Calcitonin gene-related peptide ameliorates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats

Therapies with prolonged exposure to high-concentration oxygen are common in the treatment of critical pulmonary and cardiac conditions in newborns. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia could result in lung damages and developmental disorders manifested as acute lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respectively. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been shown to have a broad regulatory effect on the respiratory system. In this study, we explored the protective effects of CGRP on the hyperoxia-induced lung damage. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normoxia, hyperoxia, and hyperoxia with CGRP. Hyperoxia groups were exposed to 95% oxygen for 14 days and treated once every other day with saline or CGRP. Hyperoxia exposure reduced the survival rate to 73%, when compared with the 93% survival rate observed in the normoxia group. The survival rate was improved to 84% with CGRP treatment. Treatment with CGRP under hyperoxia significantly alleviated the hyperoxia-induced lung histomorphological changes and the increases in leukocyte counts and total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid that reflect the pulmonary microvasular damages. CGRP treatment also restored the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase, while it decreased the increased level of malondialdehyde in the lung tissues. Importantly, CGRP treatment significantly decreased the magnitude of the hyperoxia-mediated increase in the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA and transforming growth factor-β 1 protein. In conclusion, the hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury is associated with both oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and CGRP may ameliorate the hyperoxia-induced lung injury by down-regulating these processes.     

EEG changes as heat stress reactions in rats irradiated by high intensity 35 GHz millimeter waves

As the application of millimeter waves for civilian and military use increases, the possibility of overexposure to millimeter waves will also increase. This paper attempts to evaluate stress reactions evoked by 35 GHz millimeter waves. The stress reactions in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were quantitatively studied by analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) changes induced by overexposure to 35 GHz millimeter waves. The relative changes in average energy of the EEG and its wavelet decompositions were used for extracting the stress reaction indicators. Incident average power densities (IAPDs) of 35 GHz millimeter waves from 0.5 W cm(-2) to 7.5 W cm(-2) were employed to investigate the relation between irradiation dose and the stress reactions in the rats. Different stress reaction periods evoked by irradiation were quantitatively evaluated by EEG results. The results illustrate that stress reactions are more intense during the first part of the irradiation than during the later part. The skin temperature increase produced by millimeter wave irradiation is the principle reason for stress reactions and skin injuries. As expected, at the higher levels of irradiation, the reaction time decreases and the reaction intensity increases.     

临床药师在抗菌药物临床应用管理中的作用

为全面贯彻落实《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》,促进临床抗菌药物使用安全、有效、经济。临床药师通过对围术期抗菌药物预防使用干预、处方点评、药品不良反应报告、细菌耐药监测等工作,使抗菌药物临床应用进一步规范,药品不良反应明显减少,抗菌药物使用比例逐步下降。临床药师要充分发挥专业特长,在促进抗菌药物合理使用方面发挥重要作用。     

氟哌啶醇与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症疗效和安全性的随机对照研究

目的比较氟哌啶醇与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法将符合精神分裂症诊断标准的住院患者按照1:2比例随机分为氟哌啶醇(n=120)和奥氮平治疗组(n=252),进行为期6周的治疗观察;于基线及治疗2、4、6周末评定阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrom scale,PANSS),锥体外系副反应量表(rating scale for extrapyramdal side effects,RSESE)、静坐不能评定量表(barnes akathisia rating scale,BARS)和异常不自主运动量表(abnormal involuntary movement scale,AIMS);计算体质量指数(body mass index,BMI);基线及治疗4、6周末测定空腹血糖、血脂和肝功能等指标。结果氟哌啶醇组与奥氮平组基线PANSS总分差异无统计学意义;第6周末氟哌啶醇组PANSS总分低于奥氮平组(53.31±1.64 vs.58.05±1.02),减分率高于后者(60.63±2.86%vs.52.45±1.80%),均P<0.05;两组有效率(66.7%vs.62.7%)差异无统计学意义。第6周末氟哌啶醇组BMI较基线的变化值(0.08±0.20 kg/m2vs.0.91±0.12 kg/m2)、谷丙转氨酶异常病例数比例(16.98%vs.28.07%)均低于奥氮平组(P<0.05);第4周末氟哌啶醇组甘油三酯较基线的变化值低于奥氮平组(0.24±0.12 mmol/L vs.0.57±0.07 mmol/L),P<0.05。氟哌啶醇组锥体外系不良反应发生率(73.3%)明显高于奥氮平组(10.71%),P<0.05。结论在精神分裂症急性期,氟哌啶醇治疗有效率与奥氮平相当,对体重、血脂、转氨酶的影响较小,但锥体外系不良反应发生率较高。     

碳酸钙D3片联合维生素E与碳酸钙D3片单用对绝经女性骨质疏松症的疗效比较

目的比较在绝经后女性骨质疏松症患者中碳酸钙D3片和维生素E联合应用与碳酸钙D3片单用的疗效。方法筛选门诊145名51～70岁绝经后患骨质疏松症的女性患者,随机分为联合用药组与单用组,联合用药组74例,单用组71例。联合用药组服用碳酸钙D3片(每片含钙600 mg、维生素D 125国际单位,1片/次,1次/d)和维生素E(每片含维生素E50 mg,1片/次,3次/d),单用组仅同法服用碳酸钙D3片。两组均服药1年,比较两组治疗前后的临床症状缓解情况、血清骨钙素、骨密度、雌二醇与血清碱性磷酸酶的变化情况。结果联合用药组的临床症状缓解、血清骨钙素与骨密度、雌二醇、血清碱性磷酸酶的变化情况均较单用组显著,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合应用碳酸钙D3片和维生素E比单用碳酸钙D3片在治疗绝经后女性骨质疏松症的效果更好。     

222Rn-220Rn分辨探测器参加国际比对结果分析

目的 提高²²²Rn与²²⁰Rn的累积测量水平,保证测量结果的准确性与可靠性。方法 采用中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所的氡课题组（以下简称本实验室）改进的LD-P型²²²Rn-²²⁰Rn分辨探测器参加日本放射线医学综合研究所（NIRS）组织的²²²Rn-²²⁰Rn累积探测器国际比对。将²²²Rn-²²⁰Rn分辨探测器寄往日本,在NIRS的²²²Rn室和²²⁰Rn室进行不同条件下的比对,暴露结束后再寄回本实验室进行蚀刻与分析,测量结果告知NIRS。最后NIRS将²²²Rn与²²⁰Rn暴露参考值回馈本实验室。结果 在高²²²Rn和低²²²Rn条件下,测量值与NIRS提供的参考值的相对百分偏差（RPD）分别为-12.0%、-11.8%;变异系数（COV）分别为3.0%、6.2%。在高²²⁰Rn和低²²⁰Rn条件下,测量值与NIRS提供的参考值的相对百分偏差（RPD）分别为-0.8%、-8.0%;变异系数（COV）分别为6.7%、4.5%。结论 本次比对LD-P型探测器²²²Rn与²²⁰Rn的测量结果均为NIRS规定的Ι级结果（PRD<10%）,比对结果较好。     

应用金纳米颗粒复合材料(ssDNA-AuNPs)比色检测γ射线照射剂量的可行性研究

目的 建立检测γ射线照射剂量的新方法,探讨应用金纳米颗粒复合材料（ssDNA-AuNPs）比色检测γ射线照射剂量的可行性。方法 将寡核苷酸分子（ssDNA）修饰到金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）表面,制备出复合材料ssDNA-AuNPs。用⁶⁰Co γ射线对其进行照射,剂量分别为0、5、10、20和30 Gy,而后观察溶液颜色变化并测量紫外-可见吸收光谱,建立吸收光谱中625 nm处与521 nm处吸光度的比值（A₆₂₅/A₅₂₁）与照射剂量线性关系。结果 随着⁶⁰Co γ射线照射剂量的不断增加,ssDNA-AuNPs溶液的颜色由酒红色逐渐变为蓝紫色。在0~30 Gy剂量范围内,吸收光谱中A₆₂₅/A₅₂₁的比值对其拟合线性方程为A₆₂₅/A₅₂₁=0.020 6+0.303 6E（R²=0.991 5）。结论 本实验合成的ssDNA-AuNPs能够比色检测γ射线照射剂量,建立了一种比色检测γ射线照射剂量的新方法。     

HPLC-MS/MS法在骨髓移植患者全血CSA及AM1浓度测定中的应用

目的 建立同时测定骨髓移植患者全血环孢素A(CSA)及AM1浓度的HPLC-MS/MS法,探索CSA及其主要代谢产物AM1在个体内及个体间的关系,为临床合理选用CSA血药浓度监测方法提供可靠依据.方法 采用环孢素D(CSD)作内标,全血样品经含内标甲醇沉淀蛋白处理.色谱柱为Ultimate XB-C18,柱温65℃,流动相为含0.1％甲酸和2 mmol/L乙酸铵的水和含0.1％甲酸的甲醇,梯度洗脱.质谱检测方式为电喷雾离子阱正离子模式,质谱多反应监测(MRM)扫描,监测CSA1219.9～1203.1 m/z,AM1 1236.1～1219.1 m/z,CSD 1234.0～1217.0 m/z.结果 CSA浓度在16～1600 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,Y=0.0143X+0.0213(r=0.9976);AM1浓度在10～1000 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,Y=0.00363X-0.00528(r=0.9973).CSA与AM1个体间比率(AM1/CSA)范围为32％～356％;CSA与AM1个体内比率(AM1/CSA)范围为27％～147％.结论 建立了同时检测CSA及AM1的HPLC-MS/MS法;CSA在骨髓移植患者个体间及个体内代谢存在变异;HPLC-MS/MS法可用于临床骨髓移植患者全血CSA浓度的监测.     

临床教学师资队伍建设探析

目的加强临床教师队伍建设,提高临床教学质量。方法结合某校临床教学质量监控数据,对临床教学师资队伍现状及存在的主要问题进行分析。结果临床教学师资队伍现状不甚理想,存在人员结构不合理、教学能力差距大等诸多问题,加强教师队伍建设势在必行。结论通过优化临床教学师资队伍人员结构、加强统一化管理与培训、提高临床教师薪酬等一系列措施,加强临床教学师资队伍建设,提高临床教师教学能力与工作积极性,达到提高临床教学质量、培养优秀医学人才目的。