Endoscopic closure of fetal membrane defects: comparing iatrogenic versus spontaneous rupture cases.

OBJECTIVE: Currently, physicians manage preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) by expectant management or termination of the gestation. A therapy aimed at sealing membranes would be optimal to maintain the pregnancy and achieve a normal neonate. Our objective was to compare an endoscopic technique for intrauterine closure of fetal membrane defects after both iatrogenic and spontaneous rupture of membranes. METHODS: Our technique was performed on four patients experiencing PPROM spontaneously and four patients after genetic amniocentesis. Intrauterine endoscopy allowed direct visualization of membrane defects. Rapid sequential injections of platelets, fibrin glue and powdered collagen slurry were administered at the site of the defect and of trocar placement. Sonography for amniotic fluid index, nitrazine and fern testing and pad count were performed after each procedure at three intervals: immediately post-procedure, and after 24 and 48 h. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent endoscopic intrauterine sealing of ruptured membranes between 16 and 24 weeks of gestation: four were spontaneous ruptures and four were ruptures post-amniocentesis. In the post-amniocentesis group, three patients delivered viable infants at 26, 32 and 34 weeks. In one patient, the membranes ruptured again 12 h after the sealing procedure and she decided to undergo termination of pregnancy. Of the four spontaneous rupture patients, two experienced preterm labor and delivery within 2 days of the procedure. One patient was diagnosed with fetal demise 12 h post-procedure, and one patient delivered a neonate at 31 weeks of gestation with severe respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This technique for sealing ruptured membranes is effective after amniocentesis, but may not be of benefit with spontaneous rupture.     

Bilateral eventration of the diaphragm with perforated gastric volvulus in an adolescent

Bilateral congenital eventration of the diaphragm almost uniformly presents in infancy with respiratory compromise and is associated with a high mortality rate. Delayed presentation of diaphragmatic eventration in older children and adults may be associated with acute gastric volvulus. Thus, any patient with abdominal pain, vomiting, or nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms in association with abnormal diaphragmatic findings on chest x-ray should undergo further diagnostic workup with upper gastrointestinal series or computed tomography (CT) scan. Treatment of gastric volvulus requires immediate surgical repair to prevent subsequent necrosis and perforation. The authors describe a case report of bilateral congenital diaphragmatic eventration complicated by a perforated gastric volvulus in a 13-year-old boy. Emergent reduction of the volvulus, closure of the perforated stomach, plication of the diaphragm, and placement of gastrostomy was performed successfully.     

Tailgut cyst in a neonate

Tailgut cyst is a rare lesion of developmental origin located in the retrorectal space, which usually presents as a multilocular cystic mass. It is usually found in adults, and neonatal cases are extremely rare. The authors report a tailgut cyst in a neonate that was found by prenatal ultrasonogram, which was like a teratoma in gross appearance.     

妊娠期糖尿病对母婴影响的临床分析

目的探讨早期诊断妊娠糖尿病(GDM)对母婴的影响。方法回顾分析2001年6月~2005年6月期间GDM患者45例和正常妊娠组40例的妊娠结局。结果GDM组中各种病理妊娠的发生率、手术产率以及各种胎婴儿并发症的发生率均明显高于正常孕妇组,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期诊断GDM及控制血糖是减少母婴并发症的关键。     

下咽癌120例临床疗效的回顾性分析

目的探讨下咽癌单纯手术、术后放疗和术后放疗 化疗的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析1979年2月~2002年10月收治的下咽癌120例。单纯手术组(简称S组)30例,术后放疗组(简称S R组)60例,术后放疗和化疗组(简称S R C组)30例。随访中位时间42.7个月。结果根据Kaplan-Meier方法统计S组、S R组、S R C组3、5年生存率分别为34.9%、30.4%,47.5%、42.9%,56.1%、47.3%。S组3、5年生存率和S R组及S R C组3、5年生存率存在显著性差异(χ2=8.87,P=0.003,χ2=4.74,P=0.029,χ2=11.47,P=0.009,χ2=13.22,P=0.001),S R组和S R C组3年生存率存在显著性差异(χ2=3.42,P=0.047),S R组和S R C组5年生存率差异无显著性(χ2=2.60,P=0.279)。结论术后放疗明显提高了下咽癌3、5年生存率,应该成为下咽癌首选的治疗方法。合并化疗的综合治疗未能明显提高下咽癌5年生存率。     

腹膜透析相关性感染状况及预后分析

目的:了解腹膜透析(PD)相关性腹膜炎、隧道感染的菌种及预后.方法:统计腹透患者腹膜炎及隧道感染的发生率、细菌种类、治疗效果和预后.结果:自2000年始至今收住的46例腹透患者共发生腹透相关性腹膜炎27人次,病原菌以金黄色葡萄葡球菌(37.0%)和表皮葡萄球菌(25.9%)为主,隧道感染7人次(3例金葡菌、2例绿脓杆菌、1例表葡菌、1例大肠杆菌).经治疗,25人次腹膜炎治愈,2例因严重的霉菌性腹膜炎而拔管,6人次隧道感染治愈,1例绿脓杆菌感染合并腹膜炎未愈而拔管.结论:感染的病原菌种类影响预后.     

NRAMP1基因INT4和3’UTR位点多态性与肺结核易感性的研究

目的 探讨人类自然抵抗相关巨噬细胞蛋白1（NRAMP1）基因INT4和3＇UTR位点多态性与中国北方汉族成人肺结核发病的关系.方法 采用1：1配对的病例对照研究设计,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法检测NRAMP1基因中INT4和3＇UTR两个多态性位点,对与肺结核相关的危险因素进行问卷调查,进行单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析,同时对基因型与肺结核病变的性质和程度进行研究.结果 对124对研究对象进行了INT4和3＇UTR两个多态性位点的基因分型,3＇UTR TGTG＋/del基因型病例组频率显著高于对照组,粗OR值（95%CI）为2.923（1.557～5.487）.病例组和对照组INT4各基因型频率比较差异均无统计学意义.对17个环境危险因素进行了单因素分析,在多因素分析中调整卡痕、体重指数、人均居住面积、家族史4个因素后,3＇UTR TGTG＋/del基因型仍与肺结核显著相关,调整OR值（95%CI）为2.955（1.369～6.381）.在INT4不同基因型中,病例组和对照组肺结核病变性质差异具有统计学意义（x2=9.634,P＜0.05）.结论 NRAMP1基因3＇UTR位点多态性可能是中国北方汉族成人肺结核的易感因素,而INT4多态性可能与肺结核的病变性质有关系.     

工作场所空气中奥克托今高效液相色谱测定方法研究

目的：建立工作场所空气中奥克托今的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法：按照《工作场所空气中毒物检测方法的研制规范》的要求，进行实验室试验和验证试验及现场应用试验。结果：方法的检测限为0．81μg／ml（进样10μl洗脱液），最低检出浓度为0．017mg／m^3（以采集240L空气样品计）。当HMX含量为0—200．0μg／ml时，标准曲线线性关系良好。相关系数r=0．9999．高、中、低3个浓度的样品，6次重复测定，相对标准偏差为0．12％，1．30％，洗脱效率为94．88％～104．75％，方法的回收率为94．27％～102．05％，样品在室温至少可保存14d，奥克托今浓度为0．12，39，82mg／m^3，采样效率为91．20％～100．00％，工作场所空气中与奥克托今共存的三硝基甲苯、黑索今、二硝基甲苯，对奥克托今测定无干扰。结论：本方法各项指标达到《工作场所空气中毒物检测方法的研制规范》的要求，适用于工作场所空气中奥克托今的现场监测及样品纯度的检测。     

胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力远期疗效及影响因素分析

目的 报道胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力的远期疗效并对影响远期效果的若干因素进行多因素分析。方法 回顾1995年1月至1999年12月行胸腺切除的154例重症肌无力患者的病史资料及随访结果，通过logistic回归对性别、年龄、术前病程、改良Osserman分型、Besinger评分、胸腺病理、术前激素用量、AchRab和PsmRab水平等因素对术后疗效的影响进行多因素分析。结果 中位随访期为7．3（5．3—10．0）年。2例患者在随访期内死亡。152例存活患者在末次随访时有12例（7．9％）达到完全缓解，116例（76．3％）达到部分缓解，12例（7．9％）病情稳定，12例（7．9％）病情加重，总有效率为84．2％。Logistic回归分析表明Besinger评分（回归系数=0．057，P=0．020）和胸腺病理（回归系数=-1．559，P=0．012）与远期疗效显著相关，Besinger评分较高或不伴有胸腺瘤的患者预后较好。结论 胸腺切除是治疗重症肌无力的有效手段，Besinger评分和胸腺病理是远期疗效的独立预后因素，Besinger评分较高或不伴有胸腺瘤的患者预后较好。改良Osserman分型与预后的关系需要进一步研究。