Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: radiographic appearance in middle childhood

Chest radiographs were compared for three groups of children 8-9 years old: 23 survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), 33 survivors of hyaline membrane disease without BPD, and 35 survivors of premature birth without neonatal respiratory problems. Only four children in the second group and three in the third had abnormal lungs. Linear shadows, apparently representing strands of fibrosis or deep pleural fissuring, were seen more frequently (15 of 23) in the BPD group than in the others (P less than .0001). Seventeen children in the BPD group had definite pulmonary abnormalities, none of them severe. The anteroposterior dimension of the chest in survivors of BPD tended to be decreased (P less than .001 vs that of reported control subjects).     

Rotator cuff lesions of the shoulder: evaluation by direct sagittal CT arthrography

Direct sagittal computed tomographic scanning (DSCT) of the shoulder was performed in 42 symptomatic patients, six healthy volunteers, and two cadaver shoulders. Axial CT scanning and double-contrast arthrography with plain radiographs were performed in 41 patients for comparison. DSCT enabled correct identification of 27 of 29 lesions in 24 patients. Seventeen patients had normal shoulders. Axial CT scanning and DSCT together enabled correct identification of all lesions and were markedly superior to plain-film arthrography. DSCT enabled diagnosis of all cases of complete rotator cuff tear plus three cases of incomplete tear and three of rotator cuff atrophy not identified by the other techniques. Axial CT scanning was better than DSCT for diagnosis of Bankart lesions.     

Arteriovenous malformations of the extremities: MR imaging

Eight patients with angiographically proved arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the extremities (seven congenital, one posttraumatic) were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using a 0.35-T superconducting system and spin-echo pulse sequences. Congenital AVMs appeared as accumulations of dilated tortuous blood vessels infiltrating the involved muscles. A posttraumatic acquired AVM of the shoulder consisted of a large feeding artery associated with a pseudoaneurysm and a soft-tissue mass. MR imaging allowed precise anatomic localization and provided details concerning the size and extent of the AVMs. The relationship of AVMs to specific muscle groups, bones, and vascular structures could be accurately determined. Although major feeding and draining vessels were identified, the exact arteries and veins supplying and draining the AVM could not be ascertained. Images obtained in the transverse plane consistently yielded the most useful information. MR imaging and angiography may be complementary techniques in the initial evaluation, follow-up, and treatment planning of AVMs of the extremities.     

多孔髓芯减压联合干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死的早期随访结果

目的:探讨多孔髓芯减压联合自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死的疗效及临床分析。方法:选择2003-02/2006-12在南京医科大学附属南京第一医院骨关节中心采用多孔髓芯减压联合干细胞移植治疗的股骨头坏死患者22例,共28髋,年龄17～48岁,根据世界骨循环研究学会(ARCO)的国际骨坏死分期标准:Ⅰ期13髋,Ⅱ期11髋,Ⅲ期4髋。长期使用激素史9例,长期酗酒史6例,外伤史5例,原因不明者2例。纳入标准:有髋关节疼痛,功能受限;经髋关节X射线片及MRI检查确诊;ARCO分期Ⅰ～Ⅲ期;患者知情同意并签署知情同意书。排除标准:其他髋关节疾病。自患者髂前上棘处行骨髓穿刺分离与培养骨髓间充质干细胞。取患肢大粗隆下大腿外侧纵向直切口约3.0cm,钝性分离至股骨,在C形臂机引导下自股骨头中心钻入3枚直径4.0mm斯氏针,选位置较好的斯氏针,将直径约8.0mm特制套管在斯氏针的引导下钻至股骨头关节软骨面下1.0～2.0mm,不穿破关节面。将一长注射器针头置入股骨头坏死中心,立即行X射线正侧位摄片,确保针头位于股骨头内,从针头向股骨头内加压注入自体骨髓间充质干细胞悬液1.5～2.0mL。术后12个月随访,每3个月1次,随访时门诊复查,拍正、侧位和蛙式位X射线片,行MRI检查,观察病情变化。使用髋关节Harris评分进行疗效评价,>90分为优,75～90分为良,60～74分为可,<60分评定为差。若Harris评分提高,X射线骨形态变化改善及MRI股骨头坏死区体积变小可认为联合治疗有效。结果:①22例患者均完成随访,进入结果分析。②随访3个月时X射线及MRI检查:2例(2髋)激素引起的Ⅲ期患者股骨头发生进一步变形及塌陷,其余患者在随访期间未出现严重并发症,不良反应及病情恶化。股骨头坏死体积由术前31.07%减小到17.46%。激素组治疗前后股骨头坏死体积差值小于外伤、酗酒组,就本随访资料而言激素组疗效不如外伤及酗酒组。③随访12个月Harris评分:由术前54.3上升到84.6,有较明显提高,其中优7髋(25.0%),良15髋(53.6%),可4髋(14.3%),差2髋(0.07%)。结论:多孔髓芯减压联合干细胞移植是治疗股骨头坏死的一种新手段,尤其适合于年青、ARCO-Ⅰ或Ⅱ期、非激素导致的股骨头坏死治疗。