肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂鹿角形结石

目的探讨肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂鹿角形结石的疗效。方法电刀切开积水较重的肾盏,气压弹道碎石杆对准结石碎石后分块取出。盏颈口狭窄但肾盏积水不严重者,将直径1 mm气压弹道碎石杆于肾实质处刺入结石位置,将肾盏内结石击碎后从盏颈口取出。结果19例均未阻断肾蒂,手术时间90-150 min,平均120 min。术中出血量100-250 ml,未输血。17例一次取石成功,术后无结石残余;1例术中残余泥沙状结石,术后经肾造瘘管冲洗引流排出;1例肾盏结石术中取石遗漏,术后经ESWL碎石后排净结石。15例随访10-60个月,平均18个月,结石复发2例,体外震波碎石后排净结石。结论肾盏切开联合经肾实质气压弹道碎石治疗复杂性鹿角形结石出血少,疗效可靠。     

肾嫌色细胞癌的诊治（附4例报告）

目的 提高肾嫌色细胞癌的诊治水平。方法 回顾性分析4例肾嫌色细胞癌患者的临床资料。男3例，女1例，年龄34—76岁，平均52岁。结果 3例患者行肾癌根治术，1例行肾部分切除术。术后病理诊断为肾嫌色细胞癌，病理分期：pT1aNxMo 1例，pT1bNoMo3例。病理分级：G1 3例，G2 1例。免疫组织化学染色：CK8（低分子量细胞角蛋白）阳性，Vimentin（波型蛋白）阴性，Hale胶体铁阳性。随访4个月至8年，平均4年。4例患者均健在，无肿瘤复发或转移。结论 肾嫌色细胞癌是一种低度恶性的肾细胞癌，影像学检查对其诊断有重要帮助，确诊有赖于组织病理学检查，手术治疗后预后较好。     

Mouse chromosome 9 quantitative trait loci for soft tissue regeneration: Congenic analysis and fine mapping

Development of gene therapies for wound healing will depend on the identification of the genes involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Previous quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies in mice using the ear punch model have shown that major QTL exist on chromosome (Chr) 9 for soft tissue regeneration. In this study, we have developed a congenic line that contains the Chr 9 QTL chromosomal region from super healer MRL/MpJ in the genomic background of poor-healing SJL/J. The phenotypic effect of this QTL was confirmed in male mice, where the congenic line has shown significant healing improvement over SJL. Fine mapping of the Chr 9 QTL region with 23 markers at an average distance of 4.2 Mb using a total of 1,564 MRL/MpJ x SJL/J F(2) mice revealed the presence of at least three QTL peaks, implying that three separate loci may contribute to the phenotypic effect of this QTL. Based on the 2-LOD intervals, the total QTL region was confined to a combined length of no more than 28.2 Mb. Application of a Bayesian shrinkage estimation indicated that a major locus was located in a region of just 1.3 Mb.     

经尿道切除技术在下尿路疾病中的应用（附128例报告）

目的 探讨经尿道切除技术（TUR）治疗下尿路疾病的适应证、操作方法、术中术后处理及并发症预防的要点。方法 应用经尿道汽化电切术（TURVP）和双极等离子汽化电切术（TUPKVP），分别以5％葡萄糖液和生理盐水作冲洗介质，选择性耻骨上膀胱造瘘，持续低压灌洗，术后气囊导尿管留置5～7天拔管，自行排尿。结果 经尿道前列腺双极等离子汽化电切术7例，经尿道前列腺汽化电切术58例，合计前列腺手术65例；腺性膀胱炎汽化电切术43例；膀胱肿瘤汽化电切术15例；后尿道狭窄等离子汽化电切术3例；精阜腺瘤汽化电切术2例。全部病例均一次手术完成，有效率（126／128）98．4％。无膀胱穿孔、电切综合征、大出血、真性尿失禁发生。前列腺术后尿道狭窄、排尿困难再次手术者2例，占3．08％，排尿疼痛、不适感6例，占9．23％，逆行射精4例，占6．15％。结论 TUR技术是一种微创、安全、迅速、有效、恢复快、并发症较少的腔内泌尿外科治疗方法，特别适用于下尿路疾病的手术；术中持续低压灌注对确保切割视野清晰、预防并发症至关重要。     

The correlation between TNF-α, IL-6 in cervical mucous during follicular development and ovulation stimulation in different protocols

Objective To investigate the correlation between TNF-α and IL-6 levels in cervical mucous during follicular development and ovulation stimulation in different protocols.Methods 36 infertile women were set up as experimental groups,divided into CC, HMG, IVF-ET group,each group consisted of 12 infertile women and 15 women with normal menstrual cycles were choiced as control group.Cervical mucous during follicular phase, luteal phase and ovulation phase were collected.TNF-α, IL-6 levels in cervical mucous were measured by radioimmunology assay (RIA).Follicular development were monitored by transvaginal ultrasonagraphy.Results (1) TNF-α levels in cervical mucous of experimental groups and control group were periodically various among the reproductive cycle.It increased during follicular phase, reached to peak during ovulation phase, and decreased during luteal phase (P＜0.05).IL-6 levels had no obvious periodical changes.(2) Compared with CC and control group, levels of TNF-α,IL-6 in HMG and IVF-ET group were significantly higher (P＜0.05).(3) Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in cervical mucous were positively correlated with the dominant follicle diameter (r=0.261, r=0.192 respectively,P＜0.05).(4) TNF-α and IL-6 showed positive correlation in the reproductive cycle (r=0.782,P＜0.05).Conclusions (1) TNF-α level shows a cyclic change in the reproductive cycle and peaks during ovulation,whereas IL-6 level does not.(2) TNF-α and IL-6 may play a certain role in the process of follicular development and ovulation.(3)The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 are up-regulated by gonadotrophic hormone.(4) TNF-α and IL-6 may have coordination properties and participate in the same biological effects.     

MEAW技术在固定矫治末期精细调整中的应用

目的：探讨MEAW技术在错He畸形固定矫治末期进行精细调整中的应用效果。方法：选取处于方丝弓固定矫治后期遗留局部小开He，上下颌牙齿尖窝交错关系未建立，中线未对齐等缺陷的病例7例，年龄14～24岁，平均年龄17．6岁，采用MEAW技术加颌间弹力牵引，进行咬合关系的精细调整。结果：经过MEAW技术3～6个月的调整，全部病例均达到预期的矫治效果，上下牙列建立了正常的覆He覆盖关系和良好的尖窝咬合关系。结论：对于固定矫治末期出现的小缺陷，通过MEAW技术加各种不同方向和力值的颌间弹力牵引，进行牙列的精细调整，能很好地恢复咬合关系，提高矫治效果。     

螺旋CT三维重建影像在胫骨平台骨折诊疗中的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT三维重建影像在胫骨平台骨折诊断和治疗中的临床使用价值。方法2001年8月～2005年4月收集38例胫骨平台骨折分别行X线片和螺旋CT三维重建影像检查,对照术中所见,分析比较螺旋CT三维重建影像在临床诊断和治疗中的作用。结果X线片检查2例无法明确诊断,骨折分型错误6例;螺旋CT三维重建诊断、分型均正确。X线片与螺旋CT三维重建影像在确立诊断方面未见明显差异,但在分型和指导治疗方面,螺旋CT三维重建影像明显优于前者。结论螺旋CT三维重建影像能直观、立体地显示胫骨平台骨折的形态,有助于骨折的分型及治疗。     

美施康定致尿潴留36例临床观察及护理

美施康定为晚期癌症病人第三阶梯麻醉镇痛药物 ,主要作用于中枢神经系统 ,因其作用持久 ,镇痛效果好 ,临床应用较广泛。我科自 1999年 5月— 2 0 0 3年 9月共有 194例癌症病人服用美施康定 ,其中 3 6例发生不同程度的排尿困难。我们根据其不同特点给予相应护理 ,均取得满意效果。现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组 3 6例 ,男 14例 ,女 2 2例。年龄 3 3岁～70岁 ,平均 5 2 .7岁。其中 ,胃癌 8例 ,肺癌 6例 ,乳腺癌 5例 ,食管癌 3例 ,肝癌 3例 ,肠癌 5例 ,淋巴瘤 4例 ,宫颈癌 2例。口服应用 2 4例 ,肛门填塞 12例。采用VAS疼痛评…     

Feeding practice of infants and their correlates in urban areas of Beijing, China

BACKGROUND: Optimal feeding practice in the first year of life is crucial for the survival and health of infants, and has long-term consequences in later life. However, non-optimal feeding practices exist widely. The present study aims to explore various constraints to optimal feeding practices in the first year of life of infants in urban areas of Beijing, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban areas of Beijing from 4 July to 20 August, 1998. Two hundred and fifty-one mothers of infants aged 6-12 months were chosen from six child health centers in three different urban districts in Beijing. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding feeding practices and potentially related factors. RESULTS: Feeding practice for most of the infants was in accordance with the national and international recommendations. However, the rate of incidence of exclusive breast-feeding at 3 months of age was lower than that recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) (55.8%), and the introduction of solid/semisolid food before 4 months of age was found in approximately 19.3% of the infants. Cow's milk was given to 21.2% of infants from 6 months of age as the sole source of milk or as a supplement. Maternal education level (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.42-4.19, P < 0.05), employment (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.13-3.74, P < 0.05) and antenatal nonexclusive breast-feeding plans (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.24-7.50, P < 0.001) were found to be correlated to inappropriate feeding practices. CONCLUSIONS: The feeding practices for most of the urban infants was found to be in accordance with the Chinese government and WHO recommendations; however, non-optimal feeding practices presenting as the early cessation of breast-feeding and the introduction of solid/semisolid foods existed. Information regarding optimal feeding practices should be disseminated to mothers and medical professionals in China, to ensure optimal infant health.