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Background
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of increased mortality for adolescents with advanced kidney disease. The quality of preventive cardiovascular care may impact long-term outcomes for these patients.Methods
We reviewed the records of 196 consecutive adolescents from eight centers with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease, on dialysis or with a kidney transplant, who transferred to adult-focused providers. We compared cardiovascular risk assessment and therapy within and across centers. Predictors of care were assessed using multilevel models.Results
Overall, 58 % (range 44–86 %; p?=?0.08 for variance) of five recommended cardiovascular risk assessments were documented. Recommended therapy for six modifiable cardiovascular risk factors was documented 57 % (26–76 %; p?=?0.09) of the time. Of these patients, 30 % (n?=?59) were reported to go through formal transition which was independently associated with a 21 % increase in composite cardiovascular risk assessment (p?<?0.001). Transfer after 2006 and kidney transplant status were also associated with increased cardiovascular risk assessment (p?<?0.01 and p?=?0.045, respectively).Conclusions
Adolescents with kidney disease receive suboptimal preventive cardiovascular care, that may contribute to their high risk of future cardiovascular mortality. A great opportunity exists to improve outcomes for children with kidney disease by improving the reliability of preventive care that may include formal transition programs. 相似文献Objectives
To determine if brushing dentine with 2 moderate RDA desensitising toothpastes, results in a significant dentine wear difference and whether this difference continues to be relevant when preceded with an erosive challenge.Methods
An in situ, single centre, single blind, randomised, split mouth study, evaluated the difference in abrasion of 2 toothpastes (SFM - Sensodyne Fresh Mint® RDA 70; CPHM - Crest Pro-Health Clean Mint® RDA 120) in 28 healthy volunteers. Two toothpaste treatments were administered 3×/day, for each of the two 15 day periods, subjects wearing bi-lateral, lower buccal appliances each with 4 dentine sections. A 2 min extra-oral acidic challenge preceded toothbrushing for 2 study arms. Contact profilometry measured samples at baseline, days 5, 10 and 15.Results
Brushing with SFM was significantly less abrasive than brushing with CPHM at all time points, with or without a preceding acidic challenge (p < 0.0001). The additional dentine loss arising from the erosive challenge prior to brushing with each paste was linear with time and independent of abrasive effect.Conclusions
The desensiting toothpastes’ RDA, directly related to dentine loss with toothbrushing. An acidic challenge prior to brushing did not negate the benefits of reduced wear from the lower RDA paste compared to the higher RDA paste. When brushing eroded dentine, the additional wear appeared independent of abrasive effect. Dentine hypersensitivity sufferers should be recommended to use a low-moderate RDA toothpaste, not to brush more than 2×/day and not immediately following an acidic challenge. 相似文献Objectives: The current study aimed to determine if one component of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), cognitive defusion, could be useful in reducing smoking behaviour in a sample of students.
Methods: The study employed a between-subjects three-arm design. For one week, participants were asked to reduce their cigarette consumption. To aid them in their reduction, participants were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: the first received a defusion procedure, the second received an experiential avoidance procedure and a control condition received no procedure. For a second week, the instruction to reduce cigarette consumption was lifted. During both weeks participants were required to monitor their smoking behaviour via a tally diary system.
Results: The defusion condition smoked significantly less than the control condition during week one and significantly less than the control and experiential avoidance conditions during week two.
Conclusion: Results are discussed in terms of the potential utility of defusion in this domain, and the limitations of this preliminary research that would need to be addressed in future investigations. 相似文献