全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4749篇 |
免费 | 263篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 33篇 |
儿科学 | 117篇 |
妇产科学 | 54篇 |
基础医学 | 946篇 |
口腔科学 | 87篇 |
临床医学 | 338篇 |
内科学 | 904篇 |
皮肤病学 | 86篇 |
神经病学 | 459篇 |
特种医学 | 251篇 |
外科学 | 641篇 |
综合类 | 24篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 259篇 |
眼科学 | 121篇 |
药学 | 423篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 271篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 24篇 |
2021年 | 71篇 |
2020年 | 35篇 |
2019年 | 54篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 61篇 |
2016年 | 67篇 |
2015年 | 95篇 |
2014年 | 116篇 |
2013年 | 138篇 |
2012年 | 261篇 |
2011年 | 247篇 |
2010年 | 154篇 |
2009年 | 139篇 |
2008年 | 217篇 |
2007年 | 253篇 |
2006年 | 241篇 |
2005年 | 264篇 |
2004年 | 267篇 |
2003年 | 270篇 |
2002年 | 253篇 |
2001年 | 102篇 |
2000年 | 78篇 |
1999年 | 82篇 |
1998年 | 83篇 |
1997年 | 58篇 |
1996年 | 50篇 |
1995年 | 50篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 46篇 |
1992年 | 63篇 |
1991年 | 50篇 |
1990年 | 57篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 44篇 |
1987年 | 36篇 |
1986年 | 56篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 44篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 31篇 |
1980年 | 41篇 |
1979年 | 45篇 |
1978年 | 22篇 |
1977年 | 31篇 |
1976年 | 35篇 |
1975年 | 24篇 |
1973年 | 32篇 |
1969年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有5020条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
AIDS-related B-cell lymphoma (ARL): correlation of prognosis with differentiation profiles assessed by immunophenotyping 下载免费PDF全文
Hoffmann C Tiemann M Schrader C Janssen D Wolf E Vierbuchen M Parwaresch R Ernestus K Plettenberg A Stoehr A Fatkenheuer G Wyen C Oette M Horst HA 《Blood》2005,106(5):1762-1769
This study was undertaken to analyze the differentiation profiles assessed by immunophenotyping in AIDS-related B-cell lymphoma (ARL) and their relation to the clinical course. Paraffin-embedded sections of 89 ARL cases during 1989 to 2004 were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to CD3, CD10, CD20, CD38, CD138/Syndecan-1 (Syn-1), multiple myeloma-1/interferon regulatory factor-4 (MUM1/IRF4), B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (BCL-2), BCL-6, latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1), and Ki-67. Expression of CD10 and CD20 were associated with better overall survival (OS; P = .009 and P = .04, respectively). Expression of CD20 was associated with longer disease-free survival (DFS; P = .03), whereas expression of CD138/Syn-1 was associated with shorter DFS (P = .03). OS and DFS were worse in patients with immunophenotypic profiles related to post-germinal center (GC) differentiation (BCL-6 and CD10 negative, MUM1/IRF4 and/or CD138/Syn-1 positive) when compared with GC differentiation (P = .01). When controlled for age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (IPI), prior AIDS-defining illness (ADI), and year of ARL diagnosis, a post-GC differentiation remained significantly associated with poor OS and DFS. Expression of CD10 was associated with a preserved immunocompetence, whereas CD20 was less frequent in patients developing ARL while on highly active antiretroviral therapy (P = .04). In summary, lack of CD20 or CD10 expression and a post-germinal center signature are associated with a worse prognosis in ARL. 相似文献
92.
93.
Imrich R 《Endocrine regulations》2002,36(2):95-106
Interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune system play an important role in maintaining and restoring homeostasis. In susceptible individuals a dysfunction of the neuroendocrine system may be one of the risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Specific causes of altered neuroendocrine function are still not fully elucidated. Accumulation of genetical, environmental, behavioral and other risk factors during long preclinical period may result in chronic imbalances in homeostatic mechanisms maintained by neuroendocrine, microvascular and immune systems. Chronic inflammatory stress mediated by humoral and neural signals during active stages of the disease and autoantibodies against the structures of the neuroendocrine system may further participate in the neuroendocrine dysfunction. In a subset of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an assumed defect of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis may be implicated in the pathogenesis. Results of some studies support the concept of adrenal dysfunction in women with premenopausal onset of the RA. Significantly lower levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) plasma levels of women who subsequently developed RA indicate that neuroendocrine dysfunction may be present already in preclinical period and thus are not only secondary due to ongoing inflammatory process. These findings are sketching the new prospects of possible primary prevention of RA in the future. The role of some other hormones including prolactin, growth hormone, sex hormones and involvement of autonomic nervous system in relation with the rheumatic diseases is also reviewed in the paper. Further research concerning their role in the pathogenesis of other rheumatic diseases will possibly provide new prospects in optimizing their therapy. 相似文献
94.
95.
96.
Basil Miles Schwartz David Dalal Robin Horst Sara Scoville Elizabeth Adams Dawn Beaulieu Dawn Slaughter James C. Higginbotham Tina Vaezi Michael Choksi Yash 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2022,67(2):639-645
Digestive Diseases and Sciences - While the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is incompletely understood, disruption of epithelial integrity is suspected to play a prominent role in... 相似文献
97.
Udo Rüb Kay Seidel Jean Paul Vonsattel Herwig W. Lange Wolfgang Eisenmenger Monika Götz Domenico Del Turco Mohamed Bouzrou Horst‐Werner Korf Helmut Heinsen 《Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)》2015,25(6):701-711
Huntington's disease (HD), an autosomal dominantly inherited polyglutamine or CAG repeat disease along with somatomotor, oculomotor, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, presents clinically with impairments of elementary and complex visual functions as well as altered visual‐evoked potentials (VEPs). Previous volumetric and pathoanatomical post‐mortem investigations pointed to an involvement of Brodmann's primary visual area 17 (BA17) in HD. Because the involvement of BA17 could be interpreted as an early onset brain neurodegeneration, we further characterized this potential primary cortical site of HD‐related neurodegeneration neuropathologically and performed an unbiased estimation of the absolute nerve cell number in thick gallocyanin‐stained frontoparallel tissue sections through the striate area of seven control individuals and seven HD patients using Cavalieri's principle for volume and the optical disector for nerve and glial cell density estimations. This investigation showed a reduction of the estimated absolute nerve cell number of BA17 in the HD patients (71 044 037 ± 12 740 515 nerve cells) of 32% in comparison with the control individuals (104 075 067 ± 9 424 491 nerve cells) (Mann–Whitney U‐test; P < 0.001). Additional pathoanatomical studies showed that nerve cell loss was most prominent in the outer pyramidal layer III, the inner granular layers IVa and IVc as well as in the multiform layer VI of BA17 of the HD patients. Our neuropathological results in BA17 confirm and extend previous post‐mortem, biochemical and in vivo neuroradiological HD findings and offer suitable explanations for the elementary and complex visual dysfunctions, as well as for the altered VEP observed in HD patients. 相似文献
98.
Summary Hemoglobin E (codon 26 GAGAAG) and codon 17 nonsense (AAGTAG), two clinically important mutations of the -globin gene, are common in Southeast Asia. The detection of these mutations using allele-specific PCR is described. Together with the previously reported method for the detection of the common Southeast asian codon 41–42 frameshift mutation (del CTTT), it is possible to identify the vast majority of clinically important -globin gene mutations in Southeast Asian populations by means of nonradioactive methods.This study was supported by theVolkswagen-Stiftung 相似文献
99.
Guusje van der Leeuw Emmeline Ayers Suzanne G. Leveille Annette H. Blankenstein Henriette E. van der Horst Joe Verghese 《The journal of pain》2018,19(12):1435-1444
Older adults frequently report pain; cross-sectional studies have shown that pain is associated with worse cognitive function. However, longitudinal studies are lacking. We prospectively studied 441 participants without dementia, including 285 with pain, aged 65 years and older, enrolled in the Central Control of Mobility in Aging study, a prospective cohort study. We analyzed the longitudinal association between pain (measured with the Medical Outcomes Study pain severity scale) and major cognitive impairment (measured with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status and the Trail Making Test Delta) using Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, and education. Over a mean follow-up of 2.75 years (standard deviation?=?1.94), there was no difference in the risk of developing cognitive impairment between participants with pain and participants without pain. However, among those with pain, risk for developing major memory impairment was higher among those with high levels of pain than those with low levels of pain (adjusted hazard ratio?=?3.47, 95% confidence interval?=?1.42–8.46). The association with pain and incident impairments in attention or executive function was not significant. We did not find that pain is associated with incident cognitive impairment in general, but among older adults with pain, a high level of pain is associated with increased risk of developing incident memory impairment.
Perspective
Our study results suggest that high levels of pain may contribute to incident memory impairment. Further research is needed to determine whether a high level of chronic pain is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment in older adults. 相似文献100.
Dennis Hanke Maria Jenckel Anja Petrov Mathias Ritzmann Julia Stadler Valerij Akimkin Sandra Blome Anne Pohlmann Horst Schirrmeier Martin Beer Dirk H?per 《Emerging infectious diseases》2015,21(3):493-496
Since 2013, highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus has caused considerable economic losses in the United States. To determine the relation of US strains to those recently causing disease in Germany, we compared genomes and found that the strain from Germany is closely related to variants in the United States. 相似文献