Amelioration of Neurosensory Structure and Function in Animal and Cellular Models of a Congenital Blindness

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Increasing of SIgA serum levels may reflect subclinical intestinal involvement in non-radiographic axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis

Clinical Rheumatology - The evidence shows that previous infection with enteric pathogens is a requirement to develop pSpA. Based on our previous results, variances on regulation of SIgA might...     

Correlation study between prolactin and androgens in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis was studied in 8 male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), both before and after intravenous administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). We provide evidence herein that resting serum levels of estrone are increased and that resting serum testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels are decreased in male patients with SLE. The decreased serum T levels were observed even after the IV administration of 25 micrograms of LH-RH. The high basal serum prolactin (PRL) levels observed in these patients with SLE is a novel finding not previously reported that could explain why serum T and DHT levels are low in this syndrome. We observed a decrease in the pituitary response to LH-RH stimulation; this low response could also be a hormonal manifestation of hyperprolactinemia. Furthermore, it has been suggested that PRL plays a role in immunocompetence, and therefore it could have influence either directly or indirectly in the altered immunoregulation observed in SLE.     

D-14 Monoclonal antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen: immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded human colorectal carcinoma,tumors of non-colorectal origin and normal tissues

Summary The reactivity of D-14 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to a specific epitope of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was evaluated on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. A total of 52 normal tissues, 90 colorectal carcinomas and 127 non-colorectal neoplasms were tested using the peroxidase/antiperoxidase technique. D-14 mAb did not react with normal tissues apart from producing a weak staining of normal colonic glands immediately adjacent to the neoplastic structures. All 61 primary and 29 metastatic colorectal carcinomas expressed the carcinoembryonic antigen. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in cellular antigen expression in both primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas with 10%–99% of tumor cells staining. Of 22 stomach adenocarcinomas, 14 were also immunoreactive, as were 2 of 5 pancreatic carcinomas. Only 6 of 100 neoplasms of non-gastrointestinal origin expressed weak to moderate immunoreactivity. In 7 cases, colorectal micrometastases not recognized in conventional hematoxylin and eosin slides could be identified with D-14 mAb. The specificity of this antibody could be used in differentiating colorectal carcinomas from other types of tumors, including adenocarcinoma from other sites.This paper was presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research Inc., San Francisco, California     

Electron Microscopy Renders the Diagnostic Capabilities of Cytopathology More Precise: An Approach to Everyday Practice

Cytology is a powerful diagnostic tool but to make definitive diagnoses, the use of ancillary techniques is imperative. By combining immunohistochemistry (IHC) and electron microscopy (EM), cytologic diagnoses can be as precise as those of surgical pathology. In the authors' daily practice of cytopathology they use all ancillary techniques available to them: histochemistry, IHC, EM, flow cytometry, and molecular pathology. IHC is frequently used as an ancillary technique in their daily practice but EM is many times their technique of choice. By the use of EM the authors can make specific final diagnoses, make the diagnosis more definitive, narrow the differential diagnosis, or determine the origin of a neoplasm with unknown primary site. Specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration as well as all body fluids are suitable for EM. The limiting factor is to obtain the appropriate material with the diagnostic cells for ultrastructural examination. The common diagnostic dilemmas in the everyday practice of cytology are the following: mesothelioma vs. adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine differentiation or not, the distinction of melanoma from adenocarcinoma and sarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma vs. adenocarcinoma, and the origin of adenocarcinomas of unknown primary. The authors discuss how they approach these diagnostic problems in their everyday practice and how they incorporate EM in solving them.     

The Value of Electron Microscopy in the Diagnosis of IgA Nephropathy

Electron microscopy plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of renal diseases in general. IgA nephropathy represents a heterogeneous disease clinically and morphologically. There are a number of conditions that need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. The renal pathologist must wisely integrate the light microscopic, immunofluorescence, and ultrastructural data when evaluating cases in which IgA nephropathy is a consideration. Electron microscopy can be crucial in providing information either to support a diagnosis of IgA nephropathy or to aid in the diagnosis of one of its mimics.