Management of congenital tracheal stenosis

Objectives: Congenital tracheal stenosis is a rare disease. Various methods for treatment exist but there is still much debate as to the appropriate surgical procedure. We present our surgical experiences of patch tracheoplasty and slide tracheoplasty as viable methods for the treatment of congenital tracheal stenosis. Methods: From 1994 to 2002, 13 patients were diagnosed with congenital tracheal stenosis. Eight patients (7 symptomatic and 1 asymptomatic) had their stenosis corrected, three by means of pericardial patch tracheoplasty, four by slide tracheoplasty, and one by resection and anastomosis. Concomitant operations were performed on six patients to treat congenital cardiovascular disease. Five patients showing no significant symptoms did not undergo tracheal surgery and received only cardiac procedures. A retrospective review of the hospital course, complications, and long-term results was conducted. Results: Among the patch tracheoplasty group, every patient suffered from granulation tissue formation. One patient died of respiratory acidosis and one was hospitalized due to recurrent granulation tissue, which required frequent bronchoscopy. The third patient from this group is free of all symptoms. Among the slide tracheoplasty group, one patient died of anastomosis disruption. The three remaining patients are alive and well. The one patient who received resection and anastomosis is alive without symptoms. Conclusions: Surgical repair of long-segment congenital tracheal stenosis exhibited high mortality and morbidity rates. Every patient that underwent pericardial patch tracheoplasty suffered from troublesome granulation tissue. As slide tracheoplasty provided relatively good results in the short and mid-term follow-up periods, it seems to be a preferred method for the treatment of long-segment congenital tracheal stenosis.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

Factors Affecting Cardiac Catheterization Rates in Elders with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background: Elder patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are less likely to receive cardiac catheterization. The reasons for this are unclear.
Objectives: To assess whether elder patients who had a documented history of dementia, lived in extended care facilities, or had do not intubate–do not resuscitate (DNR-DNI) advance directives were less likely to receive cardiac catheterization, despite having ACS with high-risk features.
Methods: This was a medical record review conducted at an urban teaching hospital. DNR-DNI status before hospitalization, extended care facility (nursing home or assisted living) residence, and a previous diagnosis of dementia were obtained from the medical record. Patients 65 years and older who presented to the emergency department with acute myocardial infarction or with unstable angina with ST segment deviation were included. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed, and odds ratios (ORs) were reported with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Of the 201 eligible patients, 66 (32.8%) patients did not undergo cardiac catheterization. In the univariate analysis, patients who had dementia, resided in extended care facilities, or were DNR-DNI were less likely to receive cardiac catheterization. Only extended care facility residence (OR, 0.18; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.83) and DNR-DNI status (OR, 0.19; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.92) remained significantly associated with decreased cardiac catheterization in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: Elder patients with ACS residing in extended care facilities or who are DNR-DNI are less likely to receive cardiac catheterization. Future studies concerning the quality of ACS care for elders should take these variables into account.     

输卵管积液影响体外培养胚胎质量的实验研究

目的：分析输卵管积液的形成及其化学成分，探讨输卵管积液对体外培养胚胎生长发育的影响及其机制。方法：建立输卵管积液动物模型，测定其成分；用不同浓度输卵管积液培养小鼠2-细胞胚胎，观察胚胎形态。结果：输卵管积认中K^ 、HCO3^-和表皮生长因子（EGF）含量明显低于输卵管液；pH值明显增高。输卵管积液组囊胚形成率和胚胎孵化率均明显低于输卵管液。结论：结扎兔输管两端能诱导输卵管积液形成；机械诱导的输卵管积液成分改变能影响早期胚胎的质量。     

改良内侧上颌骨切除术治疗21例鼻息肉病

目的:探讨鼻息肉病的可行性手术方法,以提高治疗效果。方法:21例鼻息肉病患者一侧行唇龈沟径路,保留下鼻甲的改良内侧上颌骨切除术(modifiedmedialmaxillectomy,MMM);另侧行单纯鼻息肉摘除和鼻内筛窦切除术,并作为对照组。结果:术后随访12～34个月,平均20个月;改良内侧上颌骨切除术侧未见复发,另侧复发6例,两组复发率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:改良内侧上颌骨切除术使鼻息肉病患者术后复发率显著降低,治疗效果显著,是一种可供选择的有效的治疗手段。     

尿毒症患者的性激素变化及其临床意义探讨

目的 :探讨女性尿毒症患者卵巢功能障碍的发病情况及其临床意义。方法 :应用酶免疫法 (EIA)测定了2 3例更年期前女性尿毒症非透析患者、15例透析患者及 2 9例健康献血者中促卵泡素 (FSH)、泌乳素 (PRL)、促黄体素 (LH)、雌二醇 (E2 )及孕酮 (P)的水平。结果 :尿毒症女患者PRL、FSH及LH均较健康对照组升高 ,而孕酮值显著降低 ,对此均有显著差异 ;且尿毒症女患者PRL升高、孕酮值降低与肾小球滤过率 (GFR)呈明显相关。透析患者较非透析患者PRL升高更为明显 ,孕酮值亦较非透析患者有所升高 ,但无显著意义。结论 :尿毒症女患者的排卵障碍及月经紊乱等都与尿毒症的严重程度相平行。透析并不能改善尿毒症女患者的卵巢功能障碍 ,只有纠正与改善肾功能 ,才能使尿毒症女患者的卵巢功能得以改善     

妇科恶性肿瘤术后骨质疏松症的防治

为探讨妇科恶性肿瘤术后骨质疏松症的预防措施,采用补充紫竹爱维和乐力胶囊来预防骨质疏松的发生,分别与未服药的妇科恶性肿瘤及良性肿瘤术后作对照,并对其对骨代谢指标血清骨性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)及血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)的影响进行了临床观察.结果发现恶性肿瘤术后较良性肿瘤术后患者的BALP降低,TRAP增高,服用紫竹爱维与乐力胶囊的患者TRAP均低于未服药的恶性肿瘤术后患者,P＜0.05,均有显著性差异.表明妇科恶性肿瘤术后患者较良性肿瘤更易患骨质疏松症,服用紫竹爱维与乐力胶囊均能有效防治骨质疏松症,前者效果更佳,但应掌握性激素补充治疗(HRT)的应用指征.     

兔心肌梗塞模型制备方法的改进及其在MRI中的应用

目的　对兔心肌缺血的模型制备方法进行改进 ,并探讨其在 MRI诊断研究中的价值。方法　分别采用高位结扎左冠状动脉前降支 (L AD)和同时低位结扎 L AD及左冠状动脉旋支 (L Cx)建立兔心肌梗塞模型 ,并在术后行 MRI检查 ,对取材后心肌标本行氯化三苯四氮唑 (TTC)及病理检查。结果　 1L AD组 2 0 % (5 / 2 5 )发生心室颤动导致死亡 ,L AD +L Cx组无一例发生室颤死亡。 2 L AD组 EKG改变明显者占 5 6 % (14 / 2 5 ) ,其中 2 1.4 3% (3/14 )在即刻就有 EKG明显改变 ,并在 30分钟后恢复正常 ;EKG改变不明显者占 4 4 % (11/ 2 5 ) ;L AD +L Cx组 10 0 %有 EKG明显改变 ,且 30分钟后亦无明显恢复。 3L AD组心肌梗塞范围较小 ,并均限于左室前壁 ,室间隔前部损害 ;而 L AD+L Cx组心肌梗塞范围较大 ,且累及左室前壁及侧壁 ,无一例有室间隔前部损害。4 L AD组中有 30 % (6 / 2 0 )不能显示小灶缺血局部心肌运动降低 ,16 .6 7% (3/ 18)无法分辨早期小梗塞灶的 MRI信号变化 ;而 L AD+L Cx组均能显示缺血局部心肌运动降低及梗塞灶早期的 MRI信号变化。结论　低位结扎兔心 L AD+L Cx,手术死亡率低 ,EKG改变明显 ,梗塞面积较大 ,是 MRI研究中一种较理想的心肌缺血动物模型制备方法。     

Ca^＋＋对链霉素抗原—抗体反应的抑制作用

为探讨临床中使用钙制剂抢救链霉素过敏休克病人有良好效果的原因,由被动血凝试验、被动皮肤过敏试验和ELISA法证实,Ca~( )可以抑制链霉素抗原-抗体的反应。这种抑制作用是通过Ca~( )链霉素抗原结合,封闭链霉素抗原决定簇来加以实现的。