成人阴茎的三维数字化图像分析

目的对成人阴茎进行三维数字化图像分析,为阴茎整形修复获得手术前后形变参数及手术方案的选择,提供精确的形态学数据。方法采用Angel数字快速测量诊断系统,分别测量200例正常成人阴茎安静状态和勃起时的长度、周长、以及勃起时角度与阴茎长度、周径的关系。结果随着年龄和身高增长,阴茎也随之增长;身高与阴茎长度不成正比;阴茎勃起时随着角度的增加硬度增强,但勃起硬度变化时阴茎体积无明显变化。结论从不同径线不同角度对阴茎进行计算机三维测量分析,为阴茎整形修复术前设计、术后效果评价提供重要的量化指标。     

腔内激光治疗大隐静脉曲张192例报告

目的 探讨腔内激光治疗大隐静脉曲张的疗效。方法 2004年7月～2006年3月我院对192例238条肢体大隐静脉曲张行高位结扎、激光烧灼静脉主干和小腿曲张静脉。小腿局部严重曲张的静脉团,另做切口做局部切除或点状抽拨。结果 本组一次治愈率96.2%（229/238）。9例9条肢体术后因仍有少量曲张静脉存在,局麻下行切除或再次激光治愈。114例大隐静脉主干及小腿局部条索状硬结、疼痛;9例皮肤灼伤。术后住院时间4～8 d,平均5.6 d。158例随访1～18个月,平均11.6月,未见复发。结论 腔内激光治疗大隐静脉曲张效果确切,创伤小。     

Pathways from first health care seeking to diagnosis: obstacles to tuberculosis care in rural China.

OBJECTIVE: To examine health care seeking pathways for patients with tuberculosis (TB) and barriers related to these pathways in counties under the National TB Control Programme in rural China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two counties of east China in 2004-2005. A total of 557 TB patients were recruited and interviewed by physicians at the time of TB diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 557 participants, 13.3% had presented to a specialised county TB dispensary (CTD) directly after onset of symptoms, 31.4% had first sought care at a village health station and 51.2% had visited a township or county hospital first. The proportion of referral by a first health care provider to a CTD was highest in county level hospitals (73.5%) and lowest in village health stations (21.7%). The most prompt pathway from first health care seeking to TB diagnosis was to visit a CTD directly, with a median provider's delay of only one day. There was an increase in provider's delay when more health facilities were involved. CONCLUSION: To improve direct referral from general health care providers, especially village health care workers, to TB specialists would significantly shorten the delays in TB diagnosis in rural China.     

Policy Perspective on Housing and HIV/AIDS

For persons battling HIV/AIDS a stable place to live may decide the length and quality of life itself. It is nearly impossible for a person on the streets to engage in a needed continuous AIDS treatment regimen when the very basic question of where that person will rest his or her head when darkness comes in just a few hours is unresolved. When danger lurks on the streets, when cold numbs the limbs, when tiredness overwhelms the mind, when fear breaks the spirit, a place to call home would make all the difference.     

Pelvic Ring Fractures: Utility of Clinical Examination in Patients with Impaired Consciousness or Tracheal Intubation

Abstract Objective: To define the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination in patients with impaired consciousness or endotracheal intubation to detect pelvic ring fractures and to identify those with severe bleeding. Methods: Included in this prospective data collection with retrolective data analysis were a consecutive series of blunt trauma victims with either a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 13 or tracheal intubation. Clinical examination comprised testing for stability of the iliac wings. Results: From 784 subjects (injury severity score 23.3 ± 17.4) 93 patients (11.9%) were found to have a pelvic ring fracture. Clinical instability of the pelvic ring was found in 42 patients. There was only one false positive. Fifty-two fractures could not be identified by clinical examination, including nine fractures (17%) that required surgical fracture stabilization (sensitivity of clinical examination 44.1%). Seventeen fractures (18.3%) were associated with a blood loss larger than 20% of circulating blood volume. Sixteen of those were identified by clinical instability of the pelvic ring (sensitivity 94.1%, specificity 97.0%, positive predictive value 38.1%, negative predictive value 99.9%). Conclusions: Clinical examination for stability of the pelvis in this selected group of patients missed a significant number of pelvic ring fractures including fractures that require surgical stabilization. The finding of a clinically unstable identifies most of the patients with the pelvic ring fracture being a major source of bleeding. A stable pelvis makes pelvic ring fracture as being the source of bleeding quite unlikely.     

创伤性浮膝伴血管损伤的早期诊治

目的 探讨创伤性浮膝同时伴同侧血管损伤患者的早期诊断及救治.方法 总结1996年6月～2002年12月收治28例30个浮膝的手术固定方法、血管修复情况及术后治疗和恢复情况.结果 术后伤口一期愈合5例,17例伤口二期行植皮修复,4例胫前骨折部外露二期行皮瓣转移术,截肢2例,保肢成功率92.9%.术后26例经18个月～8年随访,骨折均愈合,下肢功能恢复优良率64.3%.结论 对浮膝损伤患者应高度重视伴有血管损伤可能,早期作出诊断,积极合理治疗,对患者预后至关重要.     

Classification tree analysis of second neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancer

Background  

Reports on childhood cancer survivors estimated cumulative probability of developing secondary neoplasms vary from 3,3% to 25% at 25 years from diagnosis, and the risk of developing another cancer to several times greater than in the general population.     

研究生主观幸福感与人格特征相关研究

目的探讨研究生的主观幸福感与人格的关系。方法采用艾森克人格问卷量表与总体主观幸福感量表（GWB）对200名研究生进行测验。结果（1）在专业、性别、年级、年龄、婚姻状况上及来源上，研究生的主观幸福感不存在显著差异。（2）相关分析表明外向性人格纬度与总体幸福感存在显著的正相关，神经质与总体幸福感存在显著的负相关。稳定外向型和稳定内向型人格的总体幸福感水平最高，其次是不稳定外向型人格，总体幸福感水平最低的是不稳定内向型人格。结论外向性与神经质等人格特征是影响研究生幸福感的重要因素。     

《麦克白》主人公的悲剧心理

《麦克白》在现代莎评中自身几乎转换成了充满原型的心理悲剧，它在女巫、鬼魂、超自然因素及阴暗的色彩等笼罩下充分展示悲剧主人公的潜意识心理及其极力保持心灵内外对统一的平衡的努力；主人公本我狂野的欲望及其在事后的病态心理表现正是他们意识内外失控的心态，犹如进入黑夜的漫长旅程。