全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1141篇 |
免费 | 57篇 |
国内免费 | 56篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 68篇 |
妇产科学 | 9篇 |
基础医学 | 128篇 |
口腔科学 | 21篇 |
临床医学 | 154篇 |
内科学 | 266篇 |
皮肤病学 | 51篇 |
神经病学 | 19篇 |
特种医学 | 299篇 |
外科学 | 50篇 |
综合类 | 23篇 |
预防医学 | 44篇 |
眼科学 | 5篇 |
药学 | 56篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 58篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 40篇 |
2012年 | 24篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 57篇 |
2008年 | 21篇 |
2007年 | 55篇 |
2006年 | 23篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 71篇 |
1997年 | 80篇 |
1996年 | 101篇 |
1995年 | 62篇 |
1994年 | 58篇 |
1993年 | 52篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 37篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 34篇 |
1986年 | 44篇 |
1985年 | 40篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1254条查询结果,搜索用时 14 毫秒
171.
172.
173.
Robertson RT; Gallardo KA; Claytor KJ; Ha DH; Ku KH; Yu BP; Lauterborn JC; Wiley RG; Yu J; Gall CM; Leslie FM 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1998,8(2):142-155
The role of basal forebrain-derived cholinergic afferents in the
development of neocortex was studied in postnatal rats. Newborn rat pups
received intraventricular injections of 192 IgG-saporin. Following survival
periods ranging from 2 days to 6 months, the brains were processed to
document the cholinergic lesion and to examine morphological consequences.
Immunocytochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and in situ
hybridization for ChAT mRNA demonstrate a loss of approximately 75% of the
cholinergic neurons in the medial septum and nucleus of the diagonal band
of Broca in the basal forebrain. In situ hybridization for glutamic acid
decarboxylase mRNA reveals no loss of basal forebrain GABAergic neurons.
Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry demonstrates a marked reduction of the
cholinergic axons in neocortex. Cholinergic axons are reduced throughout
the cortical layers; this reduction is more marked in medial than in
lateral cortical areas. The thickness of neocortex is reduced by
approximately 10%. Retrograde labeling of layer V cortico-collicular
pyramidal cells reveals a reduction in cell body size and also a reduction
in numbers of branches of apical dendrites. Spine densities on apical
dendrites are reduced by approximately 20-25% in 192 IgG- saporin-treated
cases; no change was detected in number of spines on basal dendrites. These
results indicate a developmental or maintenance role for cholinergic
afferents to cerebral cortical neurons.
相似文献
174.
175.
176.
Krimer LS; Herman MM; Saunders RC; Boyd JC; Hyde TM; Carter JM; Kleinman JE; Weinberger DR 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1997,7(8):732-739
The entorhinal cortex (ERC) has been implicated in schizophrenia by a
number of studies. There is anatomical observation of neuronal heterotopias
in the rostral ERC, which is consistent with a hypothesis of
neurodevelopmental abnormalities in this disease. In view of the
significant cytoarchitectonic variation of the ERC throughout its
rostro-caudal extent, we performed a detailed subareal analysis of the
rostral two-thirds of the entorhinal cortex (ERCr) in 14 postmortem
schizophrenic brains and 14 matched controls (mean ages of 48 and 47
respectively). This systematic evaluation included both a qualitative
microscopic analysis of morphogenetic anomalies that would be consistent
with neurodevelopmental pathology and quantitative measurements of total
neuronal number, average neuronal density, laminar volume and laminar depth
from the cortical surface in cytoarchitectonically matched subareas of
schizophrenic and control brains. Parcellation of the entire ERC on the
basis of cytoarchitectonic criteria identified five distinct regions,
similar to those described in the macaque, except that in the human brain
three of the regions were further divisible into two or three subareas,
yielding nine distinct cellular compartments. Five rostral areas, prorhinal
(Pr), lateral (28L), intermediate rostral and caudal (281r and 281c), and
sulcal (28S), comprise the ERCr. Gross and microscopic examination of these
subdivisions throughout the ERCr failed to reveal laminar disorganization
in any of the schizophrenic brains. The brains also did not differ
significantly with respect to total neuronal number, total volume and
neuronal density per laminar and subareal subdivision, or laminar thickness
per entorhinal subarea. However, neuronal number and density were reduced
by 12-18% in Pr and 28L, suggesting that mild quantitative abnormalities
may exist in the ERCr and might possibly be revealed in a larger sample of
schizophrenic brains. We have failed to confirm previous reports of laminar
disorganization in the ERCr in brains of patients with schizophrenia; to
the extent that this region is implicated in schizophrenia, the structural
changes are likely to consist of more subtle cellular disturbances.
相似文献
177.
178.
Endomyocardial fibrosis: electron-beam CT features 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mousseaux E; Hernigou A; Azencot M; Sapoval M; Auguste M; Papo T; Chauvaud S; Gaux JC 《Radiology》1996,198(3):755
179.
180.
Blood flows and recirculations with standard and reversed direction of lines were measured by chemical (urea and creatinine) and ultrasound dilution (saline) methods in 47 chronic hemodialysis patients. Thirty-seven patients had 47 dual-lumen, central vein (CV) catheters: 32 were PermCath (Quinton Instruments Company, Seattle, WA), 6 were Access Cath (MEDCOMP, Harleysville, PA), 3 were Soft Cell PC (Vas Cath, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) and 6 were SNIJ (experimental catheters). Three of these last catheters had the tip staggered 7 mm, and three had flush tips; PermCath, Access Cath, and Soft Cell PC catheters have the tips staggered 23 to 25 mm. Forty-six catheters were implanted into the superior vena cava/right atrium, and one catheter was implanted through the left saphenous vein into the left iliac vein. The catheters were studied 1 to 31 months after implantation (median, 3.0 months). Ten patients with arteriovenous (AV) graft access were also studied. The stop-flow method was used in catheter dialysis, and the slow-flow method was used to calculate recirculations in AV access dialysis with samples for systemic blood concentrations taken from arterial line both before and after samples from the arterial and venous lines. At 500 mL/min pump speed, actual blood flow was 436+/-18 mL/min (mean+/-SD; range, 407 to 464 mL/min) with standard direction of catheter lines. At 500 mL/min pump speed, the arterial chamber pressure was -330+/-48 mm Hg (mean+/-SD; range, -380 to -225 mm Hg, and the venous chamber pressure was 259+/-48 mm Hg (mean+/-SD; range, 140 to 310 mm Hg). Arterial chamber pressure was less negative, and venous chamber pressure was less positive with SNIJ catheters, which had larger internal diameter (2.1 mm) compared with the other catheters (2.0 mm). Recirculation varied with the catheter design and the location of the catheter tip. In the catheters with tip staggered more than 20 mm and with standard line connection at pump speeds of 50 mL/min and 500 mL/min, recirculations were approximately 1 % and 5%, respectively, when measured by the chemical method. In the same catheters with reversed lines, the recirculations were approximately 5% and 27%, respectively. Inflow failure catheters with reversed lines had similar recirculation values to those of well-functioning catheters with reversed lines. In catheters with tips staggered 7 mm, and with standard connection of lines, recirculations were approximately 3% and 8%, respectively, at pump speeds of 50 and 500 mL/min. With reversed lines, at the same pump speeds, the values were 7% and 12%, respectively. In flush-tip catheters, the recirculation was higher at a 50 mL/min pump speed (approximately 17%) than at a pump speed of 500 mL/min (approximately 13%). The ultrasound dilution method usually gave lower values than the chemical methods, most likely because of overestimation of recirculation by chemical methods. At least triplicate measurements are needed because single measurements by the ultrasound dilution method are associated with substantial variation. We conclude that both currently used methods (stop flow and slow flow) of taking systemic samples for measurements of recirculation by chemical methods are flawed because of disequilibrium and recirculation at low flow. 相似文献