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71.
Microglandular adenosis (MGA) and atypical MGA (AMGA) are unusual lesions of the breast. They were once regarded as benign proliferative lesions and innocent bystanders. Several lines of evidence suggested that they could be neoplastic, clonal lesions and a non‐obligate precursor for triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBC). Recent work published in The Journal of Pathology by Guerini‐Rocco and colleagues provided further evidence regarding the precursor–product relationship between MGA/AMGA and TNBC. Using a massively parallel sequencing approach, they demonstrated that MGA/AMGA, particularly those associated with TNBC, could be clonal neoplastic lesions showing clonal non‐synonymous mutations, but none in pure MGA. Importantly, those alterations were observed in the associated TNBC. They were also able to identify recurrent alterations in TP53 in those MGA/AMGA cases as well as their associated TNBC. The findings, in conjunction with others, underscore the significance for MGA in clinical diagnosis. The potential of a benign lesion to progress into an aggressive malignant tumour implies that modification of the current management approach may be necessary. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Background
The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been controversial. Recent studies have revealed adverse impact of antidiabetic drugs on BMD in type 2 diabetic patients. However, the influence of various antihyperglycaemic agents on BMD has not been well studied.Method
A total of 200 patients with T2DM were screened initially for the study. Finally 67 patients (M:34, F:33) who satisfied the requirement of having been on one year of prescribed therapy were included for analysis.Results
Bone mineral density was lower in diabetic patients as compared to controls (hip 0.962 ± 0.167 g/cm2 vs 1.013 ± 0.184 g/cm2, P = 0.05; spine 0.929 ± 0.214 g/cm2 vs 1.113 ± 0.186 g/cm2, P < 0.00001). In males BMD was significantly lower at spine (P < 0.00001) and in females BMD was significantly lower in both at the spine (P < 0.00001) and hip (P < 0.032). On multivariate analysis significant positive correlation was found between spine BMD and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.372, P = 0.002), total cholesterol (r = 0.272, P = 0.026), low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.242, P = 0.047), and triglycerides (r = 0.282, P = 0.021). There was no correlation between BMD and glycosylated haemoglobin (r = 0.158, P = 0.265). A significant decrease in BMD at spine and hip was seen with the use of glitazones and metformin while increase was noted with sulphonylurea and its combination.Conclusion
Men and women with T2DM have lower BMD. Bone mineral density did not have correlation to glycaemic control. Glitazones, metformin, and insulin are associated with decrease in BMD at spine, and hip, while sulphonylureas are associated with increase in BMD.Key Words: antihyperglycaemic drugs, bone mineral density, type 2 diabetes mellitus 相似文献74.
Neil D. Christensen Cynthia A. Reed Tim D. Culp Paul L. Hermonat Mary K. Howett Robert A. Anderson Lourens J. D. Zaneveld 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2001,45(12):3427-3432
The high-molecular-weight sulfated or sulfonated polysaccharides or polymers cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and polystyrene sulfonate were tested for microbicidal activity against bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) and type 40 (HPV-40). In vitro assays included the BPV-1-induced focus-forming assay and transient infection of human A431 cells with HPVs. The compounds were tested for microbicidal activity directly by preincubation with virus prior to addition to cell cultures and indirectly by addition of virus to compound-treated cells and to virus-coated cells to test inactivation of the virus after virus-cell binding. The data indicated that all three compounds showed direct microbicidal activity with 50% effective concentrations between 10 to 100 microg/ml. These concentrations were nontoxic to cell cultures for both assays. When a clone of C127 cells was tested for microbicidal activity, approximately 10-fold-less compound was required to achieve a 50% reduction in BPV-1-induced foci than for the uncloned parental C127 cells. Pretreatment of cells with compound prior to addition of virus also demonstrated strong microbicidal activity with dextran sulfate and polystyrene sulfonate, but cellulose sulfate required several orders of magnitude more compound for virus inactivation. Polystyrene sulfonate prevented subsequent infection of HPV-11 after virus-cell binding, and this inactivation was observed up to 4 h after addition of virus. These data indicate that the polysulfated and polysulfonated compounds may be useful nontoxic microbicidal compounds that are active against a variety of sexually transmitted disease agents including papillomaviruses. 相似文献
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Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous tenotomy for the treatment of iliopsoas impingement: A description of technique and case study
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Matthew J Sampson Nimah Rezaian James MK Hopkins 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2015,59(2):195-199
Iliopsoas impingement is a commonly recognised source of groin pain following total hip replacement. When conservative measures fail, open or arthroscopic iliopsoas tendon release can reliably alleviate pain and improve function. This article describes an alternative ultrasound‐guided percutaneous technique, achieving iliopsoas tenotomy utilising a modified 18G coaxial needle and thus minimising the morbidity and cost associated with an open or arthroscopic procedure. This method proved successful with resultant complete resolution of patient symptoms. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first case of ultrasound‐guided percutaneous iliopsoas tenotomy for iliopsoas impingement post total hip replacement. 相似文献
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Distribution of mutations in the PEX gene in families with X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (HYP) 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Rowe PS; Oudet CL; Francis F; Sinding C; Pannetier S; Econs MJ; Strom TM; Meitinger T; Garabedian M; David A; Macher MA; Questiaux E; Popowska E; Pronicka E; Read AP; Mokrzycki A; Glorieux FH; Drezner MK; Hanauer A; Lehrach H; Goulding JN; O'Riordan JL 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(4):539-549
Mutations in the PEX gene at Xp22.1 (phosphate-regulating gene with
homologies to endopeptidases, on the X-chromosome), are responsible for
X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (HYP). Homology of PEX to the M13 family
of Zn2+ metallopeptidases which include neprilysin (NEP) as prototype, has
raised important questions regarding PEX function at the molecular level.
The aim of this study was to analyse 99 HYP families for PEX gene
mutations, and to correlate predicted changes in the protein structure with
Zn2+ metallopeptidase gene function. Primers flanking 22 characterised
exons were used to amplify DNA by PCR, and SSCP was then used to screen for
mutations. Deletions, insertions, nonsense mutations, stop codons and
splice mutations occurred in 83% of families screened for in all 22 exons,
and 51% of a separate set of families screened in 17 PEX gene exons.
Missense mutations in four regions of the gene were informative regarding
function, with one mutation in the Zn2+-binding site predicted to alter
substrate enzyme interaction and catalysis. Computer analysis of the
remaining mutations predicted changes in secondary structure,
N-glycosylation, protein phosphorylation and catalytic site molecular
structure. The wide range of mutations that align with regions required for
protease activity in NEP suggests that PEX also functions as a protease,
and may act by processing factor(s) involved in bone mineral metabolism.
相似文献
80.
Speech-controlled generation of radiology reports 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robbins AH; Horowitz DM; Srinivasan MK; Vincent ME; Shaffer K; Sadowsky NL; Sonnenfeld M 《Radiology》1987,164(2):569-573
Voice entry has been successfully employed to generate radiology reports with a word recognizer with a 1,000-word lexicon capacity. About 50% of reports were able to be dictated with a single 900-word lexicon. This was split into five sections by anatomic or subspecialty application. Each was augmented to 900 words. By switching from one lexicon to another, it was possible to dictate more than 70% of reports. With exclusive use of three lexicons in subspecialty areas (gastrointestinal radiology, neuroradiology, and mammography), and with further modification of the respective vocabulary, it has been possible to employ the system 88% of the time. Twelve percent of cases included wording that was beyond the scope of the lexicon. Computer subsets that allow different translations of some words when used in different contexts have been used. Some of these are used as triggers that will print whole lines, sentences, or even complete reports. Dictation times with voice entry take about 20% longer. Recognition reliability has been greater than 95%. 相似文献