丙氨酸氨基转移酶正常或轻度升高的慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒疗效的影响因素

目的探讨肝组织学、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）等因素与慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒疗效的相关性。 方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院2005至2010年住院行肝组织活检后抗病毒治疗的慢性HBV感染者共81例,采集患者抗病毒治疗基线人口学、生化学、病毒学及肝组织学结果并收集患者抗病毒治疗随访过程中病毒学指标动态下降情况,分析此类患者抗病毒治疗应答相关因素。 结果共纳入患者81例,其中男性60例;平均年龄36.5岁。肝组织学活检提示,肝脏炎症和纤维化≥ G2S2者54例（66.7%）;肝脏炎症和纤维化< G2S2者27例（33.3%）;治疗24周病毒学应答患者63例（77.8%）。肝组织学炎症或纤维化等级、ALT水平及患者平均年龄在抗病毒治疗应答组与无应答组差异均具有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。抗病毒药物类型[干扰素/核苷（酸）类似物]与患者病毒学应答无显著相关。 结论ALT持续正常或轻度异常（< 2 × ULN）的慢性乙型肝炎患者抗病毒疗效与患者肝组织学炎症/纤维化程度及ALT水平显著相关,建议此类患者行肝组织活检以评价抗病毒指征及预测抗病毒疗效。     

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of early-onset peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis: a multi-center retrospective study

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of early-onset peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (EOP). Methods Clinical data of patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) from 2013 to 2018 in four tertiary hospitals of Jilin province were collected retrospectively. According to whether the dialysis time of the first PDAP was ≤12 months or not, the subjects were divided into EOP group (≤12 months) and late-onset PDAP (LOP) group (＞12 months) , and clinical data, pathogenic bacteria, treatment outcomes of PDAP and prognosis of two groups were compared. Results A total of 575 patients were included, including 314 patients in the EOP group, with age of (56.53±15.57) years and 152 females (48.4%), and 261 patients in the LOP group, with age of (56.61±14.42) years old and 144 females (55.2%). Compared with LOP group, the proportion of pathogenic bacteria culture-negative in EOP group was higher and the proportion of streptococcal infection was lower (both P＜0.05). The initial treatment efficiency and cure rate of EOP group were higher than that of LOP group, while the extubation rate was lower than that of LOP group (all P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that the cure rate of EOP was 79% higher than that of LOP (OR=1.79, 95%CI 1.13-2.82, P=0.012), and the extubation rate of EOP was 68% lower than that of LOP (OR=0.32, 95%CI 0.15-0.66, P=0.002). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the cumulative rates of multiple PDAP, technical failure, all-cause death, and composite end points (technical failure or all-cause death) in EOP group were higher than those in LOP group (P≤0.001). After correcting for confounding factors by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression, the risk of multiple PDAP, technical failure, all-cause death, and composite endpoint (technical failure or all-cause death) in EOP group was 2.02 times (HR=2.02, 95%CI 1.26-3.24, P=0.004), 2.53 times (HR=2.53, 95%CI 1.58-4.05, P＜0.001), 2.66 times (HR=2.66, 95%CI 1.70-4.16, P＜0.001) and 2.48 times (HR=2.48, 95%CI 1.78-3.43, P＜0.001) of LOP group respectively. Conclusion The treatment outcome of the first PDAP of EOP patients is good, but the long-term prognosis is poor.     

Clinical application of 16-row multislice computed tomographic angiography in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms for surgical clipping

BACKGROUND: Sixteen-row multislice CTA has great potential for use in the studies of intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical application of 16-row multislice CTA in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms for surgical clipping. METHODS: A total of 42 patients (45 aneurysms) underwent surgery using titanium clips. The CTA was performed with a 16-row multislice CT machine; detector slice, 0.75 mm; reconstruction interval, 0.40 mm; and timing determined by bolus trigger. The neuroradiologist independently evaluated the shape, size, and location of aneurysms; the relationship to other structures; and the presence of neck remnants and patency of the parent artery after clipping on MIP images, VR imaging, and thin-slab MIP and VR images. RESULTS: Sixteen-slice CTA clearly provided the shape and location of aneurysms, the size of the sac and the neck, and the relationship of aneurysms to bone structures and adjacent branch vessels; and this information would help the neurosurgeons find aneurysms and clip them successfully. Three clipped aneurysms with neck remnants were identified by the 16-slice CTA, and the parent artery could be reliably evaluated close to the clip. CONCLUSION: Sixteen-slice CTA is a useful reference for patients undergoing surgical clipping of aneurysms and can provide much effective information to clipped aneurysms.     

腹腔镜胆道手术患者双管型喉罩通气的可行性

目的 探讨双管型喉罩（PLMA）用于腹腔镜胆道手术患者通气的可行性。方法 择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术或腹腔镜胆总管探查术患者80例，年龄21-63岁，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，随机分为PLMA组和气管导管（TT）组，每组40例。用纤维支气管镜观察PLMA的到位情况。记录患者插管时、插管后3min、拔管时和拔管后3min的平均动脉压和心率，间歇正压通气15min时和气腹15min时的气道峰压（Ppeak）、潮气量（Vτ）和呼气末CO2分压（PETCO2）。结果 两组的插管时间、间歇正压通气15min时和气腹15min时的Ppeak、VT、PETCO2差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组首次插管后通气成功率均为95％，纤维支气管镜确认PLMA首次正确到位率为87．5％。PLMA组插管时、插管后3min、拔管时和拔管后3min的平均动脉压和心率较TT组降低（P〈0．05或0．01）。拔管时TT组65％出现呛咳或挣扎反应，术后2、24h咽痛发生率分别为22．5％、25％，而PLMA组均无拔管反应和术后咽痛。结论 与气管导管相比，双管型喉罩操作简便，应激反应小，通气可靠，可避免术后咽喉部并发症。     

Suramin promotes recovery from renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice

Suramin is a polysulfonated naphthylurea originally designed as a treatment for trypanosomiasis; but that has also been used to treat rodent models of fulminant hepatic failure and focal brain ischemia. In this study, we determined the effects of suramin on renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in mice, in particular its effect when administered after renal injury has been established. Increasing concentrations of suramin were given 24 hours following reperfusion, a time when serum creatinine levels were at their highest level. This treatment improved renal function, as evidenced by decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine to control values and diminished histopathologic tubular damage. Suramin-treated animals had a significant reduction in apoptotic tubular cells and infiltrating leukocytes. There was also an increase of proliferating tubular cells following reperfusion compared to the number found in untreated animals. Our study shows that suramin promotes the recovery of renal function and has effective therapeutic applications when given after the occurrence of renal injury.     

CD147在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨CD147在甲状腺乳头状癌和周围正常甲状腺组织中的表达及意义.方法 采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测43对配对甲状腺乳头状癌组织和周围正常甲状腺组织中CD147的表达情况.结果 甲状腺乳头状癌组织中CD147 mRNA的表达量（0.96±0.04）明显高于周围正常甲状腺组织中的表达量（0.53±0.03）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.CD147蛋白在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达量（0.81±0.05）明显高于在周围正常甲状腺组织中的表达量（0.43±0.04）,同时在有淋巴结转移组（0.98±0.03）明显高于无淋巴结转移组（0.69±0.04）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 CD147在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中的表达量明显高于周围正常甲状腺组织,同时其与淋巴结转移密切相关 （P〈0.05）,而与性别、年龄、肿块大小无相关性（P〉0.05）.提示CD147与甲状腺乳头状癌的发生和发展密切相关.     

A novel distinguishing system for the diagnosis of malignant pancreatic cystic neoplasm

Purpose

To explore a simple and reliable non-invasive distinguishing system for the pre-operative evaluation of malignancy in pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN).

Methods

This study first enrolled an observation cohort of 102 consecutive PCN patients. Demographic information, results of laboratory examinations, and computed tomography (CT) presentations were recorded and analyzed to achieve a distinguishing model/system for malignancy. A group of 21 patients was then included to validate the model/system prospectively.

Results

Based on the 11 malignancy-related features identified by univariate analysis, a distinguishing model for malignancy in PCN was established by multivariate analysis: PCN malignant score = 2.967 × elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (≥6.16 mmol/L) ± 4.496 × asymmetrically thickened wall (or mural nodules ≥ 4 mm) ± 1.679 × septum thickening (≥2 mm) − 5.134. With the optimal cut-off value selected as −2.8 in reference to the Youden index, the proposed system for malignant PCN was established: septum thickening (>2 mm), asymmetrically thickened wall (or mural nodules > 4 mm), or elevated FBG (>6.16 mmol/L, accompanying commonly known malignant signs), the presence of at least one of these 3 features indicated malignancy in PCN. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of this system were 81.4%, 95.8% and 76.9%, respectively. MRI was performed on 32 patients, making correct prediction of malignancy explicitly in only 68.8% (22/32). The subsequent prospective validation study showed that the proposed distinguishing system had a predictive accuracy of 85.7% (18/21). Moreover, a higher model score, or aggregation of the features in the proposed system, indicated a higher grade of malignancy (carcinoma) in PCN.

Conclusion

Elevated FBG (>6.16 mmol/L), asymmetrically thickened wall (or mural nodules > 4 mm) and septum thickening (>2 mm) are of great value in differentiating the malignancy in PCN. The developed distinguishing system is reliable in the diagnosis of malignant PCN.     

呼吸内科不同区域下呼吸道感染耐药菌分布及耐药特征比较分析

目的：探索昆明医科大学第一附属医院呼吸内科不同区域[门诊、病房,呼吸重症监护病房（RIC U ）]下呼吸道感染耐药菌株的分布构成及耐药特征,为临床抗菌药物的合理应用提供依据。方法采用K‐B纸片扩散法和仪器法（VITEK‐TWO）,按照美国临床与实验室标准化研究所（CLSI）2010年版标准判读结果,对昆明医科大学第一附属医院呼吸科门诊、病房、RICU患者送检的痰液、肺泡灌洗液标本通过细菌培养鉴定及药敏试验分离出的480株耐药菌株,用WHONET5．6软件对检测数据进行分析。结果该医院呼吸门诊、病房、RICU下呼吸道感染耐药菌分布构成前4位均以革兰阴性菌为主。肺炎克雷伯菌对多数抗菌药物的耐药率大于30％,对庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、氨苄青霉素的耐药率大于50％,RIC U与呼吸科门诊和病房相比差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。亚胺培南、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、阿米卡星抗菌活性较强,其耐药率小于20％。大肠埃希菌对11种常用抗菌药物在呼吸科门诊、病房与RICU的耐药率相似。产超广谱β‐内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株的多重耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌株（P＜0．05）,产ESBLs菌株对亚胺培南耐药率小于10％。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、头孢吡肟、喹诺酮类、氨基糖甙类在呼吸科门诊和病房仍保持较高的抗菌活性,但RIIU的耐药率大于54％（ P＜0．05）。鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率在RIC U和病房明显高于呼吸科门诊,分别为70．4％、64．6％和46．2％。RIC U检出的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）对利福平耐药率明显高于呼吸科门诊和病房（P＜0．05）。结论呼吸科门诊、病房和RICU的耐药菌分布构成及耐药率均有明显差异,临床医师除了熟悉本地区耐药菌分布及耐药率监测情况外,还应掌握本单位各科室不同区域耐药菌的耐药率情况,才能正确有效合理应用抗菌药物。     

管型肠吻合器在直肠外科的新应用

目的：探讨及评价直肠中，下段占位性病灶，尤其是良性病变应用管型肠吻合器经肛切除的价值。方法：应用吻合器对21例距肛缘5－12cm直肠占位性病灶及病变经肛进行了切除。就手术方法，时间，复发及并发症等进行回顾分析。结果：手术时间平均38min。除1例管状绒毛状腺瘤术后早期吻合创缘出血，1例绒毛状腺瘤术后14个月复发外，无其它与本术式有关的并发症发生。结论：吻合器在直肠中，下段占位性病灶及病变在一定范围内经肛切除是可行的。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病病人围麻醉期胰岛素抵抗临床观察的探讨

目的 探讨Ⅱ型糖尿病病人围麻醉期胰岛素抵抗变化的机理及影响。方法 Ⅱ型糖尿病和非糖尿病病人各35例，在平衡麻醉下，各20例在麻醉前、手术开始后90min及拔出气管导管后测定血糖、血胰岛素，其中各10例测定红细胞膜胰岛素受体敏感性；另外15例测定葡萄糖代谢率(M值)。结果 Ⅱ型糖尿病病人术中、术后血糖(G)、血胰岛素(I)明显增高，G／I、胰岛素受体亲合力、M值明显降低。结论 在平衡麻醉下，手术使Ⅱ型糖尿病病人胰岛素受体敏感性下降，致使胰岛素抵抗加重，由此Ⅱ型糖尿病病人的葡萄糖利用率明显降低。