全文获取类型
收费全文 | 89844篇 |
免费 | 42314篇 |
国内免费 | 41篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1773篇 |
儿科学 | 4506篇 |
妇产科学 | 709篇 |
基础医学 | 17138篇 |
口腔科学 | 5543篇 |
临床医学 | 13688篇 |
内科学 | 25486篇 |
皮肤病学 | 7653篇 |
神经病学 | 14740篇 |
特种医学 | 2650篇 |
外科学 | 15604篇 |
综合类 | 261篇 |
一般理论 | 34篇 |
预防医学 | 5512篇 |
眼科学 | 1468篇 |
药学 | 6435篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 1014篇 |
肿瘤学 | 7984篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 105篇 |
2022年 | 161篇 |
2021年 | 1475篇 |
2020年 | 5200篇 |
2019年 | 10980篇 |
2018年 | 10286篇 |
2017年 | 11597篇 |
2016年 | 12240篇 |
2015年 | 12076篇 |
2014年 | 12104篇 |
2013年 | 12820篇 |
2012年 | 4761篇 |
2011年 | 4741篇 |
2010年 | 9314篇 |
2009年 | 5692篇 |
2008年 | 2820篇 |
2007年 | 1702篇 |
2006年 | 1801篇 |
2005年 | 1524篇 |
2004年 | 1521篇 |
2003年 | 1552篇 |
2002年 | 1635篇 |
2001年 | 926篇 |
2000年 | 792篇 |
1999年 | 404篇 |
1998年 | 241篇 |
1997年 | 210篇 |
1996年 | 215篇 |
1995年 | 176篇 |
1994年 | 160篇 |
1993年 | 113篇 |
1992年 | 135篇 |
1991年 | 128篇 |
1990年 | 120篇 |
1989年 | 91篇 |
1988年 | 108篇 |
1987年 | 91篇 |
1986年 | 105篇 |
1985年 | 107篇 |
1984年 | 129篇 |
1983年 | 145篇 |
1982年 | 166篇 |
1981年 | 144篇 |
1980年 | 155篇 |
1979年 | 74篇 |
1978年 | 123篇 |
1977年 | 97篇 |
1976年 | 105篇 |
1974年 | 81篇 |
1972年 | 69篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
103.
PURPOSE: To assess the consistency of ratings assigned by health sciences faculty members relative to community members during an innovative admissions protocol called the Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI). METHOD: A nine-station MMI was created and 54 candidates to an undergraduate MD program participated in the exercise in Spring 2003. Three stations were staffed with a pair of faculty members, three with a pair of community members, and three with one member of each group. Raters completed a four-item evaluation form. All participants completed post-MMI questionnaires. Generalizability Theory was used to examine the consistency of the ratings provided within each of these three subgroups. RESULTS: The overall test reliability was found to be .78 and a Decision Study suggested that admissions committees should distribute their resources by increasing the number of interviews to which candidates are exposed rather than increasing the number of interviewers within each interview. Divergence of ratings was greater within the pairing of community member to faculty member and least for pairings of community members. Participants responded positively to the MMI. CONCLUSION: The MMI provides a reliable protocol for assessing the personal qualities of candidates by accounting for context specificity with a multiple sampling approach. Increasing the heterogeneity of interviewers may increase the heterogeneity of the accepted group of candidates. Further work will determine the extent to which different groups of raters provide equally valid (albeit different) judgments. 相似文献
104.
R. Kazi V. Prasad R. Venkitaraman C.M. Nutting P. Clarke P. Rhys‐Evans K.J. Harrington 《Clinical otolaryngology》2006,31(6):525-530
Objective: To determine the effects of a total laryngectomy on the swallow and subsequent quality of life in head and neck cancer patients. Design: Cross‐sectional single centre cohort study. Setting: Head and Neck Oncology Unit, Tertiary Referral Unit. Patients: Sixty‐two patients who underwent total laryngectomy at our centre participated in the study. Methods: Subjects were stratified by age, sex, tumour stage, other procedures such as myotomy and nerve re‐implantation. Pharyngectomy, glossectomy, flap reconstruction, neck dissection and previous radio‐ and chemotherapy were also assessed to see if they affected swallow and subsequent quality of life. Main outcome was measured using the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory questionnaire. Results: Responses were received from 46 males and 16 females (response rate of 80.5%) with a mean age of 64.7 years (SD 9.4). Median follow‐up in patients was 90 months (range 1–276). The mean MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory total score in our series of patients was 77.7 (SD 16.6). MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory global score was 79.4 (SD 22.6), Emotional score was 77.7 (SD 17.8), Functional score 81.3 (SD 15.9) and Physical score was 74.1(SD 18). Statistically significant differences were seen between the emotional scores of glossectomised and non‐glossectomised patients (Mann Whitney, P = 0.04). No significant correlation was seen between the subscale scores and the remaining treatment variables such as age, gender, site, tumour stage, myotomy, nerve implantation, radiotherapy, reconstruction and major complications. Conclusion: This questionnaire study is the largest of its type to assess the swallow of patients who have undergone laryngectomy at a single centre. The overall result confirmed that most patients had a subjectively good swallow. Only glossectomy and the method of PE segment closure were shown to significantly affect swallowing outcomes following surgery. We recommend further work especially prospective studies pre and post surgery using this or similarly validated instruments to fully assess swallow in the laryngectomy population. 相似文献
105.
Routine ultrasound may have a positive effect on obstetric outcome when determination of gestational age and placental localization are combined with evaluation for multiple gestation, congenital anomalies and growth retardation. The potential risk and benefit of obstetric ultrasound must be better understood before this procedure is used as a screening tool in large populations. 相似文献
106.
Jack Yu-Shih Lin Shun-Ling Lin Wei-Lin Chen Ying-Shan Chen 《Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging》2005,36(2):158-162
A 29-year-old man who had been treated for acute anterior uveitis in a local medical office and observed for 1 month presented complaining of distorted vision in his left eye for 1 week. On ophthalmic examination, the anterior segment was relatively quiet with few cells. A posterior segment examination revealed cystoid macular edema and multiple splinter retinal hemorrhages. Results of all laboratory and imaging studies were negative, except for a positive HLA-B27 haplotype. Fluorescein angiography revealed massive leakage in the mid and late phase, consistent with chorioretinitis. Periocular corticosteroid injections and oral prednisolone were administered. The patient responded to the treatment well with subsequent resolution of chorioretinitis 2 months later. Although rare, chorioretinitis can occur in the setting of uveitis associated with HLA-B27 and seems to respond well to corticosteroid treatment. 相似文献
107.
Functional MRI in Epilepsy 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
108.
A bstract Isolated mitral valve replacement using the CarboMedics prosthetic mitral valve (CarboMedics, Inc., Austin, TX) was studied in 13 centers in the United States, Canada, and Scandinavia between 1987 and 1993 in 428 patients with a mean age of 57 ± 14 years. Actuarial survivals at 1, 2, and 5 years were 88.2% and 75.8%. Freedom from events at 5 years were 94.8% for major thromboembolism, 96.6% for thrombosis, and 96.7% for endocarditis. Linearized morbidity rates (events per 100 patient years) for events at > 30 days postoperatively were .51 thrombosis, 1.1 major thromboembolism, and .37 endocarditis. These results at early to mid-term compare favorably with the first generation bileaflet valve. 相似文献
109.
Jack Yamuy John K. Engelhardt Francisco R. Morales Michael H. Chase 《Brain research》1992,570(1-2):300-306
The objective of this study was to determine whether the aging process influences the changes in the electrophysiological properties of motoneurons that occur as a consequence of axotomy. Accordingly, using intracellular recording and stimulating techniques, the basic electrical properties of control (unaxotomized) and axotomized spinal cord motoneurons of aged cats were determined. Compared with control motoneurons, axotomized motoneurons exhibited increases in input resistance (Rin), membrane time constant (τb) and the equalizing time constant (τc). While the electrotonic length (L) remained unchanged, axotomy induced a decrease in the total cell capacitance (Ccell. The post-axotomy reduction of Ccell indicates that the motoneuron surface area was reduced and the increased membrane time constant indicates that there was an increase in membrane resistivity (Rm). The post-axotomy conservation of L accompanied by an increase in Rm suggests that aged axotomized motoneurons undergo geometrical changes. Furthermore, calculations based on cable theory suggest that the diameter of the equivalent cylinder (d) decreased following axotomy, whereas the equivalent cylinder length (l) remained unaffected. It is concluded that axotomy produces significant alterations in the soma-dendritic portion of aged spinal motoneurons, as indicated by the changes found in their passive electrophysiological properties, and that the pattern of the response that occurs in axotomized motoneurons of adult cats is also present in axotomized motoneurons of aged animals. 相似文献
110.
R. Tazi‐Ahnini A. Cox A. J. G. McDonagh M. J. H. Nicklin F. S. Di Giovine J. M. Timms A. G. Messenger P. Dimitropoulou G. W. Duff M. J. Cork 《International journal of immunogenetics》2002,29(1):25-30
Alopecia areata is an inflammatory hair loss disease with a major genetic component. The presence of focal inflammatory lesions with perifollicular T‐cell infiltrates reflects the importance of local cytokine production in the pathogenesis. In addition to its fundamental pro‐inflammatory role, the interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) system has major effects on hair growth regulation in vitro, with the inhibitory actions of IL‐1α and IL‐1β being opposed by the receptor antagonist IL‐1ra. The novel interleukin‐1 like molecule 1 (IL‐1L1) which has greatest gene sequence homology with IL1RN, the gene encoding IL‐1ra, is another potential IL‐1 antagonist. In view of previous studies suggesting a significant role for IL1RN polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory disease, we have analysed polymorphisms of IL‐1ra (IL1RN+2018) and its homologue IL‐1L1 (IL1L1+4734) in a case–control association study on 165 patients and a large number of matched controls. Homozygosity for the rare allele of IL1RN (IL1RN*2) was significantly associated with alopecia areata [odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, 95% CI (1.09, 3.28); P = 0.02], confirming our previous findings of significant association with the IL1RN variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). The results also revealed a novel association involving a polymorphism of the interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist homologue IL1L1 at position + 4734, IL1RN+2018, and alopecia areata. The effect of a genotype combining three copies of the rare alleles at the IL1RN and IL1L1 loci conferred a more than additive increase in the risk of disease compared to IL1RN+2018 or IL1L1+4734 alone [OR 3.37 (1.60, 7.06); P = 0.002], suggesting possible synergy between the IL1RN and IL1L1 genes. This effect was stronger in patients with severe disease (alopecia totalis/universalis) [OR 4.62 (1.87, 11.40), P = 0.0022], and in those with early age at onset (< 20 years) [OR = 6.38 (2.64, 15.42), P = 0.0002]. Our results suggest that these polymorphisms within IL1RN and IL1L1 themselves or a gene in linkage disequilibrium with IL1RN and IL1L1 predispose to the more severe forms of alopecia areata. 相似文献