Recently, different work groups have demonstrated that short tandem repeat (STR) typing of various tumor tissues may lead to erroneous results due to tumor microsatellite instability (MSI). This may have considerable implications for genetic profiling of tumor tissue, e.g. in paternity testing or sample individualization. To elucidate whether this is true for ductal adenocarcinomas (DAC) of the pancreas, we genetically investigated tumor and corresponding healthy tissue from 18 patients using a commercially available multiplex PCR kit commonly used in forensic laboratories. STR typing of the samples revealed no differences between tumor and healthy tissue in 17 out of 18 samples. One sample, however, showed an allele expansion at locus D21S11. In heterozygous cases, peak heights varied strongly at different loci, mocking a loss of heterozygozity. This investigation shows that even though tetranucleotide MSI in pancreatic DAC is a rare event, the interpretation of genetic profiles obtained from cancerous samples can be difficult and lead to misinterpretations. 相似文献
Developments in post-mortem imaging increasingly focus on addressing recognised diagnostic weaknesses, especially with regard to suspected natural deaths. Post-mortem MR angiography (PMMRA) may offer additional diagnostic information to help address such weaknesses, specifically in the context of sudden cardiac death. Complete filling of the coronary arteries and acceptable contrast with surrounding tissue are essential for a successful approach to PMMRA. In this work, the suitability of different liquids for inclusion in a targeted PMMRA protocol was evaluated. Factors influencing cooling of paraffinum liquidum + Angiofil® (6 %) in cadavers during routine multiphase post-mortem CT angiography were investigated. The temperature dependence of dynamic viscosity (8–20 °C), longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation (1–23 °C) of the proposed liquids was quadratically modelled. The relaxation behaviour of these liquids and MR scan parameters were further investigated by simulation of a radiofrequency (RF)-spoiled gradient echo (GRE) sequence to estimate potentially achievable contrast between liquids and post-mortem tissue at different temperatures across a forensically relevant temperature range. Analysis of the established models and simulations indicated that based on dynamic viscosity (27–33 mPa · s), short T1 relaxation times (155–207 ms) and a minimal temperature dependence over the investigated range of these parameters, paraffin oil and a solution of paraffin oil + Angiofil® (6 %) would be most suitable for post-mortem reperfusion and examination in MRI.
BACKGROUND: Thrombolytic treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is approved for use within 3 h after stroke onset. Thus only a small percentage of patients can benefit. Meta-analyses and more recent studies suggest a benefit for a subset of patients beyond 3 h. We assessed the safety and efficacy of an MRI-based selection protocol for stroke treatment within and beyond 3 h compared with standard CT-based treatment. METHODS: We assessed clinical outcome and incidence of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in 400 consecutive patients treated with intravenous rtPA. Patients eligible for thrombolysis within 3 h were selected by CT or MRI and beyond 3 h only by MRI. 18 patients were excluded from analysis because of violation of that algorithm. The remaining 382 patients were divided into three groups: CT-based treatment within 3 h (n=209); MRI-based treatment within 3 h (n=103); and MRI-based treatment beyond 3 h (n=70). FINDINGS: Patients in group 3 (MRI > 3 h) had a similar 90 day outcome to those in the other two groups (48% were independent in the CT < or = 3 h group, 51% in the MRI < or = 3 h group, and 56% in group 3), but without an increased risk for symptomatic ICH (9%, 1%, 6%) or mortality (21%, 13%, 11%). MRI-selected patients overall had a significantly lower risk than CT-selected patients for symptomatic ICH (3% vs 9%; p=0.013) and mortality (12% vs 21%; p=0.021). Time to treatment did not affect outcomes in univariate and multivariate analyses. INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that beyond 3 h and maybe even within 3 h, patient selection is more important than time to treatment for a good outcome. Furthermore, MRI-based thrombolysis, irrespective of the time window, shows an improved safety profile while being at least as effective as standard CT-based treatment within 3 h. 相似文献
A permanent reduction in seizure threshold due to repeated subconvulsive electrical stimulation of the amygdala characterizes the kindling model of epilepsy. Since kindling may involve neurochemical alterations, cerebral amino acids were studied in this induced seizure state. Minimal changes were found in the levels of amino acids in the cerebellum, frontal cortex and brain stem of amygdaloid kindled rats when measured one week after the last seizure. The uptake of taurine into synaptosomes prepared from the cerebellum of kindled rats was significantly elevated, suggesting that alterations in synaptic action of this inhibitory neurotransmitter may play a role in the development of kindling. 相似文献
The primary somatosensory (SI) cortex in the cat contains four cytoarchitectonic areas that appear to contain separate body representations and have different functions. We tested whether functional differences among these areas are reflected in the densities of neurons containing each of three calcium-binding proteins: parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR). Colocalization experiments revealed that CR was localized in a population of neurons distinct from those containing PV or CB. The general laminar distributions of the three calcium-binding proteins were similar to those described in other species and cortical areas, but there were significant density differences in layers II and III across SI. The density of PV-immunoreactive neurons was higher in areas 3b and 1 than in areas 3a and 2. CB-immunoreactive neurons were found in higher densities in anterior SI than in posterior SI, and the pattern of CR-immunoreactive neurons was reciprocal to that of CB, with significantly higher densities in posterior regions of SI. Since the firing characteristics of nonpyramidal neurons appear to be related to their calcium-binding protein content, differences in regional distributions of these neurons in layers II and III may contribute to functional differences between the cytoarchitectonic areas of SI cortex. 相似文献
Using the Separation Anxiety Test, this study assessed the attachment patterns in a sample of 27 boys and girls in psychotherapeutic treatment to test the hypothesis of a relationship between attachment styles and problem perception (using the problem questionnaire of Westhoff), and concentration. In conformity with the hypothesis, results demonstrate children with anxious-avoidant attachment showing less, those with anxious-ambivalent attachment indicating more problems than average. There was a general tendency for children with behavioral disorders reporting more problems than a comparative sample of 19 school children. No correlation was found between attachment styles and concentration (assessed via the d2-test). The concentrative abilities were generally reduced in the clinical sample. The results are discussed in relation to action-theoretical assumptions. 相似文献