螺钉与经皮克氏针治疗Buechler2区Bennett骨折的2年随访

背景:治疗Bennett骨折方法颇多,对于较为多发的Buechler2区Bennett骨折目前尚无统一的治疗方案及评价标准。目的:对比切开复位螺钉内固定及经皮克氏针内固定对Buechler2区Bennett骨折固定后的功能恢复情况。方法:将Buechler2区Bennett骨折患者随机分为螺钉治疗组和克氏针治疗组,螺钉治疗组施行切开复位螺钉内固定,克氏针组施行闭合复位经皮交叉克氏针内固定。采用上肢功能评分评价其功能恢复情况。结果与结论:固定后、随访1年及随访2年,螺钉组上肢功能评分均低于克氏针组(P<0.05)。证实,短期内螺钉对于Buechler2区Bennett骨折的功能恢复优于克氏针。     

PEGylated Carboxyhemoglobin Bovine (SANGUINATE): Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial

PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine (SANGUINATE) is a dual action carbon monoxide releasing (CO)/oxygen (O₂) transfer agent for the treatment of hypoxia. Its components inhibit vasoconstriction, decrease extravasation, limit reactive oxygen species production, enhance blood rheology, and deliver oxygen to the tissues. Animal models of cerebral ischemia, peripheral ischemia, and myocardial ischemia demonstrated SANGUINATE's efficacy in reducing myocardial infarct size, limiting necrosis from cerebral ischemia, and promoting more rapid recovery from hind limb ischemia. In a Phase I trial, three cohorts of eight healthy volunteers received single ascending doses of 80, 120, or 160 mg/kg of SANGUINATE. Two volunteers within each cohort served as a saline control. There were no serious adverse events. Serum haptoglobin decreased, but did not appear to be dose related. The T_1/2 was dose dependent and ranged from 7.9 to 13.8 h. In addition to the Phase I trial, SANGUINATE was used under an expanded access emergency Investigational New Drug. SANGUINATE was found to be safe and well tolerated in a Phase I clinical trial, and therefore it will advance into further clinical trials in patients.     

Analysis of parametric histogram from dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI: application in evaluating brain tumor response to radiotherapy

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE MRI) has been used to study tumor response to treatment for many years. In this study, the modified full width at half‐maximum (mFWHM), calculated from the wash‐in slope histogram, is proposed as a parameter for the evaluation of changes in tumor heterogeneity which respond to radiotherapy. Twenty‐five patients with brain tumors were evaluated and divided into the nonresponder group (n = 11) and the responder group (n = 14) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). All selected tumors were evaluated by mFWHM ratios of post‐ to pre‐therapy (the ratio was defined as the therapeutic mFWHM ratio, TMR). The changes in kurtosis of the histograms and the averaged K^trans within a tumor were also calculated for comparison. The receiver operating characteristic analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to examine the diagnosis ability. The TMR values were significantly higher in nonresponders than in responders (p < 0.001). When compared with the other two parameters, the proposed method also demonstrated better sensitivity and specificity. When adopting the TMR for the estimation of prognosis after therapy, there was a significant difference between the population survival curves. In conclusion, the derived mFWHM reflects tumor heterogeneity, and the ability to depict patient survival probability from TMR corresponds well with that from RECIST. The results reveal that, in brain tumors, progression may be exhibited not only by tumor size, but also by tumor heterogeneity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.