一期后路病灶清除植骨选择性病椎置钉内固定术在相邻多个胸腰椎结核中的应用

目的探讨一期后路病灶清除植骨选择性病椎置钉内固定术治疗相邻多个胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年1月行一期后路病灶清除选择性病椎置钉内固定同期植骨融合术的胸腰椎结核患者18例,其中男10例,女8例;年龄18-62岁,平均37.5岁。选择钛合金为内固定材料,术前后凸成角10°-65°,平均26°。CT或磁共振成像(MRI)检查显示所有患者病灶有明显的偏侧骨质破坏和不同程度脓肿形成,无巨大脓肿。随访时间1～4年,平均1.5年。结果 18例患者均得到随访,均未引起炎症扩散,植骨块和内固定物均无松动、移位和脱出,植骨全部骨性愈合,无复发和后凸畸形形成。结论一期后路病灶清除选择性病椎置钉内固定术治疗相邻多个胸腰椎结核能有效重建脊柱稳定性,在病椎局部植入钛质内固定材料对疗效无明显影响,是治疗胸腰椎结核的有效方法。     

Enhanced antitumor efficacy by combination treatment with a human umbilical vein endothelial cell vaccine and a tumor cell lysate-based vaccine

Angiogenesis inhibitors combined with other anticancer drugs have been shown to inhibit tumor growth in animal models and some of them were recently used in clinical trials. In the present study, a whole hepatocellular carcinoma cell lysate based vaccine with diphtheria toxin (DT) and two tandem repeats of microbial HSP70 peptide epitope 407-426 (2 mHSP70407-426, M₂) as adjuvant, which was called HDM, was combined with a whole human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) vaccine to develop a combination treatment regimen. This combination treatment regimen was named HUVEC-HDM, which was supposed to enhance its antitumor efficiency. HUVEC-HDM was administrated subcutaneously in both prophylactic and therapeutic procedures. Compared to either single vaccine, HUVEC-HDM induced a more significant inhibition on the growth and metastasis of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma in mice and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Besides, HUVEC-HDM immunization elicited strong humoral and cellular immune responses targeting tumor cell as well as tumor angiogenesis, which could be responsible for the enhanced antitumor effect. Moreover, histochemistry analysis showed that HUVEC-HDM induced large areas of continuous necrosis within tumors, correlating well with the extent of tumor inhibition. These results not only highlight the superiority of the combined HUVEC-HDM treatment regimen, but also support the translation of such approaches into the clinic for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.     

The R-spondin/Lgr5/Rnf43 module: regulator of Wnt signal strength

Lgr5 was originally discovered as a common Wnt target gene in adult intestinal crypts and colon cancer. It was subsequently identified as an exquisite marker of multiple Wnt-driven adult stem cell types. Lgr5 and its homologs, Lgr4 and Lgr6, constitute the receptors for R-spondins, potent Wnt signal enhancers and stem cell growth factors. The Lgr5/R-spondin complex acts by neutralizing Rnf43 and Znrf3, two transmembrane E3 ligases that remove Wnt receptors from the stem cell surface. Rnf43/Znrf3 are themselves encoded by Wnt target genes and constitute a negative Wnt feedback loop. Thus, adult stem cells are controlled by an intricate interplay of potent Wnt agonists, antagonists, and anti-antagonists.     

The different roles of selective autophagic protein degradation in mammalian cells

Autophagy is an intracellular pathway for bulk protein degradation and the removal of damaged organelles by lysosomes. Autophagy was previously thought to be unselective; however, studies have increasingly confirmed that autophagy-mediated protein degradation is highly regulated. Abnormal autophagic protein degradation has been associated with multiple human diseases such as cancer, neurological disability and cardiovascular disease; therefore, further elucidation of protein degradation by autophagy may be beneficial for protein-based clinical therapies. Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) can both participate in selective protein degradation in mammalian cells, but the process is quite different in each case. Here, we summarize the various types of macroautophagy and CMA involved in determining protein degradation. For this summary, we divide the autophagic protein degradation pathways into four categories: the post-translational modification dependent and independent CMA pathways and the ubiquitin dependent and independent macroautophagy pathways, and describe how some non-canonical pathways and modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation and arginylation can influence protein degradation by the autophagy lysosome system (ALS). Finally, we comment on why autophagy can serve as either diagnostics or therapeutic targets in different human diseases.     

快速测定仪测定生活饮用水中氨氮

目的了解快速测定仪测定生活饮用水中氨氮含量的准确可靠性和实用性。方法分别用国标法与快速测定仪测试样品,对比测定结果。结果快速测定仪测定氨氮浓度在0.02 mg/L~2.50 mg/L时,线性关系良好,回归方程为y=0.3136χ+0.0158,相关系数(r)为0.9997,加标回收率为91.70%~99.40%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.20%~3.40%。结论快速测定仪准确可靠、简便快捷,可广泛用于生活饮用水中氨氮含量的测定。