酚妥拉明治疗小儿喘憋性肺炎不良反应的观察

喘憋性肺炎是儿科的常见病 ,好发于 2岁以内的小儿 ,临床表现为发热、阵发性咳嗽、喘息 ,尤其多见于呼气性呼吸困难。酚妥拉明是一种α受体阻滞剂 ,能扩张肺血管 ,改善肺循环 ,促进湿口罗音的吸收 ,并能降低肺动脉与外周血管阻力 ,减轻心脏负荷 ,预防早期心功能不全的发生 ,因而早已被广泛用于肺炎患儿的辅助治疗[1-3 ] 。但因其半衰期短 ,用微量输液泵输入既能保证血药浓度 ,又能提高疗效。合理的护理是顺利完成治疗的重要条件。现将我科 2 0 0 2年 2月— 2 0 0 4年 1月收住的 12 0例患儿使用酚妥拉明治疗中出现的不良反应及护理报告如下。…     

皮质激素辅助治疗结核性脑膜炎的研究现状

结核性脑膜炎（tuberculous meningitis，TBM）以血脑屏障紊乱、颅内压升高和脑水肿为特征，是人型结核分枝杆菌感染最严重的类型。未经治疗死亡率达100%，治疗后死亡率约为10%，生存者中约80%有严重的神经系统后遗症。随着新增病例的不断增多，世界卫生组织（World Health Organiza-tion，WHO）在2007年的结核防治报告中提出：“要让所有结核患者都有机会得到有效的治疗。”目前尚没有明确针对TBM最佳治疗方案的临床指南。临床上主要参考肺结核的治疗方案。     

乙肝病毒携带孕妇健康知识调查与分析

目的 了解乙肝病毒携带孕妇健康知识需求情况和预防母婴传播.方法 采用自行设计的问题和症状自评量表对450例孕妇进行心理健康知识和母婴传播知识调查.结果 70%的乙肝病毒携带者存在不同程度的心理障碍,只有90%的孕妇了解常见母婴传播知识,35%的乙肝病毒携带者不了解母婴传播的危害性,10%的乙肝病毒携带者不知道乙肝病毒会母婴传播,不同职业、不同文化程度的乙肝病毒携带者对母婴传播知识存在统计学差异.结论 加强乙肝病毒携带者健康知识宣教,传授预防母婴传播的正确方法,有利于阻断乙肝病毒的母婴传播.     

澳大利亚急救医疗体系的发展

澳大利亚的急救医疗体系在过去的30年经历了本质性的转变,包括院前急救的发展,院内急诊科的发展,以及急诊专科医师和急救师作为新的职业的发展.这一本质性的转变在其他很多国家也同时存在,并缘于卫生体系提供高质量的急救医疗服务的义务和不断增加的职业责任.     

Study on Coated Zr-V-Cr Getter with Pore Gradient Structure for Hydrogen Masers

As the core component of satellite navigation, the hydrogen maser needs a high vacuum environment to maintain the stability of the frequency signal. The getter pump, composed of various non-evaporable getters, plays an important role in maintaining the high vacuum. In this paper, the Zr_100-xCu_x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6)/Zr_56.97V_35.85Cr_7.18 getter was studied and the contradiction between sorption performance and mechanical properties was solved. The Zr-V-Cr getter, a better candidate for getter pump, exists for problems which will destroy the high vacuum and affect the service life of the hydrogen maser. To solve the problem of dropping powder from Zr-V-Cr getter, Zr-Cu films were coated on the surface of Zr-V-Cr matrix to obtain the pore gradient structure. After vacuum sintering, the interface showed gradient structure and network change in pore structure from Zr-Cu film to Zr-V-Cr matrix. These characteristic structures made Zr-V-Cr getter have good absorption properties, which is better than a similar product of SAES company and mechanical properties. Because the Zr-Cu film on Zr-V-Cr matrix effectively prevented dropping powders from the matrix, (Zr-Cu)/(Zr-V-Cr) getter solved the problem of dropping powder. The self-developed new getter with pore gradient structure is of great significance for maintaining the high vacuum of hydrogen maser in the future.     

Genetic Algorithm-Assisted Design of Sandwiched One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Efficient Fluorescence Enhancement of 3.18-μm-Thick Layer of the Fluorescent Solution

One-dimensional photonic crystal structures have been widely used to enhance fluorescence. However, its fluorescence enhancement is low-fold because of a weak excitation field region. In this paper, we used a genetic algorithm to assist in the design of two photonic crystals based on Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ materials. One of them has a defect consisting of SiO₂. The Fabry-Perot cavity (FP cavity) formed by the sandwiched photonic crystal achieves up to 14-fold enhancement of the excitation electric field. We modulate the electric field radiation distribution of the fluorescent material by using photonic forbidden bands. For a 3.18 μm thick layer of the fluorescent solution, the structure achieves up to 60-fold fluorescence enhancement. We also discussed that the reason for the different enhancement abilities in different places is the phase change caused by the optical path difference. This design is expected to have applications in display, imaging, etc.     

Ultra-Broadband Absorber with Large Angular Stability Based on Frequency Selective Surface

In this paper, a low-profile, double-layer absorber with ultra-broadband absorption and large-angle stability is proposed. In order to improve the angular stability, the square ring with concave–convex deformation is designed. It can expand the current path to realize the miniaturization of the absorber, which decreases the influence of oblique incident on absorption. The equivalent circuit model provides detailed resonance and admittance analysis, showing the existence of three resonances working together to achieve broadband absorption. The simulated results illustrate that the designed unit can achieve above 80% absorption within 2.09–18.1 GHz. The angular stability is up to 50° under TE/TM polarization with a period of 0.07 λ_L (the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency). The 300 mm × 300 mm prototype absorbers were fabricated for demonstration, with a total thickness of 0.096 λ_L. The measurement results are consistent with the simulated results, which shows that the designed absorber unit can achieve ultra-broadband and large-angle absorption. The performance of devices can be widely applied in infrared detection, radiation refrigeration, and stealth technology.     

A Study on the Preparation and Cavitation Erosion Mechanism of Polyether Polyurethane Coating

Polyurethane elastomers are anticipated to be applied in the field of cavitation erosion (CE) resistance, but their protection and damage mechanisms are not clear, which greatly restricts their further development. In this article, five polyether polyurethanes (PU_x) with different crosslinking densities were prepared. Their mechanical properties, thermal properties, water absorption, surface morphology and chemical structure before and after CE tests were compared with ESEM, OM, TG-DSC, FTIR and XPS in detail. The results showed that with an increase in crosslinking density, the tensile strength of PU_x increased first and then decreased, elongation at break and water absorption reduced gradually and thermal decomposition temperature and adhesion strength increased steadily. During the CE process, cavitation load aggravated the degree of microphase separation and made brittle hard segments concentrate on the coating surface; meanwhile, cavitation heat accelerated hydrolysis, pyrolysis, oxidation and the fracture of molecular chains. As a result, the mechano-thermal coupling intensified the formation and propagation of fatigue cracks, which should be the fundamental reason for the CE damage of polyurethane elastomer. PU_0.4 exhibited the best CE resistance among the five coatings thanks to its good comprehensive properties and may find potential applications on the surface of hydraulic components.     

Extraction Optimization and Structural Characteristics of Chitosan from Cuttlefish (S. pharaonis sp.) Bone

In fish processing, reducing the waste rate and increasing the economic value of products is an important issue for global environmental protection and resource sustainability. It has been discovered that cuttlefish bones can be an excellent resource for producing attractive amounts of chitin and chitosan. Therefore, this study optimized chitosan extraction conditions using response surface methodology (RSM) to establish application conditions suitable for industrial production and reducing environmental impact. In addition, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ¹H NMR and scanning electron microscope (SEM) characteristics of extracted chitosan were evaluated. The optimum extraction conditions for chitosan from cuttlebone chitin were 12.5M NaOH, 6 h and 80 °C, and the highest average yield was 56.47%. FTIR spectroscopy, ¹H NMR, and SEM identification proved that the chitosan prepared from cuttlefish bone has a unique molecular structure, and the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was about 81.3%. In addition, it was also confirmed that chitosan has significant anti-oxidation and oil-absorbing abilities. This research has successfully transformed the by-products of cuttlefish processing into value-added products. The process not only achieved the recycling and utilization of by-products but also enhanced industrial competitiveness and resource sustainability.