一本李时珍研究的佳作--《李时珍和蕲州》

<李时珍和蕲洲>一书为李时珍记念馆业务馆长、文博副研究员宋米锐先生积20余年之研究心得.     

长沙、上海、郑州、武汉中华按蚊对慈利、沔阳间日疟原虫易感性的交叉对比

来自不同疟疾疫区——长沙、上海、郑州、武汉四地区的中华按蚊,分别以羊膜饲血法感染湖南慈利或湖北沔阳两地区的间日疟原虫,交叉对比其易感性。七次实验共解剖饲血蚊541只。实验结果显示:以腺感染率和阳性腺指数为主要指标,四地区中华按蚊对间日疟原虫的易感性基本相似:两地区间日疟原虫对中华按蚊的感染力也大致相同。并讨论了可能影响人工感染率的几个因素。     

Membrane resealing in cultured rat septal neurons after neurite transection: evidence for enhancement by Ca(2+)-triggered protease activity and cytoskeletal disassembly

Neurites of cultured septal neurons were transected with a laser under sterile conditions, and the subsequent membrane resealing was assayed using a dye exclusion method. In agreement with findings in other preparations, Ca2+ enhanced resealing: in normal culture medium the percentage of lesioned neurons that resealed within 20-30 min after transection increased with increasing bath [Ca2+] over the range 10(-7) to 2 x 10(-3) M; about 75% of cells resealed in 2 mM Ca2+. Mn2+ and Sr2+ also enhanced resealing, but Mg2+ inhibited it. The percentage of resealing neurons was sensitive to agents known to alter the stability of cytoskeletal components. Agents that tend to disassemble microtubules and/or neurofilaments (e.g., colchicine, low-ionic-strength media) strongly promoted resealing, whereas treatments that tend to stabilize microtubules (taxol, Mg2+) inhibited resealing. Addition of exogenous proteases (papain, trypsin, or dispase) enhanced resealing, whereas inhibitors of cysteine proteases (including a specific inhibitor of calpain, a Ca-activated neutral protease) strongly inhibited resealing. Calmodulin inhibitors inhibited resealing, consistent with reports that calmodulin facilitates calpain-mediated proteolysis of fodrin, a component of the cortical cytoskeleton. Based on these results, we hypothesize that one of the major mechanisms involved in resealing is activation of endogenous proteases by Ca2+ entry into the injured neurite. The resulting changes in the cellular cytoskeleton might promote fusion and resealing of the cut ends of the plasma membrane by enhancing membrane mobility and/or by removing structures that normally prevent membrane-membrane contact.     

Targeting of "T" lymphocytes against human hepatoma cells by a bispecific monoclonal antibody: role of different lymphocyte subsets.

In an attempt to construct bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bimAbs) able to target cytotoxic T lymphocytes against human hepatoma cells, an HGPRT-deficient mutant of the Hepama-6 hybridoma, which produces an antihuman-hepatoma mAb, was directly fused with splenocytes from Balb/C mice immunized by a polyclonal cytotoxic T-cell line. Hybrid hybridomas were selected in HAT medium, and their supernatants were directly screened for the ability to induce IL-2-cultured cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill hepatoma cells in a 51Cr-release assay. The selected hybrid hybridoma, termed DQ-33, secretes a bimAb, which reacts with a CD3-associated determinant. When resting peripheral-blood lymphocytes were used as effector cells, virtually no cytolytic activity could be induced by DQ-33, whereas phytohemagglutinin-activated lymphocytes that had been expanded in vitro in IL-2-containing medium could be efficiently targeted against hepatoma cells. Targeting by DQ-33 bimAb was analyzed on different subsets of IL-2-cultured lymphocytes. It was evident that CD+4-8+ TCR alpha/beta+ and CD3+4-8-TCR gamma/delta+ lymphocytes were efficiently induced by bimAb to lyse human hepatoma cells, whereas no induction of cytolysis could be observed when CD3 + 4 + 8-TCR alpha/beta+ cells were used as effectors. DQ-33 bimAb was also able to induce lymphokine secretion (IL-2, GM-CSF and TNF-alpha) by all the different subsets of lymphocytes analyzed in the presence of target cells expressing the relevant antigen, independent of the expression of cytolytic activity.     

肾移植术后早期国产环孢素药动学的临床研究

目的:探讨肾移植受者术后早期服用国产环孢素的药动学变化特点。明确环孢素各时点血药浓度与时间曲线下面积(AUC)的相关关系。方法48例肾移植受者始服环孢素6mg/kg·d~(-1)1周后,按不同品种分环孢素组24例,赛斯平组14例及田可组10例,分别于服药即刻,服药后1、2、3、4、5、6、8、10、12h抽血查环孢素浓度(以C_0、C_1、C_2……C_(12)表示),比较不同品种药动学的变化特点。然后用逐步回归分析法计算环孢素的总体C_0、C_2、峰浓度C_(max),达峰时间(T_(max)),AUC以及各种指标的变异系数,并计算各浓度值与AUC的相关关系。结果三种国产环孢素在使用相同剂量时,C_0、C_2、C_(max)T_(max)及AUC差异均不显著,具有同质性。合并分析后,总体值C_0为(214.2±113.0)μg/L,总体C_(max)=C_2为(1048.0±378.7)μg/L,达峰时间(2.0±0.9)h,平均2h,AUC为(5106.4±1471.8)μg/(h·L)。抽血检测的10个时点浓度中,C_1、C_2、C_3、C_4、C_6、C_7与AUC的相关性有显著意义,其中C_2偏相关系数0.96最大,而变异系数(34.9％)相对较小。C_0不仅变异系数(52.8％)较大,且与AUC的相关性亦不显著。结论 国产环孢素总体峰浓度为C_2,与AUC具有较好的相关性,对AUC的变化影响大。可以将C_2作为临床一个常规的环孢素浓度监测指标。     

一种新型人TNFα对人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤的抗瘤作用

用人肝癌Ｂｅｌ７４０２瘤株建立了人肝癌裸鼠移植瘤模型，探讨新型重组人ＴＮＦａ对这种移植瘤的抗瘤作用，结果表明，ｒｈＴＦａＤ１１ａ和原型重组人ＴＮＦａ的抑瘤率在３０％左右时，后者后用的活性产闰数是前者的２倍；两者用量相同时，前者的抑产经比后者提高２３个百分     

“多叶咽宁口含液”中鞣酸含量测定方法探讨

对中药制剂“多叶咽宁口含液”中鞣酸（主要有效成分）的含量测定方法。采用酒石酸亚铁为显色剂的比色法测定其含量，其回收率达１００．４±０．３％（ｎ＝４）。该法准确、方便、重现性好，为新中药制剂“多叶咽宁口含液”质量控制提供了有效方法。     

诺氟沙星的吸附伏安法研究

在ｐＨ＝７．４９氨－氯化铵缓冲液中，诺氟沙星在滴汞电极上产生一灵敏的还原峰，峰电位为－１．５２Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）。在１．９８×１０（－７）～４．８８×１０（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间有良好的线性关系。本文对其极谱性质和电极过程进行了研究，用于诺氟沙星的测定，方法简便，结果准确、可靠。     

婴幼儿感染性腹泻25例临床分析

婴幼儿感染性腹泻是婴幼儿常见病之一，近年来在病原学方面有明显变迁，以致病性大肠杆菌感染多见，据我院儿科１９８９年的统计结果表明，大肠艾希氏菌和克雷伯氏菌感染明显上升，病程长，病情重，应引起重视，本文就１９８９年１年的婴幼儿感染性腹泻的发病机制与病原学进行了分析。     

运动训练对雄性大鼠垂体─性腺轴功能的影响

本研究通过使用自己制造的大鼠流动水游泳池，对雄性大鼠进行了６周递增负荷的游泳训练，以此来探讨运动训练对大鼠垂体－性腺轴功能的影响，结果显示：与安静对照大鼠相比，训练大鼠的一般状态较差，血清睾酮水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），血清睾酮／皮质酮比值平均降低了３０％以上；而血清ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ水平未见明显变化。通过对大鼠睾丸组织ＬＨ／ＣＧ受体的测定，显示运动训练虽未引起其最大结合量的改变，却能使其解离常数显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示此种训练可能通过降低睾丸ＬＨ／ＣＧ受体对垂体分泌ＬＨ的亲和力，从而影响睾酮的合成。