Venous Lake of the Lip Treated With a Sclerosing Agent: Report of Two Cases

BACKGROUND: A venous lake is a venous ectasia that appears mostly on the lower lip and other sun-exposed areas of an older person. Treatment of lip venous lake includes surgical excision, laser therapy, infrared coagulation, and cryotherapy. Although the use of sclerotherapy on varicose veins, leg telangiectasia, hemorrhoids, and hemangiomas is well established, the use of sclerotherapy for lip venous lake has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We present two cases of lip venous lake treated with intralesional injection of 1% polidocanol. METHOD: Two cases are reported, and literature is reviewed. RESULT: The lesions virtually disappeared, leaving an inconspicuous scar, with two sessions of sclerotherapy. Side effects were not observed. CONCLUSION: Sclerotherapy with polidocanol is effective in the treatment of lip venous lake and offers an alternative to conventional methods.     

Sympathoadrenal excitation and inhibition by lower brainstem stimulation in cats

Effects of stimulation of brainstem sites on hemodynamics and plasma catecholamine levels were assessed in cats under chloralose-urethane anesthesia. Pressor areas of the dorsal medulla (DM) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and the depressor area of the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN) were stimulated electrically using a monopolar electrode, or chemically using sodium glutamate microinjection. Plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) were measured in caval blood above the adrenal veins. Electrical stimulation of the DM and VLM produced increases in blood pressure and in plasma NE and EPI levels that were enhanced after acute vagotomies. The NE and EPI responses were attenuated after acute, bilateral adrenalectomies, confirming augmented adrenomedullary secretion, whereas the pressor responses were intact. Injection of sodium glutamate into the same pressor regions of the DM or VLM also produced pressor responses and elevated plasma catecholamine levels, indicating that the responses resulted from activation of neuronal perikarya. Stimulation of the PRN attenuated pressor and catecholamine responses during stimulation of the DM and VLM. The results indicate that pressor responses during stimulation of the DM and VLM are due at least partly to activation of perikarya in these regions, are associated with but not dependent on adrenomedullary activation, and are enhanced after vagotomy; and that neurons of the PRN exert inhibitory modulation of the pressor and adrenomedullary responses during stimulation of VLM and DM.     

Rebound intracranial hypertension after treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is characterized by orthostatic headache and the cause is usually cerebrospinal fluid leaks in spine level. Most patients with SIH have a benign course. Epidural blood patch (EBP) is the treatment of choice when initial conservative managements are ineffective. We reported a patient with SIH diagnosed by using magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide cisternography. Acute rebound intracranial hypertension developed after EBP and was successfully treated with intravenous osmotic agent.     

Medical Cure of a Brainstem Abscess and Serial Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials

The brainstem abscess of a nine-year-old girl with tetralogy of Fallot was cured after six weeks of parenteral antibiotic therapy, without surgical intervention. Serial studies of brainstem auditory evoked potentials were undertaken until the patient was clinically normal. To the authors' knowledge, this is only the second medically cured case reported in the literature, and it is the first case studied with serial brainstem auditory evoked potentials. If the clinical status allows, medical treatment of a brainstem abscess with appropriate antibiotics could be tried before surgical intervention such as stereotactic aspiration for reducing the mass.     

Coexistence of autonomic and somatic mechanisms in the pressor areas of medulla in cats.

The effects of electrical stimulation and microinjection of sodium glutamate (0.5 M) in the sympathetic pressor areas of the dorsal medulla (DM), ventrolateral medulla (VLM), and parvocellular nucleus (PVC) on the knee jerk, crossed extension, and evoked potential of the L5 ventral root produced by intermittent electrical stimulation were studied in 98 adult cats anesthetized with chloralose and urethane. During electrical and glutamate stimulation of these pressor areas, in addition to the rise of systemic arterial blood pressure marked inhibition of the spinal reflex was produced, indicating presence of neuronal perikarya responsible for these actions. Mild to moderate augmentation of spinal reflexes was also observed during brain stimulation but only in a few cases. The magnitude of the somatic effects among the pressor areas of the VLM, DM, and PVC subsequent to glutamate activation was about the same. Induced spinal reflex inhibition, independent from the baroreceptor and vagal influence, remained essentially unaltered after acute midcollicular decerebration. The inhibition was also observed in cats decerebellated 8-10 days in advance. The inhibition was not affected after bilateral electrolytic- or kainic-acid-induced lesions in the paramedian reticular nucleus (PRN). On the contrary, PRN-induced spinal reflex inhibition was attenuated after bilateral lesions in the DM or VLM. Data suggest that there coexists neuronal subpopulations in the VLM, DM, and PVC that can affect both the sympathetic pressor systems and spinal reflexes.     

Complete hepatic venous isolation and extracorporeal chemofiltration as treatment for human hepatocellular carcinoma: A phase I study

Background: We performed a phase I study of a novel system of complete hepatic venous isolation and extracorporeal chemofiltration in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to determine (a) whether systemic exposure to doxorubicin could be limited after high-dose hepatic arterial infusion (HAI), and (b) the hepatic maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of doxorubicin. Methods: Ten patients with biopsy-proven HCC were treated with 20-min HAI of doxorubicin (17 total treatments). Two patients were treated with doxorubicin 60 mg/m², three patients were treated at 90 mg/m², and five patients received 120 mg/m². A newly developed dual-balloon vena cava catheter was advanced from the femoral vein, and the balloons were inflated to isolate and capture total hepatic venous outflow. The hepatic venous blood was pumped through extracorporeal carbon chemofilters before return of the blood to the systemic circulation. Results: Peak systemic doxorubicin levels were an average 85.6% lower than were peak prefilter levels (p<0.01). Because all catheters were placed percutaneously and because the chemofiltration markedly limited systemic chemotherapy exposure, patients were discharged 1 day after 16 of the 17 treatments. The hepatic and systemic MTD of doxorubicin in this treatment protocol was 120 mg/m². Conclusions: This novel system of complete hepatic venous isolation and chemofiltration limits systemic chemotherapy toxicity and will allow use of higher doses of chemotherapeutic agents to treat HCC. The results of this study were presented at the 46th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, California, March 18–21, 1993.