三尖瓣乳头肌移植的研究

目的;观察犬的三尖瓣乳头肌断裂后原位修复或异位修复后的组织愈合情况和功能状态,为临床工作提供实验依据。方法：将12条杂交犬随机等分为4组,A组：前乳头肌原位移植;B组：前乳头肌异位移植;C组：后乳头肌原位移植;D组;后乳头肌异位移植。分别于术前;术后、术后4周观察心脏瓣膜关闭情况,测量血流动力学指标并观察术后4周乳头肌的组织学变化。结果;4组犬术后血流动力学稳定,乳头肌原位或异位修复后组织愈合及瓣膜关闭良好。结论：乳头肌离断后无论原位或异位移植均能良好愈合,修复后的乳头肌功能良好。     

椎弓根螺钉系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的　分析椎弓根螺钉在胸腰椎骨折中的临床应用及疗效。方法　采用 3种椎弓根螺钉系统治疗 3 5例 ,随访 6个月～ 4年 ,平均 2年。结果　伤椎前缘平均高度由术前 4 2 %提高到术后93 5 % ,后缘由术前 94 %提高到术后 98% ,后凸角由术前 2 7 6°降低到术后 5 2°,椎管面积从术前69 %提高到术后 95 % ;神经功能按Frankel分级标准 ,较术前改善Ⅱ级以上。结论　椎弓根螺钉系统内固定是治疗胸腰段脊柱损伤的有效方法之一.     

腹腔镜切除急性胆囊炎32例报告

目的:总结腹腔镜下切除急性胆囊炎的临床经验。方法:行腹腔镜胆囊切除术125例,其中急性胆囊炎32例。结果:腹腔镜下5例逆行切除,27例顺行切除,全部放置引流,无1例中转手术,术后住院4～5d出院,结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术对急性胆囊炎患者不仅是一种可选择的术式,而且应是首先考虑的术式。     

无辅助切口腹腔镜技术治疗结直肠肿瘤

目的 研究一种无切口腹腔镜技术在高位直肠及乙状结肠肿瘤微创外科治疗中的可行性并初步探讨其临床应用价值.方法 对12例常规腹腔镜下高位直肠及乙状结肠肿瘤的离体标本进行研究,初步探索该新技术的适应证.并对2例应用该技术的手术病例进行临床资料的分析,通过随访了解其长短期并发症情况.结果 12例连续的高位直肠及乙状结肠离体标本中腺瘤1例、腺癌11例,其中腺瘤病例和4例腺癌病例可在离体标本水平成功模拟该新技术.在初步明确无切口腹腔镜技术的适应证后,成功将该术式应用于1例高位直肠巨大绒毛状腺瘤伴局部癌变病例及1例乙状结肠腺癌病例的微创治疗中.平均手术时间为200 min,平均术中出血量为75 ml,平均肠功能恢复时间为1.5 d,术后平均随访14个月,无任何长短期并发症.结论 无切口腹腔镜技术符合肿瘤根治的原则,在符合适应证的病例中安全可行.与传统术式相比该技术可以简化手术环节,进一步减小创伤,节省手术费用.     

The difficult choice between total and proximal gastrectomy in proximal early gastric cancer

Background

Surgical results including postoperative complications, prognoses, body weight changes, and nutritional statuses were compared in patients with early gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach who were treated by total gastrectomy or proximal gastrectomy.

Methods

The authors reviewed clinicopathologic features, postoperative complications, survivals, body weight changes, and biochemical markers after surgery in 423 patients who underwent total or proximal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach.

Results

The proximal gastrectomy group (n = 89) had smaller tumors, shorter resection margins, and smaller numbers of retrieved lymph nodes than the total gastrectomy group (n = 334). N stages and 5-year survival rates were similar after total and proximal gastrectomy. Postoperative complication rates after total gastrectomy and proximal gastrectomy were 12.6% and 61.8%, respectively, which was significant (P < .001). Rates of anastomotic stenosis and reflux esophagitis were 6.9% and 1.8% after total gastrectomy and 38.2% and 29.2% after proximal gastrectomy, respectively. The parameters that reflect nutritional status (ie, body weight, serum hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, glucose, and cholesterol) were similar in the proximal and total gastrectomy groups at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

Although the surgical safeties and curabilities of proximal and total gastrectomy were similar, proximal gastrectomy was found to be associated with a markedly higher rate of complications such as anastomotic stenosis and reflux esophagitis and to provide no benefit in terms of postoperative weight loss. The authors conclude that proximal gastrectomy is not a better option for upper-third early gastric cancer than total gastrectomy.     

TGF-β1修饰的未成熟树突状细胞对大鼠移植小肠细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨经TGF-β1修饰的未成熟树突状细胞(imDC)预处理大鼠小肠移植受体后移植肠细胞凋亡的变化及意义.方法 选用近交系F344/N和BN大鼠建立全小肠异位移植模型,分4组,每组24只.A组:同基因移植组(BN→BN);B组:异基因移植组(F344/N→BN);C组:F344/N→BN异基因移植+TGF-β1基因转染imDC;D组:F344/N→BN异基因移植+TGF-β1基因转染imDC+FK506.术后3、5、7 d各处死6只,取出移植肠.行免疫组化检测Bcl-2和Bax表达,TUNEL及电镜观察细胞凋亡.同期进行移植肠组织病理学检查.结果 C组中Bcl-2在术后有轻度下降,而Bax的表达则略有升高,但明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);D组术后Bcl-2及Bax的表达与A组无明显差异.C组的凋亡细胞数在术后逐渐增加,但数量始终较少,与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);D组仅见少量凋亡细胞.结论 经TGF-β1基因转染的imDC预处理受体可以抑制细胞凋亡,从而减轻小肠移植术后急性排斥反应的程度.     

Experiences of laparoscopic liver resection including lesions in the posterosuperior segments of the liver

Background  There is a growing interest in laparoscopic liver resection because of its minimal invasiveness, the increased experience with laparoscopic procedures, and the advances of the laparoscopic devices. The authors describe their experience with laparoscopic liver resection, including its use for lesions in the posterosuperior segments of the liver (segments 1, 7, and 8, and the superior part of segment 4). Methods  A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 128 patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection between January 2004 and December 2007. The patients were classified into two groups according to the location of the lesion: the anterolateral (AL) group (n = 92) and the posterosuperior (PS) group (n = 36). Results  The study enrolled 76 men and 52 women with a mean age of 57 years. The indications for resection were hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 57), hepatolithiasis (n = 39), liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (n = 21), and benign liver tumor (n = 11). There were no differences between the groups in terms of preoperative patient demographic characteristics or indications for liver resection. Major liver resection was performed more frequently for the PS group than for the AL group (p < 0.001). The mean operative time and the rate of intraoperative transfusion were significantly greater in the PS group than in the AL group (p = 0.009 and 0.015, respectively). However, the mean postoperative hospital stay and the complication rate were similar in the two groups (p = 0.345 and 0.733, respectively). Four patients underwent conversion to open hepatectomy (3.1%), with no difference in the rate of conversion between the two groups (p = 0.323). The complication rate was 18%, and all the patients were managed conservatively without the need for additional surgery. Conclusions  Laparoscopic liver resection, including that for lesions in the posterosuperior part of the liver, is technically feasible and safe. This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A060299).     

The flavonoid quercetin induces apoptosis and inhibits migration through a MAPK-dependent mechanism in osteoblasts

The present study was undertaken to evaluate effects of quercetin, a major dietary flavonoid occurring in foods of plant origin, on cell viability and migration of osteoblastic cells. Quercetin inhibited cell viability, which was largely attributed to apoptosis, in a dose-and time-dependent manner in osteoblastic cells. Similar cytotoxicity of quercetin was observed in adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Quercetin exerted a protective effect against H₂O₂-induced cell death, whereas it increased TNF-α-induced cell death. Western blot analysis showed that quercetin induced activation of ERK and p38, but not JNK. Quercetin-induced cell death was prevented by the ERK inhibitor PD98059, but not by inhibitors of p38 and JNK. Quercetin increased Bax expression and caused depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, which were inhibited by PD98059. Quercetin induced caspase-3 activation, and the quercetininduced cell death was prevented by caspase inhibitors. Quercetin inhibited cell migration, and its effect was prevented by inhibitors of ERK and p38. Taken together, these findings suggest that quercetin induces apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent mechanism involving ERK activation and inhibits migration through activation of ERK and p38 pathways. Quercetin may exert both protective and deleterious effects in bone repair.     

Proteomic analysis to identify biomarker proteins in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fifth most common cause of death from cancer in Korea. PDAC is difficult to diagnose at an early stage and even more difficult to cure. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify molecular targets for early diagnosis and effective treatment. The objectives of this study were to identify differentially expressed biomarker proteins of PDAC using proteomic analysis, to validate the identified biomarker proteins associated with carcinogenesis using western blot analysis and to evaluate clinical factors influencing expression of candidate biomarker proteins. Methods: In the present study, we carried out proteomic analysis in 10 pairs of PDAC specimens with matching adjacent normal tissues to clarify the different patterns of protein expression. The proteins were separated by high‐resolution 2‐D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). Differential expression of candidate biomarker proteins associated with carcinogenesis was further validated using western blot analysis. Standard statistical analysis was carried out in an attempt to establish a correlation between clinical variables and expression of candidate biomarker proteins. Results: Analysis of PDAC and the adjacent normal tissues showed reproducibly similar proteomic patterns for each group. Approximately 700 spots each were seen by silver‐stained gels from both PDAC and normal tissues. Differentially expressed protein spots were gel digested and identified by MALDI‐TOF MS. Twenty‐five proteins were identified, of which five proteins (galectin‐1, enolase‐2, α‐1‐antitrypsin, N‐myc interactor, peroxiredoxin‐4) were previously reported as being differentially expressed either at the mRNA level or protein level in human cancer. The five proteins were selected for candidate biomarker proteins related to carcinogenesis. These proteins were further validated by western blot analysis. Among the candidate biomarker proteins, galectin‐1 expression was highly correlated to histology (P = 0.019), T stage (P = 0.047), N stage (P = 0.033) and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P = 0.011). Conclusion: Differentially expressed 25 proteins in PDAC were identified using proteomic analysis and five proteins related to carcinogenesis were validated by western blot analysis. galectin‐1 expression was highly correlated to tumour histology and stage.     

R2: identification of renal potential progenitor/stem cells that participate in the renal regeneration processes of kidney allograft fibrosis

Aim: Many strategies are explored to ameliorate kidney allograft tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF), but little progress has been achieved. The latest evidence suggested that CD133+ cell in kidney represent a potential multipotent adult resident stem cell population that may contribute to the renal injury repair. Here we investigate whether the CD133+ cells exist in transplanted renal and exert a growth and self-repair procedure in TA/IF. Methods: Allografts from rat kidney transplant models were harvested at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post transplantation. We performed immunohistochemistry to detect the CD133+ cells and immunofluorescence to detect the co-expression of CD133 or Pax-2 with Ki-67. We furthermore analysed the E-cadherin using serial sections. Results: CD133+ cells were seldom seen in control kidney, but distributed sporadically in the cortex parenchyma along with the deterioration of TA/IF. The number of CD133+ cell increased after 4 weeks and reached the peak at 8 weeks, then decreased at 12 weeks. From 8 weeks, some new tubules expressing E-cadherin were constructed with CD133+ cells. Almost all the CD133+ cells were Ki-67-positive, but not all the Ki-67+ cells expressed CD133. The rest Ki-67+ cells almost expressed Pax-2. Conclusion: Our study reveals that when majority of the tubules are damaged, a self-repair mechanism is evoked by potential adult stem cells to compensate the renal function. Thus, potential adult resident stem cells offer a new avenue for autologous cell therapies in TA/IF.