维纳托克在肝癌细胞中的抗肿瘤活性及其机制

目的探讨维纳托克(Venetoclax)在HepG2、Hep3B 2个肝癌细胞株的抗癌活性。方法对人肝癌细胞株HepG2、Hep3B细胞株进行体外培养,采用不同浓度的Venetoclax(0、3、10、30μmol/L)处理肝癌细胞,以细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)检测细胞活性,0,3,10和30μmol/L Venetoclax作用细胞48 h,锥虫蓝拒染法检测细胞的死亡,0,5μmol/L Venetoclax,作用24 h,流式细胞学检测细胞凋亡率,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测Venetoclax诱导半胱氨酰天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶(Caspase)-3活化,聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)裂解。组间比较采用t检验。结果Venetoclax对HepG2、Hep3B细胞株均有较强活性抑制作用。不同浓度的Venetoclax处理肝癌细胞48、72 h,Venetoclax在HepG2细胞株中取得的半数细胞活性抑制率(IC50)值分别为46.5μmol/L和14.2μmol/L;在Hep3B细胞的IC50值分别为24.6μmol/L和11.2μmol/L。处理24 h,30.0μmol/L的Venetoclax在HepG2和Hep3B细胞株中诱导57%[对照组、实验组凋亡率分别为(4.00±1.00)%、(56.67±8.51)%,t=-10.650,P<0.01]和54%[对照组、实验组凋亡率分别为(5.67±1.53)%、(54.33±9.87)%,t=-8.440,P<0.01]的肝癌细胞发生凋亡,并能诱导肝癌细胞的Caspase-3活化,PARP裂解,差异均有统计学意义。用0、3、10和30μmol/L的Venetoclax处理48 h,在HepG2细胞株中可诱导3%(3.26±1.71)%,12%[(12.36±1.99)%,(t=-12.36,P<0.05)],32%[(32.38±4.57)%,(t=-10.350,P<0.01)]和67%[(66.71±6.29)%,(t=-16.86,P<0.01)]的细胞死亡,差异均有统计学意义;在Hep3B细胞株诱导2%(1.91±0.68)%,16%[(15.72±3.40)%,(t=-6.890,P<0.05)],42%[(42.39±6.86)%,(t=-10.180,P<0.01)]和73%[(73.32±2.69)%,t=-44.490,P<0.01]的细胞死亡,差异均有统计学意义。应用半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)抑制剂预处理,Venetoclax对HepG2和Hep3B细胞的死亡率分别从56%(56.71±6.29)%降低至11%(10.70±1.43)%,(t=12.350,P<0.01)和68%(68.05±10.16)%至12%(12.7±6.12)%,(t=8.080,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。结论Venetoclax能够通过诱导Caspase的活化,诱导肝癌细胞发生凋亡,并对肝癌细胞进行杀伤。     

Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for clinical assessment of vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D is responsible for multiple metabolic functions in humans. Rickets are the most common disease caused by vitamin D deficiency. It is caused by poor calcium intake resulting in poor serum-ionized calcium. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid, sensitive, and feasible method to determine the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels in blood samples for clinical assessment. In this study, gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry with trimethylsilyl derivatization (TMS-GC-MS) is the most suitable protocol for quantitative analyses of 25(OH)D3. Performance of method was evaluated and compared with liquid chromatography and immunoassay. Method validation has been carried out with plasma specimens. The limit of quantitation of TMS-GC-MS method is 1.5 ppb with good linear correlation. Furthermore, the dietary intake and nutritional status of vegetarian and non-vegetarians in Taiwan were assessed by our validated method. As a result, this vitamin D nutrition survey demonstrates that most Taiwanese people have insufficient vitamin D. Due to dietary habits; the male vegans may have the highest risk of vitamin D deficiency.     

负压进针在心血管内科病人中的应用

[目的]探讨负压进针在心血管内科病人的静脉输注中是否优于常规进针法.[方法]将2004年1月-2005年6月我科收治且静脉穿刺难度大的病人随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组150例应用负压进针法,对照组150例应用常规进针法,比较两组的穿刺成功率和回血率.[结果]负压进针法比常规进针法的穿刺成功率提高了12%,回血率提高了13%,两组间穿刺成功率和回血率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).[结论]负压进针大大提高了穿刺成功率和回血率,减少了病人的痛苦,提高护理人员的工作效率和住院病人满意度.     

Comparison of the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) and the Taiwan Triage System in predicting resource utilization.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The importance of accurate triage in Taiwan is becoming more apparent with the increasing number of emergency department (ED) patients, and resources for the National Health Insurance becoming constrained. This study compared the ability of the Taiwan triage system (TTS) and the standardized 5-level Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage system to predict ED resource utilization. METHODS: Patients arriving at the ED were triaged by both TTS and by using a two-page checklist of ESI criteria during the 3-month study period. The ESI triage level was calculated independently to avoid bias. Disease category (trauma vs. nontrauma), length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization data were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 3172 patients with both ESI and TWN evaluation were included. The distributions of ESI ratings within TTS level 1 were: ESI 1, 21.1%; ESI 2, 68.1%; ESI 3, 7.4%; ESI 4, 3.4%; ESI 5, 0%. For TTS level 3, they were: ESI 1, 0.1%; ESI 2, 26.2%; ESI 3, 39.5%; ESI 4, 27.5%; ESI 5, 6.8%. Hospitalization rates were 74.5%, 40.9% and 22.2% in TTS levels 1, 2 and 3, respectively; and were 96.2%, 47.0%, 30.9%, 6.7%and 6.6% in ESI levels 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. TTS triaged more trauma patients as life-threatening/emergent condition than nontrauma patients (68.8% vs. 48.4%, p < 0.001). Triage by ESI, however, showed no significant difference in the percentage of trauma and nontrauma patients with highly acute conditions (44.2% vs. 46.6%, p = 0.230). Patients with ESI level 4 or 5 have significantly shorter ED LOS than those with ESI level 3. CONCLUSION: ESI produces more accurate discriminating patient acuity, ED LOS and hospitalization rate than TTS. Adopting a standardized 5-level triage tool might improve resource utilization planning of ED practice.