensity in the electroacupuncture group compared with the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsElectroacupuncture was an effective treatment for relieving pancreatic cancer pain.     

不同样本处理条件对血站丙氨酸氨基转移酶检测结果的影响

目的：探讨不同样本处理条件对血站丙氨酸氨基转移酶（Alanine aminotransferase，ALT）检测结果的影响。方法：采取160例健康的无偿自愿献血者血液作为研究对象，采用速率法对血液样本进行ALT检测。研究对比了“先离心后储存”和“先储存后离心”两种方式对ALT检测结果的影响；不同储存时间对ALT检测的影响；常温（18-27℃）和4℃离心温度对ALT检测的影响；使用抗凝管和促凝管分离对ALT检测结果的影响。数据采用t检验进行统计分析。结果：采用“先离心后储存”和“先储存后离心”两种方式对ALT检测结果无统计学差异；储存0 h离心和4 h离心后ALT检测结果差异无统计学意义（p > 0.05），0 h和8 h以及4 h和8 h之间差异有统计学意义（p < 0.05）；常温（18-27℃）离心和4℃离心后ALT检测结果间差异有统计学意义（p < 0.05）；使用抗凝管和促凝管对ALT检测结果无统计学差异。结论：标本采集到分离时间和离心温度对ALT检测结果有一定影响，是ALT检测质量控制的重要环节，在日常工作中要加以规范。如无法及时离心应立即放入2-8℃冰箱，并储存4 h内分离。血浆和血清对ALT检测结果无影响，必要时血清和血浆可以替代使用，方便日常的工作。     

Opposite effects of lead exposure on taurine- and HFS-induced LTP in rat hippocampus

The effect of lead exposure on taurine-induced long-term potentiation (LTP(TAU)) was examined and compared with high-frequency stimulation-induced one (LTP(HFS)). Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) and fiber volley (FV) in area CA1 of hippocampal slice were recorded in control and lead-exposed rats. In contrast to the inhibitory effects of lead exposure on LTP(HFS), the amplitude of LTP(TAU) in the lead-exposed rats (199.3+/-13.7%, n=12) was significantly larger than that in controls (152.3+/-17.0%, n=12). It was also observed that taurine induced greater FV potentiation in lead-exposed rats (162.6+/-9.0%, n=10) than controls (132.1+/-6.9%, n=11). In addition, after a previous HFS, sequent perfusion of taurine could further increase the synaptic efficacy in lead-exposed rats. These results provide the first evidence that chronic lead exposure has opposite effects on the two types of LTP resulting from different lead toxicity sites.     

关于高职高专药学专业课程改革的探索

本文从药学教育模式的转变和新世纪药学事业的中心任务的需要出发,对如何突出高职高专药学专业特点,以药学发展需要确定专业培养目标及人才培养规格,以药学专业职业岗位需要改革专业教学内容,根据市场的行业需要确定人才培养方案,以职业岗位能力和基本素质的需要改革教材,以素质能力培养为中心改革实践教学方式,运用现代教育技术,加强教学方法的改革,开设选修课和第二课堂、重视社会实践,在培养学生的人文精神和综合素质诸方面进行了探索和实践。     

豆楮方对小鼠移植性肝癌的体内抑制作用

目的研究豆楮方对小鼠移植性肝癌的体内抑制作用。方法将肝癌Heps肿瘤细胞悬液以0.2mL/只量接种于小鼠右前肢腋部皮下,24h后将已接种的小鼠随机分组。各组分别用药7d,停药后24h将小鼠摘眼球放血检测血液生化指标,剥取瘤块称重,计算抑瘤率。结果豆楮方体内肿瘤抑制率为46.85%,且对荷瘤动物的肝肾功能保护作用明显优于5-Fu阳性对照组。结论豆楮方具有抗肝癌及保护荷瘤动物肝肾功能的作用。