Long term outcome of elective day case percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable angina

Patients undergoing elective PCI are traditionally admitted overnight, however day case PCI cuts costs and has been proposed as a safe method for selected patients. We evaluated the success and long term clinical outcomes of day case percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for outpatients with stable angina.In total, 484 consecutive patients treated over a five year period with planned day case PCI were studied and followed up for 12 months. Successful PCI with same day discharge was performed in 463 patients (95.7%). There were 21 patients (4.3%) who required hospital admission. Reasons for failed discharge were hematoma formation (n = 7, 1.4%), coronary dissection (n = 4, 0.8%), post-procedural chest pain (n = 3, 0.6%), prolonged procedure (n = 2, 0.4%), and 1 each of acute stent thrombosis, coronary perforation, anaphylaxis, minor drug reaction and a functional study for untreated disease. One year follow up was complete for 439/484 (90.7%). At 12 months there were 6 hospitalizations for angina (1.2%, 95% CI 0.6–3.0%), 20 repeat revascularisations (4.1%, 95% CI 2.7–6.3%), 3 myocardial infarctions (0.6%, 95% CI 0.2–2.1%) and 2 deaths (0.4%, 95% CI 0.1–1.6%). Event free survival at 1 year follow up was 93.6% (95% CI 90.7–95.6%).Selecting patients for day case PCI is safe, and can achieve a high rate of success with excellent long term outcomes.     

Chemical resistance of the gram-negative bacteria to different sanitizers in a water purification system

Background  

Purified water for pharmaceutical purposes must be free of microbial contamination and pyrogens. Even with the additional sanitary and disinfecting treatments applied to the system (sequential operational stages), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas picketti, Flavobacterium aureum, Acinetobacter lowffi and Pseudomonas diminuta were isolated and identified from a thirteen-stage purification system. To evaluate the efficacy of the chemical agents used in the disinfecting process along with those used to adjust chemical characteristics of the system, over the identified bacteria, the kinetic parameter of killing time (D-value) necessary to inactivate 90% of the initial bioburden (decimal reduction time) was experimentally determined.     

Neutrophil activation and production of reactive oxygen species in pre-eclampsia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation and subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pre-eclampsia. DESIGN: Baseline values and the activated response of neutrophils upon stimulation of the NADPH oxidase with the agonists was measured. Neutrophils from 17 third-trimester pre-eclamptic and 17 age- and gestation-matched normal pregnant women were examined. METHODS: Neutrophil ROS production was measured by both lucigenin- and luminol-derived chemiluminescence. The abundance of the various phox proteins was examined using Western blotting techniques. Lucigenin-derived ROS generation was significantly increased in neutrophils isolated from women with pre-eclampsia compared with normotensive controls in the case of both agonists [n-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP): pre-eclamptic 2.071 +/- 0.336 relative light units seconds (RLU.s) and normotensive 1.141 +/- 0.249 RLU.s, P = 0.035; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA): pre-eclamptic 34.954 +/- 2.634 RLU.s and normotensive 17.208 +/- 3.325 RLU.s, P = 0.0001]. Luminol-derived ROS generation was also significantly increased in the neutrophils isolated from the women with pre-eclampsia compared with the normotensive controls in the case of both agonists (fMLP: pre-eclamptic 1.955 +/- 0.316 RLU.s and normotensive 1.058 +/- 0.191 RLU.s, P = 0.023; PMA: pre-eclamptic 4.108 +/- 0.351 RLU.s and normotensive 3.073 +/- 0.332 RLU.s, P = 0.042). There were no differences between the relative abundance of the phox proteins in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils isolated from women with pre-eclampsia during the third trimester showed increased sensitivity to agonist stimulation and produced significantly more ROS than age-matched normotensive controls. This was not due to an increased abundance of any of the phox proteins. Increased ROS production in pre-eclampsia may highlight a role for neutrophils in the oxidative stress and associated endothelial dysfunction that are characteristic of the condition.     

Relation of local platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa independent activation during coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction to recovery of left ventricular function

We assessed glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa independent platelet activation in coronary sinus and peripheral blood from patients who underwent angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction and stable angina. Despite complete blockade of the activated GP IIb/IIIa receptor with abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction, unsuppressed local GP IIb/IIIa independent activation was associated with a lack of recovery of left ventricular function.     

The pulmonary bioprosthetic heart valve: its unsuitability for use as an aortic valve replacement

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The porcine pulmonary bioprosthetic heart valve represents an alternative means of aortic valve replacement (AVR), though knowledge of its biomechanical function and characteristics is limited. The valve has potential advantages over the aortic bioprosthesis; notably, it lacks the muscular shelf of the right coronary cusp of the latter bioprosthesis. The study aim was to investigate the suitability of the porcine pulmonary bioprosthetic valve for AVR. METHODS: Porcine pulmonary and aortic roots were zero pressure-fixed with 0.5% buffered glutaraldehyde, characterized, and compared with fresh porcine pulmonary and aortic roots. The in-vitro analysis included assessment of mechanical properties, hydrodynamic function, geometry of the pulmonary root, and durability. RESULTS: The fixed pulmonary roots and fresh aortic roots were similar in certain aspects of mechanical response, notably leaflets in the radial direction and the root wall. The fixed pulmonary root was slightly more compliant than the fixed aortic root, and this led to an improvement in forward flow hydrodynamic function. The reverse flow hydrodynamic function of the pulmonary roots was poor; fresh pulmonary roots exhibited a trivial closed valve regurgitant volume. On fixation, this characteristic was aggravated, leading to a gross closed valve regurgitant volume in 50% of all fixed pulmonary roots. The cause of leakage was identified as a prolapsed anterior leaflet. Durability of the fixed pulmonary root was also inferior to that of the fixed aortic root; three fixed pulmonary roots subjected to accelerated fatigue testing showed signs of leaflet macroscopic damage. CONCLUSION: Overall, the performance of the porcine pulmonary bioprosthesis was far inferior to that of the currently used porcine aortic bioprosthesis. Hence, the porcine pulmonary bioprosthetic valve was deemed unsuitable for AVR.