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Etter EM Seck I Grosbois V Jori F Blanco E Vial L Akakpo AJ Bada-Alhambedji R Kone P Roger FL 《Emerging infectious diseases》2011,17(1):49-54
In Senegal, during 2002-2007, 11 outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) were reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health. Despite this, little was known of the epidemiology of ASF in the country. To determine the prevalence of ASF in Senegal in 2006, we tested serum specimens collected from a sample of pigs in the 3 main pig-farming regions for antibodies to ASF virus using an ELISA. Of 747 serum samples examined, 126 were positive for ASF, suggesting a prevalence of 16.9%. The estimated prevalences within each of the regions (Fatick, Kolda, and Ziguinchor) were 13.3%, 7.8%, and 22.1%, respectively, with statistical evidence to suggest that the prevalence in Ziguinchor was higher than in Fatick or Kolda. This regional difference is considered in relation to different farming systems and illegal trade with neighboring countries where the infection is endemic. 相似文献
13.
Ismaila Shittu Lanre K. Sulaiman Dorcas A. Gado Anthony N. Egbuji Mwapu D. Ndahi Ezekiel Pam 《Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry》2016,37(4):368-375
Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of chickens with outbreaks resulting in high economic losses due to increased mortality and drop in egg production. This study reports a survey of ILT virus antibody conducted in nine local government areas (LGAs) of Plateau State involving 67 randomly selected commercial poultry flocks. In all, 938 sera were tested using the Agar Gel Immuno-diffusion (AGID) technique. Overall prevalence of 1.2% (N = 11) was recorded. ILT virus antibody was found in 2.5% (n = 9) and 7.1% (n = 2) of the tested sera from Jos South and Langtang North LGAs, respectively. No detectable ILT virus antibody was found from the other seven LGAs. This is the first report of ILT infection in poultry from the North central part of Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that the economic implication of ILT infection in Nigerian poultry population be conducted in order to know if vaccination should be adopted for control. 相似文献
14.
This paper examines the linkages between socioeconomic characteristics, attitudes, and familial contraceptive use. Past family planning programs in Nigeria have been mainly directed toward women. However, because northern Nigeria (and to a slightly lesser extent all of Nigeria) remains a patrilineal society characterised by early age at marriage for women, men at present continue to determine familial fertility and contraceptive decisions. Consequently, at least for the time period relevant for current policy planning purposes, the willingness of husbands to adopt or allow their spouses to use family planning practices will determine the pace of fertility reduction in Nigeria. The results suggest that there is high knowledge of contraceptives, a generally negative attitude towards limiting family size for economic reasons, and consequently low rates of contraceptive use. Respondents who were willing to use contraceptives were more willing to use them for child spacing purposes than explicitly for limiting family size. Path-analytic decompositions of the effects of predictor variables show that education has the largest direct and total effects on contraceptive use while specific knowledge of contraceptives has the smallest direct and total effect (as well as a paradoxical negative direct effect when education is included in the model). Most importantly, attitudes have the largest direct effect on contraceptive use with a standardized coefficient value of 781. Thus, since knowledge of contraceptive is already high among even those respondents who do not use contraceptives, the attitudes of males are especially important for decisions about contraceptive use. As a result, family planning programs that continue to focus solely on women will continue to achieve only limited successes in northern Nigeria (and likely in the many patrilineal societies where similar programs are pursued). 相似文献
15.
Stephen D. Walter Afisi S. Ismaila Deborah J. Cook Mohit Bhandari Kari A.O. Tikkinen Gordon H. Guyatt 《Journal of clinical epidemiology》2013,66(7):768-774
ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between clinical experience and clinician compliance with the study protocol in randomized clinical trials.Study Design and SettingA recent randomized trial of surgical techniques for tibial fracture fixation. We consider rates of treatment crossovers and other noncompliance as a function of the relevant experience of the surgeon. We also examined the effects of noncompliance on patient outcomes.ResultsCrossovers from assigned treatment to the alternative occurred much more frequently in one arm than the other. The impact of surgical experience on crossovers was less clear, although there was some evidence that noncompliance with more difficult surgery was more frequent for less experienced surgeons. This raises the possibility that experience may be an important factor in other scenarios, affecting both compliance and patient outcomes.ConclusionIn randomized clinical trials, noncompliance by clinicians with the randomly assigned treatment can be highly detrimental to the power of the study. Further research is needed in this area to identify, quantify, and understand the factors associated with noncompliance, including clinical experience. 相似文献
16.
Taofik Akinyemi Shittu Oluwaseun Ogunjinmi Ibukun Adekola Ola Olajide Philip Sobukola Olajide Mark Sogunle Tajudeen Muraina Olayanju 《Journal of Culinary Science & Technology》2016,14(1):22-35
The potential of using starch-albumen powder (SAP) as solid coating powder for fried food application was studied. Egg albumen was mixed with 10–30% dried starch and dried at 40–60°C air velocity of 4.5 m/s to produce SAP. SAP was used to coat wet yam chips prior to frying at 180°C for 3 min. The drying temperature and starch content in SAP significantly affected the oil uptake and moisture of fried chips. The increased amount of albumen (or reduced starch) content significantly reduced oil uptake. The sensory attributes influenced the overall acceptability of the fried chips in the order of taste > flavor > texture > appearance. To minimize oil uptake and moisture content and maximize acceptability of the fried chips, SAP dried at temperature of 40°C with starch content of 11.3% should be used. The study further indicates the potential of using SAP as coating in some other food products. 相似文献
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Sawka AM Ismaila N Raina P Thabane L Straus S Adachi JD Gafni A Papaioannou A 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2010,56(11):e392-e397
OBJECTIVE
To garner Canadian physicians’ opinions on strategies to reduce hip fractures in long-term care (LTC) facilities, focusing on secondary prevention.DESIGN
A cross-sectional survey using a mailed, self-administered, written questionnaire.SETTING
Canada.PARTICIPANTS
Family physician members of the Ontario Long-Term Care Association (n = 165) and all actively practising geriatricians registered in the Canadian Medical Directory (n = 81).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The strength of recommendations for fracture-reduction strategies in LTC and barriers to implementing these strategies.RESULTS
Of the 246 physicians sent the questionnaire, 25 declined study materials and were excluded. Of the 221 remaining, 120 responded for a response rate of 54%. About two-thirds of respondents were family physicians (78 of 120) and the rest were mostly geriatricians. Most respondents strongly recommended the following secondary prevention strategies for use in LTC after hip fracture: calcium, vitamin D, oral aminobisphosphonates, physical therapy, and environmental modification (such as handrails). Most respondents either did not recommend or recommended limited use of etidronate, intravenous bisphosphonates, calcitonin, raloxifene, testosterone (for hypogonadal men), and teriparatide. Postmenopausal hormone therapy was discouraged or not recommended by most respondents. Support was mixed for the use of hip protectors, B vitamins, and folate. Barriers to implementation identified by most respondents included a lack of strong evidence of hip fracture reduction (for B vitamins and folate, cyclic etidronate, and testosterone), side effects (for postmenopausal hormone therapy), poor compliance (for hip protectors), and expense (for intravenous bisphosphonates and teriparatide). Some respondents cited side effects or poor compliance as barriers to using calcium and potent oral bisphosphonates.CONCLUSION
Canadian physicians favour the use of calcium, vitamin D, potent oral bisphosphonates, physical therapy, and evironmental modifications for LTC residents after hip fracture. Further study at the clinical and administrative levels is required to find ways to overcome the specific barriers to implementation and effectiveness of these interventions. 相似文献19.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with cervical cancer seen in a tertiary referral center in northern Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2002 and December 2004, 70 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed cervical cancer, with a median age of 48 years (range, 30-75 years), were interviewed on the basis of a structured pro forma. RESULTS: Of these patents, 39 (56%) had had no formal education, and 36 (51%) were unemployed housewives. Sixty (86%) had become sexually active before 17 years of age; 44 (63%) were in polygamous families, and 25 (36%) patients were in at least a second marriage. There was an average of 6.8 live births per patient. Vaginal bleeding was seen in all patients, and 55 (79%) had vaginal discharges; 50 (71%) had a bulky cervical mass, and 46 (66%) presented with at least Stage IIIA disease. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histology. The three HIV-seropositive patients were young and had advanced disease. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic factors, such as low socioeconomic level, early age at first sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partners, place women at high risk of developing cervical cancer in northern Nigeria. Late presentation with advanced disease predominates. 相似文献
20.
Lehana Thabane Jinhui Ma Rong Chu Ji Cheng Afisi Ismaila Lorena P Rios Reid Robson Marroon Thabane Lora Giangregorio Charles H Goldsmith 《BMC medical research methodology》2010,10(1):1
Pilot studies for phase III trials - which are comparative randomized trials designed to provide preliminary evidence on the
clinical efficacy of a drug or intervention - are routinely performed in many clinical areas. Also commonly know as “feasibility”
or “vanguard” studies, they are designed to assess the safety of treatment or interventions; to assess recruitment potential;
to assess the feasibility of international collaboration or coordination for multicentre trials; to increase clinical experience
with the study medication or intervention for the phase III trials. They are the best way to assess feasibility of a large,
expensive full-scale study, and in fact are an almost essential pre-requisite. Conducting a pilot prior to the main study
can enhance the likelihood of success of the main study and potentially help to avoid doomed main studies. The objective of
this paper is to provide a detailed examination of the key aspects of pilot studies for phase III trials including: 1) the
general reasons for conducting a pilot study; 2) the relationships between pilot studies, proof-of-concept studies, and adaptive
designs; 3) the challenges of and misconceptions about pilot studies; 4) the criteria for evaluating the success of a pilot
study; 5) frequently asked questions about pilot studies; 7) some ethical aspects related to pilot studies; and 8) some suggestions
on how to report the results of pilot investigations using the CONSORT format. 相似文献