Effects of high doses of testosterone propionate and testosterone enanthate on rat seminiferous tubules — a stereological and cytological study

The effects of exogenous testosterone on various testicular variables has become of increasing significance because of its potential use in male contraception. For this reason, high doses of two testosterone esters [testosterone propionate (TP) and testosterone enanthate (TE)] were used in a study of their influence on the morphology, length and curvature of the seminiferous tubules of the rat testis, and on cytological smears of the seminiferous tubules epithelium. TP was given for 14 days (3 mg/100 g body weight, i. m.) to assess the acute effects of testosterone on the seminiferous tubules. TE was administered for 60 days (in the same manner as TP) to study possible chronic effects on the rat testis. After TP and TE treatment the seminiferous tubule epithelium showed disorganization and desquamation of spermatogenic cells. In the TP-treated testes the tubules lined with Sertoli cells only were observed. The values for the length and curvature of seminiferous tubules of the TP- and TE-treated rats were significantly reduced (p<0.001). All these changes were observed earlier in the TP-treated than in the TE-treated animals. In cytological smears of the testis of the TP- and TE-treated rats an increase of vacuoles and residual bodies in Sertoli cell cytoplasm was noted. In addition, a reduction of spermatogenic cells, particularly sperms, was manifest in the smears after treatment. Large groups of Sertoli cells were seen in the smears from these testes.The study was supported by a Grant for Scientific Research No. 3-01-041 from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Informatics of the Republic of Croatia     

Myocardial protection of immature rabbits with an ATP- sensitive K+ channel opener pinacidil

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of pinacidil, an opener of ATP- sensitive K(+) channels, in protecting the myocardium of immature rabbit hearts from ischemic r eperfusion injury. Methods Rabbit hearts underwent 30 min of global normothermic ischemia followed by 30 mi n of reperfusion on the modified Langendorff apparatus. Fifty- two isolated hea rts of 3-4 week- old immature rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly. Duri ng ischemia, 3 different cardioplegic solutions were administered intermittently by infusion every 15 min (20-25 ml each time in all groups). Group 1: con trol group (n=13); group 2: Krebs- Henseleit (K- H) solution with potassium (16 mmo l/L) (n=13); group 3: K- H solution with potassium (16 mmol/L) and pinacidil (5 0 μmol/L) (n=13); group 4: K- H solution with potassium (16 mmol/L), pinacidi l (50 μmol/L) and glibenclamide (10 μmol/L) (n=13). The pre- ischemic and p ost- ischemic myocardial functions were assessed by the percentage recovery of t he left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP); the left ventricular end- diastol ic pressure (LVEDP); both the positive peak and negative peaks of the first deri vative of the left ventricular pressures (±dp/dt(max)); coronary flow; the level of creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transcar bamoylase (AST) in coronary sinus venous effluent; and by myocardial ultrastruct ural changes. Results Before myocardial ischemia, there were no significant differences among the four groups in any of the parameters mentioned above. Post- ischemic recovery of LV DP, LVEDP, ±dp/dt(max), coronary flow, the level of CK, LDH and AST, and my ocardial ultrastructural changes were better in group 3 than those in the three other groups.Conclusions As a new and effective composition, pinacidil can significantly improve myocardi al protection from cardioplegia for immature rabbit hearts.     

冠心病经皮冠状动脉内成形术的临床应用

目的：观察心绞痛、心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉内成形术（PTCA）的安全性和有效性。方法：不稳定型心绞痛3例,急性心肌梗死2例。其中病变血管6支,回旋支远端狭窄1例,左前降支完全闭塞1例,左前降支近端狭窄3例（其中1例合并右冠状动脉中段狭窄）。分别行PTCA或PTCA加支架术。结果：PTCA成功4例,失败1例。PTCA后有3例发现内膜撕裂和血管壁塌陷,随即行支架植入。术前急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验（TIMI）血流0－1级,术后均恢复TIMI血流3级。术后随访1－3个月,患者均无心绞痛发作。结论：PTCA和支架植入,是冠状血管再通安全而有效的方法。     

缺氧对神经细胞缺氧诱导因子—1αmRNA表达的影响

目的：提示在缺氧状态下神经细胞缺氧诱导因子－1α（HIF-1α）mRNA表达的时空规律。方法：对分离的新生SD大鼠在脑皮质神经细胞分别进行常规和缺氧培养,采用定量逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT－PCR）检测神经细胞在不同缺氧时间HIF－1αmRNA的表达,结果：神经细胞在常氧下HIF－1αmRNA有极低的表达,在缺氧30min时表达显著上升,60min达到高峰,90min后逐渐下降。与对照组比较,各缺氧组HIF－1αmRNA的表达均有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：神经细胞在缺氧早期HIF－1αmRNA表达有短暂、迅速的增加。     

国产全热解碳双叶瓣的动物实验

目的 :探讨人造瓣膜动物实验的方法 ,并对国产瓣的性能作动物体内评价。方法 :体外循环下行羊的二尖瓣替换术 ,先作预实验以确定实验方法 ,后作正式实验。用心导管和超声 ,并用多巴酚丁胺负荷法模拟运动条件 ,分别测定人造瓣的血流动力学参数 ;根据动物存活情况及有无血栓形成和血栓栓塞等评价其生物相容性。结果 :预实验 10只羊均死亡 ,主要与瓣环撕裂有关 ;正式实验 5只羊均存活。术中和术后 2 .5年用导管法测得平均跨瓣压差分别为 0 .69± 0 .2 3k Pa、0 .81± 0 .0 4k Pa;动物尸检未见血栓形成和血栓栓塞。结论 :瓣环撕裂是本组手术主要死亡原因 ,选择适当体重的动物和保留瓣叶的折叠缝补 ,及术后合理的呼吸支持等是实验的关键 ;该国产瓣在动物体内血流动力学和抗血栓性能优良     

鼾症手术的探讨

目的 探讨鼾症的常规的悬雍垂腭咽成形术（Ｕｖｕｌｐａｌａ ｔｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｐｌａｓｔｙ ＵＰＰＰ）与激光悬雍垂腭咽成形术（Ｌａｓｅｒ Ｕｖｕｌｏｐａｌａｔｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｐａｓｔｙ,ＬＵＰＰＰ）的优缺点。方法 ＵＰＰＰ加半导体激光或ＣＯ２及ＹＡＧ手术。结果 综合术式共治４０例,随访１年以上,总有效９５％,显效１８例（４５％）,好转２０例（５０％）无效２例（５％）。结论 传统ＵＰＰＰ和ＬＵＰＰ     

In search of optimal productivity and hospital size: a case study

This study examines the relationship between optimal employee productivity and hospital size based on a sample from the state of Texas during 1982-91. Full-time equivalents (FTEs) per adjusted occupied bed is employed to represent productivity. The number of beds, total employees, and eight standard categories are used to measure hospital size. The impact of the diagnosis-related group implementation on productivity is also tested. Major findings suggest that productivity is found to be the highest for hospitals with 272 beds or 945 employees or in the category IV or V. The implementation of the DRG has not increased employee productivity.     

药流与负压吸宫法的效果和可接受性研究

研究的目的:比较RU486/Cytotec药物和负压吸宫术两种流产方法的效果,以及医学的和个人的可接受性.对象为通过咨询,介绍两种流产方法后,让对象自愿选择而组成.年龄在20～34岁.药物组100例,闭经35～42天,第1天口服RU486 600mg,第3天服Cytotec(PGE1)0.4mg,第17、43天回医院随访.手术组100例,闭经≤56天,负压吸宫术后第14、43天回医院随访.结果:完全流产率药物组为89%,手术组为100%.对象选择这两种流产方法的主要原因:药物组94%的人认为痛苦少,手术组的55%认为手术快、节省时间,而且手术同时可取出或放置宫内节育器(占45%).结论:RU486/Cytotec药物流产和负压吸宫术在各自适合的人群中都具有高度的可接受性.两种方法各具优缺点,不能相互取代,二者相辅相成,取长补短,将使终止妊娠的措施更为安全     

麻黄中生物碱类有效成分的非水毛细管电泳含量测定

目的 利用非水毛细管电泳(NACE)法对麻黄中各生物碱类有效成分进行含量测定，并比较不同提取方法中各组份含量差异。方法 采用50mmol／L醋酸铵的甲醇溶液，未加入任何其他添加剂，检测波长为210nm。结果 各组份在8min内达基线分离。伪麻黄碱在9．8～147．0μg／mL，去甲基麻黄碱在6．8～102．0μg／mL，麻黄碱在9．4～141．0μg／mL，去甲基伪麻黄碱在4．8～72．0μg／mL，甲基麻黄碱在6．8～102．0μg／mL分别有良好的线性关系。各麻黄碱类回收率在95．0％～100．4％。结论 为麻黄中各生物碱类有效成分的含量测定提供了一种快速、准确和灵敏的测定方法。