江门市3～6岁异常视力儿童屈光状态分析

目的了解江门市异常视力儿童屈光状态。方法对江门市幼儿园的8510名3～6岁儿童进行视力普查。对单眼裸眼视力<0.9者(1116例2232只眼)的屈光状态及弱视患儿的屈光状态进行了分析。结果屈光不正总患病率为13.01%;远视、混合散光、近视患病率依次为9.85%、2.36%、0.80%(P<0.05);轻、中、重度屈光不正患病率依次为7.34%、3.96%、1.70%(P<0.05);屈光不正有年龄特点(4岁组患病率高于其他年龄组);弱视患病率为3.74%;弱视首次检出率为88.23%。结论远视性屈光不正是导致弱视的主要原因。     

注意力缺陷及注意缺陷多动障碍患儿局部脑血流灌注的研究

【目的】探讨注意缺陷／多动障碍(ADHD)各亚型局部脑血流(rCBF)特点以及与不同临床类型的关系。【方法】用单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)测定了40例ADHD患儿和11例正常儿童rCBF灌注情况。【结果】定性分析结果显示，ADHD患儿低疋BF灌注量的发生率(57．5％)高于正常儿童(9％)，低灌注部位涉及额叶、颞叶、枕叶和丘脑，以额叶发生率最高；伴有多动一冲动组低rCBF注量的发生率(66．7％)高于注意缺陷组(47．3％)，同时，伴有多动一冲动组中在所有疋BF降低的脑区中，左侧占14例次，右侧占10例次，左右侧rCBF差异有显著性。【结论】额叶rCBF降低与ADHD行为抑制缺陷相关，同时左侧脑区血流下降与病情的严重程度相关。     

Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统生物学安全性评价研究

依据国家标准GB/T16175-1996,选择10项试验对Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统进行生物学安全性评价[1],结果表明该支架系统的血液相容性良好,无全身毒性和细胞毒性,无热源性、致敏性、刺激性,也无遗传毒性,组织相容性尚可,是一种生物相容性优良的Firebird冠脉涂膜支架系统.     

药品集中招标采购:公共政策分析与求解

针对我国药品集中招标采购实施过程中的现实困境,文章从利益主体各方力量严重失衡、中介代理机构外部力量失效等角度作出政策分析.在此基础上,作者考量和判断了药品集中招标采购政策的改革形势,并从制度本身的完善、相关制度改革的深化以及政府监管等方面提出对策建议.     

中国民营医院发展现状与趋势研究

采用文献分析法对我国民营医院的发展现状和趋势进行分析,结果认为我国民营医院发展速度较快,但规模偏小、医疗市场份额低,整体水平还远不具备与公立医院分庭抗衡的实力;在发展和政策支持上民营医院地区间发展不平衡,东部优于中西部;民营医院的发展面临空前大好的政策环境,以公有制医疗机构为主体,多种所有制形式与经营方式并存,公平竞争、共同发展的医疗服务体系新格局开始逐步形成.     

光学相干断层成像(Optical Coherence Tomograpyhy,OCT)原理及应用

光学相干断层成像术(OpticalCoherenceTomography,OCT)是一种新的光学诊断技术,可进行活体眼组织显微镜结构的非接触式、非侵入性断层成像.OCT是超声的光学模似品,但其轴向分辨力取决于光源的相干特性,可达10um,且穿透深度几乎不受眼透明屈光介质的限制,可观察眼前节,又能显示眼后节的形态结构,在眼内疾病尤其是视网膜疾病的诊断,随访观察及治疗效果评价等方面具有良好的应用前景.     

Postero-medio-anterior approach of the ankle for the pilon fracture

A good view of the operative field is important for better reduction and fixation in surgical treatment of fractures. The exposure of the ankle joint for the pilon fracture is commonly through the anterior approach, or combined with the medical approach. But sometimes it is still difficult to have complete viewing of the articular surface and to apply internal fixation by that approach. In recent years, we developed a "postero-medio-anterior" approach of the ankle joint by one incision. This approach provides an excellent exposure of the anterior, medial and posterior aspects of the ankle joint with a clear view of the articular surface. In our 45 cases of pilon fracture during 1991 to 1995, there was no incisional injury to the neurovascular bundle. Superficial wound edge necrosis was noted in two cases which healed later without further procedure. Therefore, we recommend this approach as a simple and reliable incision for open reduction of pilon fractures.     

免疫组织化学法在鼻窦真菌球诊断中的价值

目的　研究鼻窦真菌球的主要致病菌种 ,探索组织切片中快速鉴定主要条件致病真菌的组织病理学方法。方法　 2 5例鼻窦真菌球患者接受鼻窦病变清除术 ,对其组织病理标本分别进行了碘酸雪夫染色 (paraaminosalicylic ,PAS)和免疫组织化学染色 ,并比较两种方法的敏感性。 结果鼻窦真菌球以上颌窦发病率最高 ,其次是蝶窦。致病真菌检测 :曲霉菌感染 2 3例 (92 % ) ,白色念珠菌感染2例 (8% )。鼠抗曲霉单克隆抗体、兔抗白色念珠菌多克隆抗体可以分别鉴定组织中的曲霉菌和白色念珠菌。免疫组化和PAS染色的敏感性差异无显著性 (χ2 =0 2 72 ,P >0 0 5 )。结论鼻窦真菌球感染以曲霉菌属多见 ,免疫组化技术具有抗原特异性强、诊断快速的特点 ,为确定鼻窦组织的真菌感染以及鉴定真菌菌属提供了新的可靠方法     

Blunt hepatic injury: minimal intervention is the policy of treatment

BACKGROUND: Many publications recommend nonoperative treatment for stable blunt hepatic injury patients. Unstable hemodynamic status is the only indication for surgery. When operation is indicated, controversies exist regarding which operative procedure will be more beneficial to the patients. The purposes of this study are to compare the results of operative and nonoperative management of patients with blunt hepatic injuries and to identify the optimal surgical approach when surgery is indicated. METHODS: Different prospective protocols of treating adult blunt hepatic injuries were conducted. From 1992 to 1993 (group I), urgent surgery would be performed in the presence of hemoperitoneum. The policy shifted to aggressive nonoperative approach between 1996 and 1997 (group II). The patients from each period were divided into three subgroups. Group A included the patients who received nonoperative treatment in either period. Group B consisted of the patients who received surgery in the first period and nonoperative management in the second period. Group C included the patients who were operated on in either group. Comparisons were made between matched groups. RESULTS: Groups IA and IIA patients had minor injuries and could be successfully treated nonoperatively. The results of groups IB and IIB were similar concerning hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Transfusion requirements of group IIB patients were significantly higher (2.2 vs. 1.1 units,p = 0.01) than those of group IB. However, 25 (58%) celiotomies of group IB patients were nontherapeutic. When surgery was indicated, group IC patients had significantly higher liver-related mortality (14 of 49 vs. 3 of 55, p = 0.002). Anatomic resection was performed more frequently in that period. CONCLUSION: Nonoperative treatment significantly decreased the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy but carried the risks of higher transfusion requirements and delaying operation. When surgery was indicated, the policy of minimal intervention positively affected the patients' outcomes. The goal of surgery should be hemorrhage control rather than resection of the injured liver tissues.