香港妇幼卫生模式对开展社区妇幼保健工作的启示

本文介绍了香港卫生署家庭健康服务部的职能、组织结构、服务理念和香港母婴健康院、妇女健康中心的主要职责 ,以及医院在医疗保健中的作用。并借鉴香港的经验 ,结合本市的实际情况 ,提出了搞好社区妇幼保健工作 5条建议     

嵊泗县居民海水淡化水知信行调查

目的调查嵊泗县居民对海水淡化水的态度、相关知识的知晓程度和用水行为,了解海水淡化水用于市政供水可能存在的问题。方法采用整群分层抽样方法,对嵊泗县常住居民进行问卷调查。结果发放调查问卷690份,收回675份,应答率97.8%。淡化水知晓率为48.47%。34.5%的居民选择放心使用淡化水,跟随大多数人意见的比例为30.4%,有34.7%的居民选择坚决不使用淡化水。完全不以自来水作为饮用水的占47.2%。对淡化水相关信息的获取渠道主要是与他人的交流(44.6%),其次是网络等电子媒体(40.4%)。结论调查人群对海水淡化水的水质安全性存在一定的疑虑,对淡化水的接受程度不高。淡化水的相关知识了解不够全面可能是重要的影响因素。     

Time-series analysis of the risk factors for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: comparison of statistical models

Three conventional regression models were compared using the time-series data of the occurrence of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and several key climatic and occupational variables collected in low-lying land, Anhui Province, China. Model I was a linear time series with normally distributed residuals; model II was a generalized linear model with Poisson-distributed residuals and a log link; and model III was a generalized additive model with the same distributional features as model II. Model I was fitted using least squares whereas models II and III were fitted using maximum likelihood. The results show that the correlations between the HFRS incidence and the independent variables measured (i.e. difference in water level, autumn crop production and density of Apodemus agrarius) ranged from -0.40 to 0.89. The HFRS incidence was positively associated with density of A. agrarius and crop production, but was inversely associated with difference in water level. The residual analyses and the examination of the accuracy of the models indicate that model III may be the most suitable in the assessment of the relationship between the incidence of HFRS and the independent variables.     

2007年9～10月份杭州市大学生无偿献血分析

通过对9、10月份间杭州高校的无偿献血情况的分析,并以街头流动点的献血者作为对照,笔者发现高校大学生普遍对无偿献血有着积极态度,踊跃参加无偿献血.在这两个月间,此两类采血点共有14892例无偿献血者,其中高校学生5120例,占34.4%,是献血队伍中不可低估的力量.针对高校学生心理承受能力较差的特点,尤其是新生和初次献血者,心理疏导是重要的环节,采取防范措施,减轻献血后的不适反应,防止严重反应,确保在校大学生的安全,是有积极意义的.     

Performance experiments with a gas wave ejector equipped with curved channels and an analysis of the influence of channel angles

Gas wave ejectors (GWEs) utilize pressure waves to efficiently transfer energy between gases, and they have broad applications in the chemical industry. In order to improve the performance of GWEs, the influence of bending angles on GWE performance was studied and experiments involving a GWE equipped with curved channels were carried out for the first time in this study. The research results show that when the exhaust angle difference (φ_dout) is ≤−3.9° and the incident angle difference (φ_din) is >5.0° or ≤−5.0°, the equipment performance decreases with an increase in the absolute values of the angle differences. The maximum efficiency of the backward-curved-channel device is 61.6% within the experimental range. The experimental efficiency of the curved-channel device and the static-pressure proportion of the total pressure of the medium-pressure gas are enhanced in comparison with a traditional straight-channel device, and the operating power consumption is relatively reduced. Due to the difference between the gas incident and exhaust angles, the manner in which the performance of the curved-channel device varies with the rotation speed is different depending on the working conditions.

The effects of curved rotor channel for enhancing the efficiency of gas wave ejector, improving the portion of static pressure of medium-pressure gas, and reducing operating power consumption are studied by simulation and experiment.     

circ_0006089 promotes gastric cancer growth,metastasis, glycolysis,and angiogenesis by regulating miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1

Circular RNA (circRNA) participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including the development of gastric cancer (GC). However, the role of circ_0006089 in GC progression and its underlying molecular mechanism need to be further revealed. Quantitative real‐time PCR was utilized for detecting circ_0006089, microRNA (miR)‐361‐3p and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFB1) expression. The interaction between miR‐361‐3p and circ_0006089 or TGFB1 was confirmed using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were determined using colony formation assay, EdU assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and tube formation assay. Cell glycolysis was evaluated by detecting glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP levels. In addition, western blot (WB) analysis was used to measure protein expression. Xenograft tumor models were used to assess the effect of circ_0006089 knockdown on GC tumorigenesis. circ_0006089 had been found to be upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and it could act as an miR‐361‐3p sponge. circ_0006089 knockdown suppressed GC proliferation, metastasis, glycolysis, angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis, while this effect could be revoked by miR‐361‐3p inhibitor. TGFB1 was targeted by miR‐361‐3p, and its overexpression reversed the effects of miR‐361‐3p on GC cell function. Also, circ_0006089 promoted TGFB1 expression via sponging miR‐361‐3p. Animal experiments showed that silenced circ_0006089 inhibited GC tumorigenesis through the miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1 pathway. Our results revealed that the circ_0006089/miR‐361‐3p/TGFB1 axis contributed to GC progression, confirming that circ_0006089 might be a potential therapeutic target for GC.     

持续高产型AmpC酶的产生与抗菌药物应用关系的研究

目的了解抗菌药物对革兰阴性杆菌AmpC酶从诱导耐药型向持续高产型转变的影响作用。方法筛选携带诱导型菌株的患者作为研究对象,定期收集其感染标本,至转化为持续高产型,并对其菌种、基础疾病、期间抗菌药物使用种类及用量进行统计分析。结果 152株诱导型菌株中,68株转化为持续高产型,其中12株阴沟肠杆菌全部转化,转化率达100.0%;脑梗死患者的细菌更易转化(83.3%,OR=7.1);头孢菌素类(95.3%/64.6%)、多肽类(18.95%/15.5%)、青霉素类+β-内酰胺酶抑制剂(128.8%/276.0%)以及碳青酶烯类+β-内酰胺类(58.9%/82.3%)抗菌药物的用量对持续高产型AmpC酶的产生有着显著的影响(P0.05),其中后两者剂量与转化率呈正相关,前两者呈负相关。结论大剂量青霉素类+β-内酰胺酶抑制剂和碳青酶烯类+β-内酰胺类抗菌药物可能会促进诱导型产酶菌株转变为持续高产型产酶菌株。     

Season modifies the relationship between bone and blood lead levels: the Normative Aging Study

Bone serves as a repository for 75% and 90-95% of lead in children and adults, respectively. Bone lead mobilization heightens during times of increased bone turnover, such as pregnancy, lactation, hyperthyroidism, and the rapid growth of childhood. Blood lead levels show seasonal periodicity. Children demonstrate peak blood lead levels in mid-summer and a secondary peak in late winter. Pregnant women demonstrate the highest mean blood lead levels in winter (January-March) and the lowest in summer (July-September). This fluctuation in blood lead levels may be related to seasonal patterns of environmental exposures, but it may also be partially related to the increased mobilization of bone lead stores during the winter months. We performed bone lead measurements using a K-x-ray fluorescent instrument to determine micrograms of lead per gram of bone mineral (parts per million) in middle-aged and elderly men who participated in the Normative Aging Study. We obtained measurements of blood and bone lead during the high sun exposure months of May-August (summer; n = 290); the intermediate sun exposure months of March, April, September, and October (spring/fall; n = 283); and the low sun exposure months of November-February (winter; n = 191). Mean blood lead concentrations were 5.8 microg/dl, 6.1 microg/dl, and 6.6 microg/dl for the summer, spring/fall, and winter, respectively. Mean patella (trabecular bone) lead concentrations were 34.3 microg/gm, 29.7 microg/gm, and 29.0 microg/gm for the summer, spring/fall, and winter time periods, respectively. In multivariate regression models, adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol ingestion, and dietary intake of iron and vitamin C, the authors found a strong interaction between season and bone lead level--with bone lead levels exerting an almost 2-fold greater influence on blood levels during the winter months than the summer months. The authors concluded that elevated blood lead levels in winter may be related to increased mobilization of endogenous bone lead stores, potentially from decreased exposure to sunlight, lower levels of activated vitamin D, and enhanced bone resorption.     

Vitamin Supplementation Protects against Nanomaterial-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Damages: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

The extensive applications of nanomaterials have increased their toxicities to human health. As a commonly recommended health care product, vitamins have been reported to exert protective roles against nanomaterial-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, there have been some controversial conclusions in regards to this field of research. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the roles and mechanisms of vitamins for cells and animals exposed to nanomaterials. Nineteen studies (seven in vitro, eleven in vivo and one in both) were enrolled by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. STATA 15.0 software analysis showed vitamin E treatment could significantly decrease the levels of oxidants [reactive oxygen species (ROS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA)], increase anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx), suppress inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, IgE), improve cytotoxicity (manifested by an increase in cell viability and a decrease in pro-apoptotic caspase-3 activity), and genotoxicity (represented by a reduction in the tail length). These results were less changed after subgroup analyses. Pooled analysis of in vitro studies indicated vitamin C increased cell viability and decreased ROS levels, but its anti-oxidant potential was not observed in the meta-analysis of in vivo studies. Vitamin A could decrease MDA, TOS and increase GPx, but its effects on these indicators were weaker than vitamin E. Also, the combination of vitamin A with vitamin E did not provide greater anti-oxidant effects than vitamin E alone. In summary, we suggest vitamin E alone supplementation may be a cost-effective option to prevent nanomaterial-induced injuries.     

布鲁氏菌病控制达标后疫情回升的流行病学分析

对陕西省绥德县1995～1996年布鲁氏菌病（简称布病）暴发进行了流行病学分析。结果表明本次暴发流行是1986年全省布病控制达标后最为严重的一次，而且疫情不断扩大蔓延，发病率达84．8／10万，患病率为17．5％。病人症状典型，病情严重，以牧羊等职业人群发病人数多，病人血清学效价极高，最高达到1：25600，见并从人体血液中分离到2株羊3型布氏菌。