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排序方式: 共有689条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
681.
Esther Meesterberends Ruud JG Halfens Cornelia Heinze Christa Lohrmann Jos MGA Schols 《BMC nursing》2011,10(1):1-6
Background
Pressure ulcers are a common and serious health care problem in all health care settings. Results from annual national pressure ulcer prevalence surveys in the Netherlands and Germany reveal large differences in prevalence rates between both countries over the past ten years, especially in nursing homes. When examining differences in prevalence and incidence rates, it is important to take into account all factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers. Numerous studies have identified patient related factors, as well as nursing related interventions as risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers. Next to these more process oriented factors, also structural factors such as staffing levels and staff quality play a role in the development of pressure ulcers. This study has been designed to investigate the incidence of pressure ulcers in nursing homes in the Netherlands and Germany and to identify patient related factors, nursing related factors and structural factors associated with pressure ulcer development. The present article describes the protocol for this study.Methods/design
A prospective multicenter study is designed in which a cohort of newly admitted nursing home residents in 10 Dutch and 11 German nursing homes will be followed for a period of 12 weeks. Data will be collected by research assistants using questionnaires on four different levels: resident, staff, ward, and nursing home.Discussion
The results of the study will provide information on the incidence of pressure ulcers in Dutch and German nursing homes. Furthermore, information will be gathered on the influence of patient related factors, nursing related factors and structural factors on the incidence of pressure ulcers. The present article describes the study design and addresses the study's strengths and weaknesses. 相似文献682.
ObjectiveTo assess the rate of utilization of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets (LLINs) which is one of the cardinal components of the program, a decade-long antimalarial campaign under the roll back malaria (RBM) initiative.MethodsThe study was carried out between October and December 2009 and cross-sectional in nature involving adult women in Otukpo town and environs. Households were selected using systematic sampling methods where all the adult women in each household were interviewed. Relevant information such as age, marital status, occupation, utilization of LLINs and reasons for non-utilization were obtained. Data obtained were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression coefficient.ResultsAlmost 100% (3 154) of the respondents could associate malaria fever with mosquito bite although other causes were also mentioned. The overall any bed net utilization in Otukpo town was found to be 58.3% (1 849). LLINs utilization was found to be 23.3% (739). 35.0% (1 110) used untreated bed nets while 41.7% (1 322) had no bed net. Positive predictors for LLINs utilization were increasing educational levels, increasing wealth index and presence of an under five child, while lower wealth index and cultural beliefs negatively contributed to LLINs utilization.ConclusionsThe RBM program in the community has failed to yield the desired results. Efforts should be intensified towards addressing the socioeconomic, cultural, literary and logistic factors in order to reach this goal. 相似文献
683.
Ersen B Colkesen Maurice AJ Niessen Niels Peek Sandra Vosbergen Roderik A Kraaijenhagen Coenraad K van Kalken Jan GP Tijssen Ron JG Peters 《Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)》2011,6(1):1-7
Background
Biological monitoring of healthy workers exposed to hazardous dusts lack validated screening tools. Induced sputum (IS) cellular profile was compared with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) profile in asbestos exposed workers in order to assess its usefulness in monitoring workers exposed to asbestos for a long period of time.Methods
IS and BALF analysis was performed in 39 workers of a car brakes and clutches factory that uses chrysotile asbestos. Selection criteria were an employment history of > 15 years and the absence of a diagnosis of pneumonoconiosis. The type of cells, the existence of dust cells, of iron laden macrophages and of asbestos bodies were assessed and compared between IS and BALF samples.Results
35 IS samples (90%) had dust cells, 34 (87%) iron laden macrophages and in 8 samples (21%) asbestos bodies were found. In most samples neutrophils were dominated. Samples with asbestos bodies (ABs) had significantly higher lymphocytes and lower neutrophils count compared with the samples without ABs. Macrophages and neutrophils in IS and BALF exhibited significant inter-relations (Spearman's rho: 0.26-0.29, p < 0.05) while IS lymphocytes count showed an inverse relation with BALF neutrophils (Spearman's rho: -0.36). Neutrophils and dust cells were highly correlated between the samples (Spearman's rho: 0.35, p < 0.05) while IS dust cells and lymphocytes were inversely related (Spearman's rho: -0.36, p < 0.05). More years of employment in the company was related with more neutrophils (Spearman's rho: 0.26) and less lymphocytes (Spearman's rho: -0.33) count. In multivariate analysis the presence of AB in IS samples was strongly related to the presence of asbestos bodies and lymphocytes count in BALF samples.Conclusions
IS and BALF analysis showed a similar cellular profile indicating that IS sampling in exposed workers to asbestos as a less invasive and expensive method may be useful in providing an insight both for inhalation of dusts and inflammatory processes in the lung. 相似文献684.
A Neumayr R Kubitz JG Bode P Bilk D Häussinger 《European journal of medical research》2010,15(7):319-322
Introduction
Streptococcus intermedius - a member of the Streptococcus anginosus group - is part of the normal microbial flora of the oral cavity. Despite being regarded as a harmless apathogenic commensal, Streptococcus intermedius has been described to cause abscesses in various locations of the body.Case Presentation
We report the clinical case and course of treatment of a 18-year-old male patient presenting with multiple hepatic abscesses associated with an untreated pyogenic dental infection.Conclusion
Streptococcus intermedius can cause liver abscesses emerging from dental infectious foci even in previously healthy patients without underlying innate or aquired immunodeficiency. The case illustrates the potential danger and underestimated risk associated with untreated dental infections. 相似文献685.
INTRODUCTION
The concept of using a mesh to repair hernias was introduced over 50 years ago. Mesh repair is now standard in most countries and widely accepted as superior to primary suture repair. As a result, there has been a rapid growth in the variety of meshes available and choosing the appropriate one can be difficult. This article outlines the general properties of meshes and factors to be considered when selecting one.MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a search of the medical literature from 1950 to 1 May 2009, as indexed by Medline, using the PubMed search engine (<http://www.pubmed.gov>). To capture all potentially relevant articles with the highest degree of sensitivity, the search terms were intentionally broad. We used the following terms: ‘mesh, pore size, strength, recurrence, complications, lightweight, properties’. We also hand-searched the bibliographies of relevant articles and product literature to identify additional pertinent reports.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The most important properties of meshes were found to be the type of filament, tensile strength and porosity. These determine the weight of the mesh and its biocompatibility. The tensile strength required is much less than originally presumed and light-weight meshes are thought to be superior due to their increased flexibility and reduction in discomfort. Large pores are also associated with a reduced risk of infection and shrinkage. For meshes placed in the peritoneal cavity, consideration should also be given to the risk of adhesion formation. A variety of composite meshes have been promoted to address this, but none appears superior to the others. Finally, biomaterials such as acellular dermis have a place for use in infected fields but have yet to prove their worth in routine hernia repair. 相似文献686.
G Merino R Real MF Baro L Gonzalez-Lobato JG Prieto AI Alvarez MM Marques 《Drug metabolism and disposition》2009,37(1):5-9
ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 [breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] is a member of the ABC transporter superfamily that actively extrudes xenotoxins from cells and is a major determinant of the bioavailability of many compounds. ABCG2 expression is strongly induced during lactation in the mammary gland and is related to the active secretion of drugs into the milk. The presence of drug residues and environmental pollutants in milk is an outstanding problem for human milk consumption and milk industrial processes, involving important risks to public health and the dairy industry. In cows, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this protein has been described previously (Tyr581) and is associated with higher fat and protein percentages and lower milk yield. However, whether this amino acid substitution affects ABCG2-mediated drug transport in cows, including milk secretion, required further exploration. We cloned the two variants of bovine ABCG2 and evaluated the effect of this SNP on mitoxantrone accumulation assays performed in ovine primary fibroblasts transiently expressing either of the variants. It is interesting to note that statistically significant differences in activity between both variants were observed, and the Ser581 variant was related with an increased efflux activity. In addition, we demonstrated that genistein is a very good inhibitor of bovine ABCG2 and identified new inhibitors of the transporter, such as the macrocyclic lactones, ivermectin, and selamectin. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of these compounds on human and murine ABCG2 homologs was confirmed using transduced Marbin-Dabin canine kidney II cells. These findings may have important implications regarding the presence of drug residues in milk and drug interactions affecting the pharmacological behavior of ABCG2 substrates. 相似文献
687.
Bart JG Geurden RN MSc Cindy Stern BHsc Cécile Piron RN MSc Micheline Gobert RN PhD 《International journal of nursing practice》2012,18(6):519-526
Barriers obstructing evidence‐based nursing have been explored in many countries. Lack of resources and evidence has been noted as one of these barriers. We aimed to identify nursing care‐related systematic reviews published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1996 until 2009. Using a broad search strategy we identified titles of Cochrane systematic reviews and protocols that focused on nursing care. The abstract of each title was examined and predetermined data were collected and analysed. 1249 titles out of a possible 6244 records were identified as being relevant to nursing care. Most of them focused on newborn and adult populations and related to comparing one intervention with another, and management strategies. The most common nursing specialties represented were internal medicine (34%) and mother and child care (25%). Twenty one percent of reviews published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews are of direct interest to those involved in nursing care however their relevance was not always obvious. 相似文献
688.
Linkage and physical mapping of X-linked lissencephaly/SBH (XLIS): a gene causing neuronal migration defects in human brain 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
Ross ME; Allen KM; Srivastava AK; Featherstone T; Gleeson JG; Hirsch B; Harding BN; Andermann E; Abdullah R; Berg M; Czapansky-Bielman D; Flanders DJ; Guerrini R; Motte J; Mira AP; Scheffer I; Berkovic S; Scaravilli F; King RA; Ledbetter DH; Schlessinger D; Dobyns WB; Walsh CA 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(4):555-562
While disorders of neuronal migration are associated with as much as 25% of
recurrent childhood seizures, few of the genes required to establish
neuronal position in cerebral cortex are known. Subcortical band
heterotopia (SBH) and lissencephaly (LIS), two distinct neuronal migration
disorders producing epilepsy and variable cognitive impairment, can be
inherited alone or together in a single pedigree. Here we report a new
genetic locus, XLIS, mapped by linkage analysis of five families and
physical mapping of a balanced X;2 translocation in a girl with LIS.
Linkage places the critical region in Xq21-q24, containing the breakpoint
that maps to Xq22.3-q23 by high-resolution chromosome analysis. Markers
used for somatic cell hybrid and fluorescence in situ hybridization
analyses place the XLIS region within a 1 cM interval. These data suggest
that SBH and X-linked lissencephaly are caused by mutation of a single
gene, XLIS, that the milder SBH phenotype in females results from random
X-inactivation (Lyonization), and that cloning of genes from the breakpoint
region on X will yield XLIS.
相似文献
689.