基于肠-肾轴理论浅析膳食纤维对慢性肾病的影响

慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)可引起肠道菌群失调及肠道屏障功能受损,而肠道稳态的破坏有 利于肠源性毒素的产生及肠腔细菌、内毒素的易位,加重CKD的尿毒症毒性及全身性炎症。膳食纤维可靶向作用于 “肠-肾轴”,从而降低CKD的尿毒症毒素水平及减轻全身性炎症。膳食纤维有望成为治疗CKD的新策略。     

添加生长激素肠外营养对短肠大鼠代谢效应的影响

目的　研究单纯肠外营养 (PN)与添加生长激素 (GH)的PN对短肠大鼠的代谢作用。方法　建立PN短肠大鼠模型 ,随机分成普通肠外营养组 (STD组 )及添加GH的肠外营养组 (rhGH组 )。测各组大鼠每日体重及氮平衡 ,计算其累积氮平衡。实验结束后测各组织器官重量变化 ,并测大鼠总体水、脂肪及蛋白含量。结果　PN结束后rhGH组大鼠体重、每日氮平衡及累积氮平衡均显著高于STD组 ,P <0 .0 1。各器官重量分析显示rhGH组大鼠腓肠肌重量显著高于STD组 ,P <0 .0 5 ,但与对照组无明显差异。机体组成分析表明rhGH组大鼠总体蛋白及所占机体百分比较STD组显著升高 ,而总体脂肪则明显下降 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　PN时辅助添加rhGH具有显著的促代谢合成作用 ,蛋白合成增加是rhGH作用的显著特点。     

鼻咽癌茎突后间隙侵犯的临床意义探讨

目的 探讨鼻咽癌茎突后间隙侵犯的临床意义。方法 １９９２年１２月～１９９３年１２月１９８Ⅰ－Ⅳａ期鼻咽癌住院初治患者接受受根治性放射治疗。按茎突后间隙有无侵犯分为茎后侵犯组和茎后无侵犯组。应用Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ,Ｌｏｇ－Ｒａｎｋ及卡方检验等方法对两组患者５年生存率、局部控制率和无远处转移生存率进行分析和评价。结果两组患者口咽侵犯率分别为７２．１％和１６．８％（Ｐ〈０．００１）,后组颅神经侵犯     

抗凝血酶Ⅲ、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1在2型糖尿病肾病中的作用

目的:通过测定糖尿病肾病患者血中抗凝血酶(AT-Ⅲ)含量(AT-Ⅲ:Ag)、抗凝血酶活性(AT-Ⅲ:A)水平、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI-1)活性水平,并与正常人、糖尿病非肾病患者进行比较,分析研究与白蛋白排泄率(AER)的关系,以冀了解(1)AT-Ⅲ、PAI-1在糖尿病肾病中的状态,探讨它们在糖尿病肾病发病中的可能机理;(2)为临床预防和治疗糖尿病肾病提供理论依据和方法.方法:应用发色底物法测定血浆中PAI-1和AT-Ⅲ:A,应用免疫比浊法测定血清中AT-Ⅲ:Ag含量,应用放射免疫法测定AER.结果:(1)PAI-1、AT-Ⅲ:Ag、AG/A水平以糖尿病肾病组最高,依次为糖尿病非肾病组、对照组;AT-Ⅲ:A以对照组较高,糖尿病非肾病组次之,糖尿病肾病组水平最低;(2)相关性分析显示,糖尿病肾病组中PAI-1与AT-Ⅲ:A呈显著负相关,与Ag/A呈显著正相关,与AT-Ⅲ:Ag无相关,与AER呈显著正相关.AT-Ⅲ:Ag与AT-Ⅲ:A无相关,与Ag/A呈显著正相关.AT-Ⅲ:A与AER、Ag/A呈显著负相关.糖尿病非肾病组中PAI-1,AT-Ⅲ:A,AT-Ⅲ:Ag与Ag/A间的相关性同前.结论:(1)糖尿病存在着高凝、低纤溶状态,并发肾病时进一步加重;(2)AT-Ⅲ:A、PAI-1均与肾脏损害程度密切相关,二者互为关联,共同介导了糖尿病肾病的发生;(3)通过调节凝血、纤溶系统以达到新的动态平衡,有可能延缓或防止糖尿病肾病等微血管并发症的发生或发展.     

生长抑素对肝硬化食道胃底静脉曲张破裂出血作用的临床研究

目的 观察生长抑素制剂（施他宁、善得定）对于肝硬化食道胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的治疗效果,并与垂体后叶素进行比较。方法 ６４例患者随机分为垂体后叶素组（ｎ＝２１）、施他宁组（ｎ＝２０）、盖得定组（ｎ＝２３）进行治疗。结果 垂体后叶素组、施他宁组和善意得定组患者自接诊后至完全止血时的出血量,及接诊后至止血后４８小时生命 体征基本平稳时的输血量无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。各治疗组２４小时内的止血率均为８     

肝癌患者恶性疾病相关性DNA结合蛋白2的检测

The aim of this study was to assess the value of malignant disease-associated DNA-binding protein 2(MAD2) in the diagnosis of liver cancer. The concentration of plasma MAD2 was determined in 27 patients with primary liver cancer, 14 patients with metastatic liver cancer and 12 healthy subjects by ELISA assay. The primary tumors of all the patients with metastatic liver cancer were located in the gastrointestinal tract, which had been radically resected and had no signs of local recurrence. The concentrations of plasma MAD2 in the patients with primary liver cancer, with metastatic liver cancer, and the healthy subjects were 30.56 +/- 11.38 micrograms/ml, 9.27 +/- 5.58 micrograms/ml and 8.43 +/- 5.62 micrograms/ml, respectively. The concentration of MAD2 in patients with primary liver cancer was significantly higher than that in the patients with metastatic liver cancer and healthy subjects (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the healthy subjects and the patients with metastatic liver cancer(P > 0.05). These results suggest that MAD2 may be an useful marker for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer.     

CD44S和CD44V6在胃淋巴瘤中的表达及意义

目的：探讨ＣＤ４４Ｓ和ＣＤ４４Ｖ６在胃淋巴瘤中的表达特征及其临床意义。方法：采用ＨＥ染色、ＣＤ３、ＣＤ２０、ＣＤ４４Ｓ和ＣＤ４４Ｖ６的经法观察４７全。 低度恶 胃淋巴瘤中的阳性率为工恶生为６２％,差异显著（Ｐ＝０．０２）,ＣＤ４４Ｖ６在低度胃淋巴瘤中的阳性率为６％,高度恶性为３８％,差异显著（Ｐ＝０．０１）。ＣＤ４４Ｓ在临床１期的阳笥率为３０％,２～４期为７５％,差异显著（Ｐ－０－．００２）。结论     

Changes in tissue metals after cadmium intoxication and intervention with chlorpromazine in male rats

Cadmium(Cd),one of the most dangerous heavy metals,has a very similar ionic radius to calcium(Ca),The interference of cadmium in calcium homeostasis may play an important role in cadmium toxicity.Recent reports indicate that calmodulin(CaM) inhibitors such as trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine(CPZ) could protect rodents against cadmium toxicity,It was also reported that pretreatment of mice with zine(Zn)could reduce the adverse effects induced by cadmium.The aim of this study is to determine whether Cd changes the balance of other essential metals such as Zn and copper(Cu) in rat tissues,and whether CPZ can reverse these changes which are induced by cadmium intoxication.Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were injected intraperitoneally(ip) with cadmium chloride(CdCl2)(0.2,0.4,0.8mg Cd/kg body wight) alone and 0.4mg Cd/kg in association with CPZ(5mg/kg) daily for a week.The control animals were injected with normal saline only.The results showed that the cadmium content in the liver,kidney,and testis increased significantly with a dose-response relationship.Cadmium treatment markedly increased the Zn and Ca content in some of the tissues,Hepatic and renal metallothionein(MT) increased significantly after cadmium intoxication,CPZ treatment,howerver,reduced cadmium content in liver,but not blood and kidney.CPZ seemed to decrease the content of MT in liver and significantly increase the amounts of MT in kidney.These data suggest that the intervention of cadmium with tissue essential metals may play a role in cadium toxicity in rats,and calmodulin inhibitors to some extent can reduce the adverse effect of cadmium by decreasing the cadmium load in tissues and reversing the unbalance of essetial metals.     

血液透析治疗肾综合征出血热急性肾功能衰竭

目的 总结血液透析治疗肾综合征出血热急性肾功能衰竭２８例疗效。方法 用德国产的４００８Ｂ血透机。碳酸氢盐透板液,平均透析４次。结果 治愈率达到８６％,高于文献报道。结论 早期预防性透析是治疗成功的关键措施。     

针刺防治GE对豚鼠内耳损害的实验研究

目的 观察针刺对庆大霉素（ＧＥ）耳中毒豚鼠的防治作用。方法 用脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）和组织化学方法,检测动物耳聋程度及听神经功能的变化和耳蜗毛细胞酶活性的改变。结果 电针能降低ＧＥ引起的ＢＡＥＰ反应阈的上升幅度,降低ＢＡＥＰ波峰潜伏期及波间期的延长;能保护毛细胞线粒体呼吸酶的活性,维持毛细胞溶酶体的完整性。结论 针刺能降低ＧＥ的耳毒性。保护毛细胞线粒体酶的活性,维持溶酶体的完整性,保证毛细胞