Tracheoesophageal fistula after primary repair of type C esophageal atresia in the neonatal period: recurrent or missed second congenital fistula

Purpose

The aim of the study is to investigate whether a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) found after the primary repair of type C esophageal atresia (EA) is a recannulation of the original fistula, a missed proximal fistula, or other rare foregut malformation.

Methods

Between 2000 and 2009, 143 different types of patients with EA were admitted in our hospital. Seven patients (2 from our series, 5 referred to us by other hospitals with the history of primary repair of type C EA) had late presenting TEF. Esophagogram, 3-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) reconstruction, bronchoscopy, and reoperation were performed to confirm the TEF. Their medical records were reviewed and summarized.

Results

Persistent feeding or respiratory problems were the common symptom. The mean age of the first appearance was 17 ± 26 (1-63) months. Preoperative diagnosis was made by esophagograms and bronchoscopy in 6 patients. Reoperations were performed in all patients through thoracotomy. Missed proximal TEF shown as a distinct fistula above the primary anastomosis without much adhesion was confirmed in 5 cases. A recurrent TEF was found in 1 case. A case of communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformation was confirmed by 3-dimensional CT reconstruction and reoperation.

Conclusion

A missed proximal TEF after repair of EA may be misdiagnosed as a recurrent TEF. Accurate preoperative diagnosis depends on combined evaluations of radiologic contrast study, 3-dimensional CT, and bronchoscopy.     

Spirituality Factors in the Prediction of Outcomes of PTSD Treatment for U.S. Military Veterans

Spirituality is a multifaceted construct that might affect veterans’ recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adaptive and maladaptive ways. Using a cross‐lagged panel design, this study examined longitudinal associations between spirituality and PTSD symptom severity among 532 U.S. veterans in a residential treatment program for combat‐related PTSD. Results indicated that spirituality factors at the start of treatment were uniquely predictive of PTSD symptom severity at discharge, when accounting for combat exposure and both synchronous and autoregressive associations between the study variables, βs = .10 to .16. Specifically, veterans who scored higher on adaptive dimensions of spirituality (daily spiritual experiences, forgiveness, spiritual practices, positive religious coping, and organizational religiousness) at intake fared significantly better in this program. In addition, possible spiritual struggles (operationalized as negative religious coping) at baseline were predictive of poorer PTSD outcomes, β = .11. In contrast to these results, PTSD symptomatology at baseline did not predict any of the spirituality variables at posttreatment. In keeping with a spiritually integrative approach to treating combat‐related PTSD, these results suggest that understanding the possible spiritual context of veterans’ trauma‐related concerns might add prognostic value and equip clinicians to alleviate PTSD symptomatology among those veterans who possess spiritual resources or are somehow struggling in this domain.     

Remodeling of the plasma membrane in preparation for sperm–egg recognition: roles of acrosomal proteins

The interaction of sperm with the egg''s extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida (ZP) is the first step of the union between male and female gametes. The molecular mechanisms of this process have been studied for the past six decades with the results obtained being both interesting and confusing. In this article, we describe our recent work, which attempts to address two lines of questions from previous studies. First, because there are numerous ZP binding proteins reported by various researchers, how do these proteins act together in sperm–ZP interaction? Second, why do a number of acrosomal proteins have ZP affinity? Are they involved mainly in the initial sperm–ZP binding or rather in anchoring acrosome reacting/reacted spermatozoa to the ZP? Our studies reveal that a number of ZP binding proteins and chaperones, extracted from the anterior sperm head plasma membrane, coexist as high molecular weight (HMW) complexes, and that these complexes in capacitated spermatozoa have preferential ability to bind to the ZP. Zonadhesin (ZAN), known as an acrosomal protein with ZP affinity, is one of these proteins in the HMW complexes. Immunoprecipitation indicates that ZAN interacts with other acrosomal proteins, proacrosin/acrosin and sp32 (ACRBP), also present in the HMW complexes. Immunodetection of ZAN and proacrosin/acrosin on spermatozoa further indicates that both proteins traffic to the sperm head surface during capacitation where the sperm acrosomal matrix is still intact, and therefore they are likely involved in the initial sperm–ZP binding step.     

降钙素基因相关肽对大鼠骨髓单核巨噬细胞破骨分化作用的实验研究

目的 通过体外实验研究外源性降钙素基因相关肽（calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)对大鼠骨髓单核巨噬细胞 (BMMs)破骨分化能力的影响,为CGRP在抗骨质疏松治疗方面的应用提供理论依据。方法 采用差速贴壁的方法分离出SD大鼠髓腔内单核巨噬细胞,原代培养并传代,在培养体系中添加含不同浓度CGRP (实验组：10–7 mol/L、10–8 mol/L、10–9 mol/ L;对照组：无CGRP)的破骨诱导液,对前体细胞进行破骨诱导7天后进行相关实验检测,分别采用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色(TRAP染色）观察破骨细胞的生成能力;用RT-PCR方法检测破骨细胞系特征性基因（RANK、TRAP、NFATc1); Western-blot检测破骨特征性TRAP和RANK蛋白的表达;骨磨片甲苯胺蓝染色检测诱导的破骨细胞的骨吸收功能。结果TRAP染色显示 CGRP各浓度组镜下成熟破骨细胞的个数显著低于对照组,有统计学差异(P <0.05)并随CGRP浓度的增高成熟破骨细胞数减少,CGRP组间亦差异明显(P <0. 05);RT-PCR检测破骨特征性RANK、TRAP、NFATc1 mRNA和Westem-blot测破骨特征性TRAP、RANK蛋白的表达各CGRP组均低于对照组(P < 0. 05);骨磨片破骨细胞甲苯胺蓝染色后单倍视野下CGRP组破骨陷窝数量也明显少于对照组(P < 0. 05),且与药物组浓度与陷窝数量呈负相关性。结论 CGRP能够抑制BMMs向破骨方向的分化,为CGRP抗骨质疏松的治疗提供理论支持。     

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in Young Patients: Higher Early Reoperation and Rerevision

BackgroundRevision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) rates are increasing in younger patients. Few studies have assessed outcomes of initial aseptic rTKA performed for younger patients compared with traditional-aged patients.MethodsA detailed medical record review was performed to identify patient demographics, medical comorbidities, surgical rTKA indications, timing from index TKA to rTKA, subsequent reoperation rates, component rerevision rates, and salvage procedures for 147 young patients (158 knees) aged 55 years and younger and for a traditional older cohort of 276 patients (300 knees) between 60 and 75 years. Univariate analysis was performed to assess differences in these primary variables, and a log-rank test was used to estimate 5-year implant survival based on either reoperation or component revision and salvage procedures.ResultsYounger TKA patients were more likely to undergo initial aseptic rTKA within 2 years of their primary TKA (52.5% vs 29.0%, P < .001) and were more likely to undergo early reoperation (17.7% vs 9.7%, P = .02) or component rerevision (11.4% vs 6.0%, P < .05) after rTKA. Infection and extensor mechanism complications were more commonly noted in younger patients. Estimated 5-year survival was also lower for both reoperation (59.4% vs 65.7%, P = .02) and component rerevision or salvage (65.8% vs 80.1%, P = .02).ConclusionEarly reoperation and component re-rTKA were performed nearly twice as often in younger rTKA than traditional-aged TKA patients. Care should be given to reduce perioperative infection and extensor mechanism failures after rTKA in younger patients.     

骨缺损修复材料的研究进展

在骨缺损修复治疗中,需要植入骨支架材料以恢复损伤处相应的组织结构.目前,用于骨缺损的修复材料主要有自体骨、同种异体骨、金属材料、生物陶瓷、高分子材料及各种复合材料.不同材料在骨修复中均展示出强大的重建能力,然而临床中理想的骨植入物依然较少,水平参差不齐,除自体骨外,其他材料用于骨缺损修复中尚无法同时具备良好的生物相容性...     

胫骨前嵴作为全膝关节置换术胫骨假体旋转对位解剖参考的可靠性研究

目的:通过CT测量正常膝关节探讨胫骨前嵴作为全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)胫骨旋转对线参考的可靠性。方法:自2017年7月至2018年6月选择122例因下肢创伤行CT血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA) 检查的患者,其中男 89 例,女 33 例;年龄 18 ～ 81 (51.4±16.4) 岁。使用影像归档和通信系统(picture archiving and communication system,PACS)标记健侧正常膝关节的外科通髁线(surgical epicondylar axis,SEA),外侧平台远端8 mm平面的髌韧带内侧缘与后叉韧带胫骨止点中点的连线(髌韧带内侧缘轴),胫骨横轴,髌韧带止点与后叉韧带胫骨止点中点投影的连线(Akagi线),髌韧带止点中内1/3与后叉韧带胫骨止点中点投影的连线(髌韧带止点中内1/3轴),胫骨结节中内1/3与后叉韧带胫骨止点中点投影的连线(Insall线),胫骨结节内侧缘与后叉韧带胫骨止点中点投影的连线(胫骨结节内侧缘轴)。把前缘锐利的胫骨前嵴等分为3部分,取上下顶点和中间2个点,标记4个点在该平面与与后叉韧带胫骨止点中点投影的连线(胫骨前嵴近端轴、胫骨前嵴中段轴1、胫骨前嵴中段轴2以及胫骨前嵴远端轴)。测量胫骨横轴和SEA之间以及其他各轴与SEA垂线的角度。对比10个胫骨轴之间的两两关系。结果:髌韧带内侧缘轴、胫骨前嵴近端轴、胫骨前嵴中段轴1、胫骨前嵴中段轴2、胫骨前嵴远端轴、Akagi线、髌韧带止点中内1/3轴、Insall线、胫骨结节内侧缘轴与SEA垂线的角度分别为(-1.6±4.5)°、(12.0±6.9)°、(7.2±8.6)°、(7.1±10.4)°、(6.6±13.5)°、(1.4±5.0)°、(10.2±5.1)°、(11.9±5.4)°和(3.6±4.8)°。胫骨横轴与 SEA 的夹角为(4.1±5.3)°。髌韧带内侧缘轴相对于SEA外旋,Insall线、髌韧带止点中内1/3轴和胫骨前嵴近端轴明显大于Akagi线、胫骨横轴、胫骨结节内侧缘轴(P0.001)。胫骨前嵴中段轴1和2以及胫骨前嵴远端轴明显大于Akagi线、胫骨横轴、胫骨结节内侧缘轴(P0.001)。但是胫骨前嵴中段轴1和2以及胫骨前嵴远端轴小于Insall线、髌韧带止点中内1/3轴和胫骨前嵴近端轴(P0.01)。胫骨前嵴中远段3个轴间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胫骨前嵴中段可以作为TKA胫骨假体旋转对线参考一个选择,其可靠性优于Insall线,但要差于Akagi线、胫骨横轴和胫骨结节内侧缘轴。     

吲哚菁绿荧光导航在复杂腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的:探讨吲哚菁绿荧光导航在复杂腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月—2020年8月在鄂东医疗集团黄石市中心医院肝胆胰腺外科收治的96例复杂胆囊结石伴胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料,按照术前是否静脉注射吲哚菁绿荧光导航分为实验组( n＝44)和对照组( n＝52),实...     

A study of the relationship between type of lumbar disc herniation,straight leg raising test and peripheral T lymphocytes

Objective: To observe changes in peripheral T lymphocytes of patients with lumbar disc herniation, and investigate the relationship between the type of herniation, signs and T lymphocyte subsets. Methods: Blood samples from 20 healthy blood donors (control group), and 49 patients (27 male and 22 female) with single‐level lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were collected, the latter preoperatively. T lymphocytes subsets were detected by flow cytometer. According to the position of the intervertebral disc observed during surgery, the patients were divided into ruptured disc herniation (RDH) and degenerative disc herniation (DDH) groups. Straight leg raising (SLR) was assessed preoperatively. Results: Percentages of CD3+, CD4+, and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the RDH group were significantly higher, and of percentage of CD8+ significantly lower, than were those in the control group. Percentages of CD4+ and ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were significantly higher, and percentage of CD8+ significantly lower, in the positive SLR test group than were those in the negative SLR test group. The positive rate of SLR testing was significantly higher in the RDH than in the DDH group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that changes in T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood take place after herniation of the lumbar intervertebral disc. T lymphocyte mediated immune responses may play an important role in the occurrence and development of signs in patients with herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. The SLR test may help to confirm that disc herniation has caused nerve root impairment by mechanical loading or inflammatory stimulus and provide guidance on the choice of treatment.