Cigarette smoke toxicants alter growth and survival of cultured mammalian cells.

Our purpose was to determine the effects of six cigarette toxicants (pyridine, nicotine, 2-ethylpyridine, 3-ethylpyridine, p-cresol, and pyrazine) on three types of cultured mammalian cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVECs], human microvascular endothelial cells [HMVECs], and NIH 3T3 cells) using a cell proliferation/survival assay. Synchronized cells were cultured in proliferation or survival medium containing various doses (10(-18)M-10(-2)M) of the tested chemicals. After 48 h, cells were counted using a hemacytometer. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL), lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL), and the efficacy were determined for each compound in the cell proliferation and survival assays. Pyridine and p-cresol did not show significant effects with any cell types, except at high doses. Derivitization of the pyridine ring altered its potency, especially when an ethyl group or nitrogen was added. In survival medium, nicotine stimulated proliferation of all three cell types at doses found in smoker's serum (10(-8)M-10(-7)M). For HUVEC and HMVEC, 2-ethylpyridine, 3-ethylpyridine, and pyrazine inhibited proliferation in proliferation medium and induced cell death in survival medium at attomolar and femtomolar doses. All chemicals, except pyridine and pyrazine, stimulated NIH 3T3 cell proliferation at low doses and induced cell death at high doses. LOAELs and efficacies revealed that endothelial cells from a developing organ (umbilical cord) were more sensitive to these chemicals than endothelial cells from an adult organ (lung). 3-Ethylpyridine and pyrazine, which induced cell death at low doses, are added to consumer products and should be subjected to further toxicological testing.     

快速眼动睡眠剥夺后大鼠脑内神经元骨架蛋白及超微结构的变化

目的探讨经历不同时间快速眼动（REM）睡眠剥夺对大鼠皮质及海马各区神经元形态结构的影响。方法选择微管相关蛋白（MAP2）和神经丝（NF）作为正常神经元结构的标识物，利用免疫组织化学法和Western blot技术观察REM睡眠剥夺1、3、5、7 d4个时间点大鼠皮质及海马MAP2和NF表达的时空变化规律。同时运用电镜技术观察睡眠剥夺后神经元超微结构的变化。我们的实验是用改良的多平台睡眠剥夺模型进行REM睡眠剥夺，结合免疫组织化学染色技术和蛋白质电泳以及电镜超微结构分析。结果REM睡眠剥夺后5d大鼠皮质、海马CA1及齿状回神经元结构蛋白MAP2和NF表达较对照组明显减少（P〈0．05）；电镜神经元核仁偏位，胞质中出现少量肿胀的线粒体和内质网；部分神经轴突的髓鞘溶解与浓集。环境对照组、REM睡眠剥夺5d和7d组，皮质中超微结构改变的神经元所占比例分别为1．2％、3．6％和5．8％。结论REM睡眠剥夺能够导致大鼠脑内神经元的超微结构发生异常变化。     

转化生长因子-β抑制剂Decorin抗眼结膜滤过泡瘢痕形成的实验研究

目的　探讨Decorin抑制结膜下瘢痕形成的作用机制并为临床应用提供理论依据。方法　新西兰大白兔分为Decorin组、磷酸盐缓冲液 (PBS)组、正常对照组。在滤过术后第 7,14,3 0天 ,应用链酶亲和素免疫组织化学法 (SABC法 )检测各组在结膜滤过泡中转化生长因子 - β1(TGF- β1)和转化生长因子 - βⅠ型受体 (TGF - βRⅠ )的含量 ;应用天狼星玫瑰红 -偏振光法检测各组Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的含量。　结果　PBS组结膜滤过泡中TGF - β1、TGF - βRⅠ免疫组化染色和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原染色呈强阳性表达 ,第 3 0天明显比第 7天增强 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;Decorin组结膜滤过泡中TGF - β1、TGF - βRⅠ免疫组化染色和Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原染色呈弱阳性表达 ,相同时相点比较 ,Decorin组比PBS组明显呈弱表达 (P <0 .0 1)。Decorin可使滤过泡瘢痕中TGF - β1和TGF - βRⅠ活性降低 ,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的含量减少。　结论　Decorin可作为抑制滤过泡瘢痕形成的辅助药物     

神经导航下经岩骨幕上下联合入路中面神经管的解剖研究

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of neuronavigation in the transpetroal approach, and to provide anatomic data for the protection of the nerves in the facial nerve canal (FNC) during surgeries. METHODS: Simulated surgery through the transpetroal approach was performed on 16 sides of 8 adult cadaver heads with the assistance by neuronavigation. The anatomy of the facial nerve and the relationship of related structures were observed and the distances from the utmost external edge of the mastoid to different segments of the FNC were measured. RESULTS: Neuronavigation was successful with all the FNC, with the mean error of less than 0.9 mm. The FNC could be divided into 3 segments, the labyrinthine, the tympanic and the mastoid segments, stretching 3.6+/-1.2 mm, 11.2+/-2.5 mm and 16.1+/-3.6 mm respectively and with diameters of 1.2+/-0.3 mm, 1.4+/-0.1 mm and 1.7+/-0.2 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neuronavigation may help protect the FNC during surgical procedures, and a thorough knowledge of the anatomic features of the FNC can be significant for preservation of the facial nerves.     

EEG findings in the persistent vegetative state.

The definition of the persistent vegetative state (PVS) is relatively straightforward, but its diagnosis can be challenging. We reviewed a series of EEG performed in patients with PVS to assess the diagnostic value of EEG. We reviewed records of all hospital patients with a diagnosis of persistent vegetative PVS. EEG findings included normal, continuous generalized slowing, intermittent generalized slowing, background slowing, background suppression, alpha, generalized periodic pattern, PLEDS, and triphasic waves. EEG findings had no association with etiology and varied from one pattern to another in the same patients' EEGs obtained at different times (see table). We conclude that EEG findings in PVS are heterogeneous and too variable to be of diagnostic value.     

处女膜修补手术及麻醉方法的改进

目的；增大处女膜粘膜瓣的接触面，减少因麻醉造成的处女膜粘膜水肿，提高修复手术的成功率。方法：手术全部采用1％的卡因行粘膜表面麻醉。53例采用瓦合粘膜瓣法，3例用瓦合粘膜瓣联合阴道粘膜瓣修复法。结果：56例术后一月随访，53例处女膜孔径为一指，成功率94．64％。结论：采用1％的卡因粘膜表面麻醉，瓦合粘膜瓣法及瓦合粘膜联合阴道粘膜瓣修复法对处女膜修复是行之有效的。     

城市社区老年护理方案

概述了城市社区老年护理的需求及现状,并从建立社区健康卡,进行健康教育与咨询、心理护理,发挥社区医院、地段医院的作用,建立家庭护理单元等叙述了城市社区老年护理的措施,并展望了城市社区老年护理发展方向。     

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral haematoma.

We report a rare chronic encapsulated intracerebral haematoma (CEICH). A 52-year-old man had two seizures. Unenhanced computed tomography scanning of the head revealed a hypodense tumour with clusters of calcification in the left temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a left temporal tumour with a hypointense centre and hyperintense periphery on T(1)-weighted imaging and heterogeneous hypointensity on T(2)-weighted imaging. The tumour was heterogeneously enhanced after gadolinium injection. Craniotomy was carried out and a CEICH in the left temporal lobe was completely excised. No vascular anomaly was found. The tumour was histologically confirmed to be a CEICH. The patient recovered well after the operation. In this report, we describe this rare case and discuss the characteristics of CEICH.     

持续靶控输注异丙酚复合硬膜外麻醉用于上腹部手术探讨

目的:评价持续靶控输注异丙酚复合硬膜外阻滞有用于上腹部手术的可行性。方法:30例胃癌手术患者,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级。随机分成靶控输注异丙酚全麻(T)组15例,靶控异丙酚复合硬膜外阻滞(T+E)组15例。结果:(T+E)组术后躁动、芬太尼、丙泊酚的用量低于(T)组(P<0.05)。异丙酚单位标准化剂量亦较低。两组苏醒时间相似。诱导后两组血压均显著下降(P<0.05),T+E组在诱导后DBP的下降幅度较T组更为显著(P<0.05),T组在探查、术毕、拨管后的SBP、DBP、MAP比(T+E)组显著增高(P<0.05)。两组诱导后至术毕BIS、SEF显著下降,两组间的比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:靶控输注异丙酚复合硬膜外阻滞用于上腹部手术是可行的,具有异丙酚、芬太尼的用量少、苏醒快、术后躁动少,麻醉深度易于调控,血液动力学较稳定,是一种良好的麻醉方式。