43例腹壁切口延迟愈合的临床分析

腹壁切口延迟愈合是腹部外科常见并发症,严重者可造成切口裂开等严重并发症。回顾分析我院2002年1月～2005年1月腹壁切口延迟愈合病例共43例,分析其发生原因及处理方法,提出预防措施,报告如下。     

The Relationship between Fat Mass Percentage and Glucose Metabolism in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To assess the relationship between fat mass percentage (FMP) and glucose metabolism in children aged 0–18 years we performed a systematic review of the literature on Medline/PubMed, SinoMed, Embase and Cochrane Library using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines up to 12 October 2021 for observational studies that assessed the relationship of FMP and glucose metabolism. Twenty studies with 18,576 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that FMP was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.13, p < 0.001), fasting plasma insulin (INS) (r = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.37–0.57, p < 0.001), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)- insulin resistance (IR) (r = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.53, p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis according to country or overweight and obesity indicated that these associations remained significant between FMP and INS or HOMA-IR. Our results demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between FMP and FPG. Moreover, subgroup analysis according to country or overweight and obesity indicated that FMP is significantly associated with INS and HOMA-IR. This is the first known systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the associations of FMP with glucose metabolism in children and adolescents.     

Study on Toughening and Temperature Sensitivity of Polyurethane Cement (PUC)

Polyurethane cement (PUC) is now commonly used in the reinforcement of old bridges, which exhibit various issues such as poor toughness, temperature-sensitive mechanical properties, and brittle failure. These problems can lead to the failure of the reinforcement effect of the PUC on old bridges in certain operating environments, leading to the collapse of such reinforced bridges. In order to alleviate these shortcomings, in this study, the toughness of PUC is improved by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, carbon fiber, and steel fiber. In addition, we study the change law of the flexural strength of PUC between −40 °C and +40 °C. The control parameters evaluated are fiber type, fiber volume ratio, and temperature. A series of flexural tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test results show that the flexural strength first increases and then decreases with the increase in the volume-doping ratio of the three fibers. The optimum volume-mixing ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, carbon fiber, and steel fiber are 0.3%, 0.04% and 1%, respectively. Excessive addition of fiber will affect the operability and will adversely affect the mechanical properties. The flexural strength of both fiber-reinforced and control samples decreases with increasing temperature. Using the flexural test results, a two-factor (fiber content, temperature) BP neural network flexural strength prediction model is established. It is verified that the model is effective and accurate, and the experimental value and the predicted value are in good agreement.     

Insight into the Epidemiology and Evolutionary History of Novel Goose Astrovirus-Associated Gout in Goslings in Southern China

A novel gout disease, characterized by visceral urate deposition with high-mortality, with outbreaks in goslings in China since 2016 was caused by a novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV) and resulted in serious economic loss. However, the epidemiology and variation of the GoAstV in goslings in southern China and its evolutionary history as well as the classification of the GoAstV are unclear. In the present study, systematic molecular epidemiology, and phylogenetic analyses of the GoAstV were conducted to address these issues. Our results showed that the GoAstV is widespread in goslings in southern China, and the genomes of six GoAstV strains were obtained. Two amino acid mutations (Y36H and E456D) were identified in capsid proteins in this study, which is the dominant antigen for the GoAstV. In addition, the GoAstV could be divided into two distinct clades, GoAstV-1 and GoAstV-2, and GoAstV-2 is responsible for gout outbreaks in goslings and could be classified into Avastrovirus 3 (AAstV-3), while GoAstV-1 belongs to Avastrovirus 1 (AAstV-1). Moreover, the emergence of GoAstV-2 in geese was estimated to have occurred in January 2010, approximately 12 years ago, while GoAstV-1 emerged earlier than GoAstV-2 and was estimated to have emerged in April 1985 based on Bayesian analysis. The mean evolutionary rate for the GoAstV was also calculated to be approximately 1.42 × 10⁻³ nucleotide substitutions per site per year. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the epidemiology of the GoAstV in goslings in southern China and is helpful for understanding the origin and evolutionary history as well as the classification of the GoAstV in geese.     

Analysis of the tumor microenvironment and mutation burden identifies prognostic features in thymic epithelial tumors

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are one of the rarest adult malignancies in the anterior mediastinum. Thymic carcinomas (TCs) are less prevalent among TETs, but they are more clinically aggressive. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for refractory TETs, even though chemotherapy remains the conventional treatment for the advanced disease. However, limited attention has been paid to the features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) which might provide clinically relevant information and guide treatment regimen design. Especially, to date, there have been only a few studies focusing on the differences between the TME and genomic features preserved by TETs and TCs. We analyzed the TME and genomic characteristics of TETs using RNA sequencing and whole-exome sequencing, finding that distinct characteristics of TME in different pathogenic subtypes of TETs. According to those findings, we found that thymic carcinomas had significantly lower expression of HMGB1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine-related gene, than thymomas, and low HMGB1 expression was linked to a poor prognosis. Additionally, higher mutation burdens were significantly associated with the later stage and more advanced pathological types. Thymoma patients with lower mutation burdens tended to relapse within 3 years. In summary, different characteristics of TME and genomic features between thymoma and thymic carcinoma were associated with clinical outcomes of TETs and presented promisingly predictive value for efficacy and toxicity of immunotherapy.     

Recombinant Bovine Herpesvirus Type I Expressing the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 Protein Could Effectively Prevent Infection by Two Viruses

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a comprehensive disease in cattle caused by various viral and bacterial infections. Among them, bovine herpesvirus type I (BoHV−1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) play important roles and have caused huge financial losses for the cattle industry worldwide. At present, vaccines against BRDC include trivalent attenuated BoHV−1, BVDV−1, and BVDV−2 live vaccines, BoHV−1 live attenuated vaccines, and BoHV−1/BVDV bivalent live attenuated vaccines, which have limitations in terms of their safety and efficacy. To solve these problems, we optimized the codon of the BVDV−1 E2 gene, added the signal peptide sequence of the BoHV−1 gD gene, expressed double BVDV−1 E2 glycoproteins in tandem at the BoHV−1 gE gene site, and constructed a BoHV−1 genetics-engineered vectored vaccine with gE gene deletion, named BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ and BoHV−1 ΔgE. This study compared the protective effects in BoHV−1, BoHV−1 ΔgE, BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺, and BVDV−1 inactivated antigen immunized guinea pigs and calves. The results showed that BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ could successfully induce guinea pigs and calves to produce specific neutralizing antibodies against BVDV−1. In addition, after BoHV−1 and BVDV−1 challenges, BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ can produce a specific neutralizing antibody response against BoHV−1 and BVDV−1 infections. Calves immunized with this type of virus can be distinguished as either vaccinated animals (gE^-) or naturally infected animals (gE⁺). In summary, our data suggest that BoHV−1 gE/E2−Linker−E2⁺ and BoHV−1 ΔgE have great potential to prevent BVDV−1 or BoHV−1 infection.     

Successful limb salvage in progressive proximal tibia osteosarcoma following denosumab chemotherapy: A case report

Rationale:Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor that originates in the mesenchymal tissue. It is the most common type of pleomorphic tumor occurring in children and adolescents. Currently, there is no established systematic treatment for OS that progresses during standard preoperative chemotherapy.Patient concerns and diagnoses:We describe a 14-year-old male patient with a 4-month history of pain in the upper right leg. Based on the results of percutaneous biopsy, a diagnosis of OS was made. After admission, the patient was treated with first-line chemotherapy agents. After a single course of treatment, the tumor progressed locally and no limb salvage was feasible.Interventions and outcomes:Intervention with denosumab combined with chemotherapy led to a significant reduction in tumor volume and ossification of soft tissue, which successfully resulted in limb salvage rather than amputation. The patient showed no evidence of recurrent or distant metastasis at 6-month follow-up.Lessons:Treatment with receptor activator of nuclear factor-ĸB ligand inhibitor denosumab combined with standard chemotherapy is effective for advanced OS progressing after chemotherapy. We recommend denosumab therapy for successful limb salvage in patients with high-grade OS associated with osteolytic bone destruction and refractory to preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

Brief Report: Dynamic calcium signals mediate the feeding response of the carnivorous sundew plant

Some of the most spectacular examples of botanical carnivory—in which predator plants catch and digest animals presumably to supplement the nutrient-poor soils in which they grow—occur within the Droseraceae family. For example, sundews of the genus Drosera have evolved leaf movements and enzyme secretion to facilitate prey digestion. The molecular underpinnings of this behavior remain largely unknown; however, evidence suggests that prey-induced electrical impulses are correlated with movement and production of the defense hormone jasmonic acid (JA), which may alter gene expression. In noncarnivorous plants, JA is linked to electrical activity via changes in cytoplasmic Ca²⁺. Here, we find that dynamic Ca²⁺ changes also occur in sundew (Drosera spatulata) leaves responding to prey-associated mechanical and chemical stimuli. Furthermore, inhibition of these Ca²⁺ changes reduced expression of JA target genes and leaf movements following chemical feeding. Our results are consistent with the presence of a conserved Ca²⁺-dependent JA signaling pathway in the sundew feeding response and provide further credence to the defensive origin of plant carnivory.     

LGALS3BP in Microglia Promotes Retinal Angiogenesis Through PI3K/AKT Pathway During Hypoxia

PurposeRetinal microglia promote angiogenesis and vasculopathy in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR); however, its specific molecular mechanism in the formation of retinal angiogenesis remains unclear. The lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain protein family, is involved in tumor neovascularization, and we therefore hypothesized that LGALS3BP plays an active role in microglia-induced angiogenesis.MethodsThe expression of LGALS3BP in microglia was detected by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. Functional assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) such as migration, proliferation, and tube formation were measured by Transwell, EdU, and Matrigel assays. Angiogenesis-related factors and PI3K/AKT levels were detected by western blotting. The relationship between LGALS3BP and PI3K or HIF-1α was investigated by immunoprecipitation.ResultsOur results showed that the expression of LGALS3BP was significantly increased in microglia surrounding neovascularization of the OIR mice and was also upregulated in human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cells after hypoxia. Moreover, HUVECs co-cultured with hypoxic HMC3 cells showed increased migration, proliferation, and tube formation, as well as levels of angiogenesis-related factor. However, the proangiogenic ability and angiogenesis-related factor expression of HMC3 cells was suppressed after silencing LGALS3BP. LGALS3BP induces the upregulation of angiogenesis-related factors through the PI3K/AKT pathway and then promotes angiogenesis in microglia.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings suggest that LGALS3BP in microglia plays an important role in angiogenesis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target of LGALS3BP for angiogenesis.