全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2442篇 |
免费 | 77篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 42篇 |
儿科学 | 63篇 |
妇产科学 | 160篇 |
基础医学 | 280篇 |
口腔科学 | 23篇 |
临床医学 | 211篇 |
内科学 | 443篇 |
皮肤病学 | 117篇 |
神经病学 | 210篇 |
特种医学 | 54篇 |
外科学 | 403篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 76篇 |
眼科学 | 94篇 |
药学 | 128篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 209篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 190篇 |
2011年 | 208篇 |
2010年 | 46篇 |
2009年 | 65篇 |
2008年 | 311篇 |
2007年 | 284篇 |
2006年 | 273篇 |
2005年 | 251篇 |
2004年 | 253篇 |
2003年 | 241篇 |
2002年 | 125篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 18篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2519条查询结果,搜索用时 515 毫秒
61.
62.
Borys JM Le Bodo Y Jebb SA Seidell JC Summerbell C Richard D De Henauw S Moreno LA Romon M Visscher TL Raffin S Swinburn B;EEN Study Group 《Obesity reviews》2012,13(4):299-315
Childhood obesity is a complex issue and needs multi-stakeholder involvement at all levels to foster healthier lifestyles in a sustainable way. 'Ensemble Prévenons l'Obésité Des Enfants' (EPODE, Together Let's Prevent Childhood Obesity) is a large-scale, coordinated, capacity-building approach for communities to implement effective and sustainable strategies to prevent childhood obesity. This paper describes EPODE methodology and its objective of preventing childhood obesity. At a central level, a coordination team, using social marketing and organizational techniques, trains and coaches a local project manager nominated in each EPODE community by the local authorities. The local project manager is also provided with tools to mobilize local stakeholders through a local steering committee and local networks. The added value of the methodology is to mobilize stakeholders at all levels across the public and the private sectors. Its critical components include political commitment, sustainable resources, support services and a strong scientific input--drawing on the evidence-base--together with evaluation of the programme. Since 2004, EPODE methodology has been implemented in more than 500 communities in six countries. Community-based interventions are integral to childhood obesity prevention. EPODE provides a valuable model to address this challenge. 相似文献
63.
Laurent De Landsheere Carine Munaut Betty Nusgens Catherine Maillard Chrystèle Rubod Michelle Nisolle Michel Cosson Jean-Michel Foidart 《International urogynecology journal》2013,24(12):2011-2020
Introduction and hypothesis
The pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is incompletely understood. The purpose of this study is to describe the current knowledge about histology of the vaginal wall and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse.Methods
Eligible studies were selected through a MEDLINE search covering January 1986 to December 2012. The research was limited to English-language publications.Results
Investigations of changes in the vaginal tissue that occur in women with genital prolapse are currently still limited and produced contrary results. The heterogeneity of the patients and the control groups in terms of age, parity and hormonal status, of the localization of biopsies and the histological methods as well as the lack of validation of the quantification procedures do not allow clear and definitive conclusions to be drawn.Conclusions
This review shows that current knowledge of the histological changes observed in women with POP are inconclusive and relatively limited. More studies are needed in this specific field to better understand the mechanisms that lead to POP. 相似文献64.
65.
Laurent de Landsheere Mathias Brieu Silvia Blacher Carine Munaut Betty Nusgens Chrystèle Rubod Agnès Noel Jean-Michel Foidart Michelle Nisolle Michel Cosson 《International urogynecology journal》2016,27(4):629-635
Introduction and hypothesis
The aim of the study was to correlate histological and biomechanical characteristics of the vaginal wall in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Methods
Tissue samples were collected from the anterior [point Ba; POP Questionnaire (POP-Q)] and/or posterior (point Bp; POP-Q) vaginal wall of 15 women who underwent vaginal surgery for POP. Both histological and biomechanical assessments were performed from the same tissue samples in 14 of 15 patients. For histological assessment, the density of collagen and elastin fibers was determined by combining high-resolution virtual imaging and computer-assisted digital image analysis. For biomechanical testing, uniaxial tension tests were performed to evaluate vaginal tissue stiffness at low (C0) and high (C1) deformation rates.Results
Biomechanical testing highlights the hyperelastic behavior of the vaginal wall. At low strains (C0), vaginal tissue appeared stiffer when elastin density was low. We found a statistically significant inverse relationship between C0 and the elastin/collagen ratio (p?=?0.048) in the lamina propria. However, at large strain levels (C1), no clear relationship was observed between elastin density or elastin/collagen ratio and stiffness, likely reflecting the large dispersion of the mechanical behavior of the tissue samples.Conclusion
Histological and biomechanical properties of the vaginal wall vary from patient to patient. This study suggests that elastin density deserves consideration as a relevant factor of vaginal stiffness in women with POP.66.
Chang SY Yong TF Yu CY Liang MC Pletnikova O Troncoso J Burgunder JM Soong TW 《Neuroscience》2007,145(3):1026-1036
Ca(v)2.1 Ca(2+) channels (P/Q-type), which participate in various key roles in the CNS by mediating calcium influx, are extensively spliced. One of its alternatively-spliced exons is 37, which forms part of the EF hand. The expression of exon 37a (EFa form), but not exon 37b (EFb form), confers the channel an activity-dependent enhancement of channel opening known as Ca(2+)-dependent facilitation (CDF). In this study, we analyzed the trend of EF hand splice variant distributions in mouse, rat and human brain tissues. We observed a developmental switch in rodents, as well as an age and gender bias in human brain tissues, suggestive of a possible role of these EF hand splice variants in neurophysiological specialization. A parallel study performed on rodent brains showed that the data drawn from human and rodent tissues may not necessarily correlate in the process of aging. 相似文献
67.
Gravet A Camdessoucens G Murbach V Barrand P Boucher A Boulenc A De Briel D Delarbre JM Drzewinski JC Flipo JL Gherardi C Grawey I Gueudet T Heidt A Herzig V Izraelewicz D Jehl F Kientz P Lantz V Lemble C Pierrot P Rieder C Riehm D Tytgat F 《Pathologie-biologie》2007,55(8-9):424-428
OBJECTIVES: Between 1st January 2005 and 31st December 2005, 232 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected in the Alsace county from participating laboratories (one from university hospital, 7 from general hospitals and 12 private laboratories) to assess their susceptibility to penicillin and evaluated serogroups of strains. METHOD: The coordinating centre performed MICs by the reference agar dilution test, interpreted according to CA-SFM breakpoints. Others antibiotics (erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline...) were tested by agar diffusion, ATB-PNEUMO gallery or VITEK gallery (BioMérieux, France) by each participating laboratory. Data were processed, using 4th dimension software. RESULTS: Strains were collected from 151 blood samples, 38 ear pus, 11 cerebrospinal fluids, 8 pleural liquids and 24 representative pulmonary samples. The prevalence of pneumococci with decreased susceptibility to penicillin G (PDSP) is 35.1% (pulmonary samples excluded). The rate of PNSP decreases for all types of samples compared with other years of surveillance 2003 (44.0%). The rate of blood samples decreases for first time between the creation of Pneumococcal Observatory. The high-level resistance tend to decrease and began low. The PDSP are rather resistant to erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and fosfomycin. Among the PDSP, the most prevalent serotypes were 14, 19, 6 and 9. CONCLUSION: Among pneumococcal strains, the rate of PDSP tend however to decrease in 2005 compared with 2003. The rate stays inferior to the observed rates in other French counties where the same decreasing is described. 相似文献
68.
Identification of prediabetes in first-degree relatives at intermediate risk of type I diabetes
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Clinical and experimental immunology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Truyen I De Grijse J Weets I Kaufman L Pipeleers L Nanos N Decochez K Hilbrands R Kaufman JM Keymeulen B Mathieu C Van Gaal L Pipeleers DG Gorus FK;Belgian Diabetes Registry 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2007,149(2):243-250
Prevention trials of type I diabetes are limited by recruitment of individuals at high risk of the disease. We investigated whether demographic and biological characteristics can identify rapid progressors among first-degree relatives of known patients at intermediate (< 10%) 5-year risk. Diabetes-associated antibodies, random proinsulin : C-peptide (PI/C) ratio and HLA DQ genotype were determined (repeatedly) in 258 islet antibody-positive IA-2Antibody-negative (Abpos/IA-2Aneg) normoglycaemic first-degree relatives. During follow-up (median 81 months), 14 of 258 Abpos/IA-2Aneg relatives developed type I diabetes; 13 (93%) of them had persistent antibodies conferring a 12% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5-19%] 5-year risk of diabetes. In Abpos/IA-2Aneg relatives with persistent antibodies (n = 126), the presence of >/= 1 HLA DQ susceptibility haplotype in the absence of a protective haplotype (P = 0.033) and appearance on follow-up of a high PI/C ratio (P = 0.007) or IA-2A-positivity (P = 0.009) were identified as independent predictors of diabetes. In persistently antibody-positive relatives with HLA DQ risk a recurrently high PI/C ratio or development of IA-2A identified a subgroup (n = 32) comprising 10 of 13 (77%) prediabetic relatives and conferred a 35% (95% CI: 18-53%) 5-year risk. Under age 15 years, 5-year progression (95% CI) was 57% (30-84%) and sensitivity 62%. In the absence of IA-2A, the combination of antibody persistence, HLA DQ risk and elevated PI/C ratio or later development of IA-2A and young age defines a subgroup of relatives with a high risk of type I diabetes (>/= 35% in 5 years). Together with initially IA-2A-positive relatives these individuals qualify for standardized beta cell function tests in view of prevention trials. 相似文献
69.
70.
Duband S Raoux D Dumollard JM Debout M Péoc'h M 《La Revue de médecine interne / fondée ... par la Société nationale francaise de médecine interne》2008,29(2):94-99
PURPOSE: Clinical autopsy rate have been declining since the 1950s, but it remains a useful investigation tool. METHODS AND RESULTS: Through six examples of our experience, we underline its interest for clinical, didactic and public health purposes. CONCLUSIONS: We try to understand the reasons for its decline and, as demonstrated, it can be attributed to a number of factors. These need to be addressed in order to reassert the status of the autopsy as an investigation and audit tool which is crucial to the future effectiveness of modern medicine. 相似文献