我国胫骨远端骨折经MIPPO与切开复位内固定治疗的系统评价

目的：系统评价我国小切口复位内固定术（MIPPO）与切开复位内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效与安全性。方法计算机检索中国知网（CNKI：2003年9月-2013年5月）、万方数据库（2003年9月-2013年5月）、维普数据库（2003年9月-2013年5月）,中国生物医学数据库及超星电子图书。手工检索国内近五年来发表于《中华骨科杂志》、《中国矫形外科杂志》及《临床骨科杂志》等各骨科杂志及相关杂志的相关文献。收集所有相关 MIPPO与切开复位内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的随机对照试验及半随机对照试验,采用 Cochrane协作网提供的软件 RevMan5．0进行系统评价。结果共纳入12篇随机对照试验及半随机对照试验,共733例患者,纳入研究质量评价结果为 B级10篇,C级2篇。系统评价结果显示,与切开复位内固定组相比,MIPPO 组术中失血量少[SMD＝-4．46,95％CI（-5．87,-3．05）,P ＜0．05];骨折愈合时间短[SMD＝-1．54,95％CI（-2．02,-1．06）,P＜0．05];术后优良率高[RR＝1．22,95％CI（1．13,1．32）,P ＜0．05],但两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义。结论采用 MIPPO术治疗胫骨远端骨折具有明显的优势,值得临床推广。但由于该系统评价尚存在一定的局限性,故需要大量严格的、大样本量的、多中心性的,并且采用正确的随机、盲法、分配隐藏以及对失访与退出的患者进行正确的意向性分析（ITT分析）等文献研究来进一步论证。     

MR imaging of facial nerve enhancement in Bell palsy or after temporal bone surgery

The authors evaluated magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained with intravenously administered gadolinium in ten patients who had facial paralysis and no facial nerve tumor. In patients with either Bell palsy (four patients) or facial paralysis after temporal bone surgery (six patients), intratemporal facial nerve enhancement was seen. Facial nerve enhancement on MR images proved to be a nonspecific finding.     

污水中汞的微波消解冷原子吸收测定法

目的 改进冷原子吸收法测定污水中汞的消解方法。方法 采用王水（1＋1）微波消解法代替KMnO4-K2S2O8消解法测定污水中的汞。结果 王水（1＋1）微波消解水样测定污水中汞，方法的线性范围为0~10.0μg／L，检出限为0.25μg／L，相对标准偏差小于2.7％，加标回收率为95.0％-102.0%。结论 与KMnO4-K2S2O8消解法相比，该方法具有较高的灵敏度和精密度，操作简单，结果可靠，适用于环境监测分析。     

The kinetic occipital (KO) region in man: an fMRI study

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore, in individual subjects, the properties of the kinetic occipital (KO) region, which previous position emission tomography studies have shown to be involved in the processing of kinetic boundaries. The KO region was significantly activated in 23/25 subjects tested in the subtraction of uniform motion from kinetic gratings. The KO region is genuinely specialized for processing kinetic boundaries since it is significantly more activated by kinetic gratings than by luminance-defined gratings, uniform motion or transparent motion. This leaves only the kinetic boundaries, created by discontinuities in motion direction, as the specific stimulus aspect, activating the KO region. The KO region is anatomically and functionally distinct from areas MT/V5, V3 and V3A. It also has minimal overlap with the lateral occipital (LO) region. The selective activation of the KO region is robust and relatively immune to changes in stimulus size, spatial frequency and type of kinetic boundary. These results strongly argue for the view that the KO region is a new, separate, functional region in human occipital cortex.      

Association between the T-381C polymorphism of the brain natriuretic peptide gene and risk of type 2 diabetes in human populations

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP/NPPB) is a member of the natriureticfamily involved in the regulation of blood pressure and bloodvolume as well as lipolysis control in human fat cells. ThusBNP may play a role in energy metabolism and metabolic diseases.We therefore assessed the association between the BNP promoterT-381C polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolicand BNP expression traits in several population samples. InFrench population-based samples (n = 3216), we found that individualsbearing the -381CC genotype had lower (P = 0.005) fasting glucoselevels than -381TC or -381TT individuals. Moreover, the -381CCgenotype was less frequent in individuals with type 2 diabetes(n = 280, 13.6%) or with impaired fasting glucose (n = 248,12.9%) compared with normoglycaemic individuals (n = 2485, 17.8%).The adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes for-381CC individuals was 0.69 (0.47–1.00), P = 0.05, whencompared with -381T allele bearers. We replicated this associationin four additional case–control studies for type 2 diabetes.The overall OR (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes was 0.85 (0.76–0.96),P = 0.008, (under a recessive model) (3593 cases and 6646 controlsin total). We also found that the -381C allele was associatedwith higher plasma BNP concentrations (P = 0.015, n = 634) andhigher BNP promoter activity in reporter gene assays. Collectively,these data suggest that relatively high BNP expression may protectagainst type 2 diabetes in humans.     

No evidence for linkage at candidate type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci on chromosomes 12 and 20 in United Kingdom Caucasians

Several studies have identified evidence for linkage between type 2 diabetes and the regions on chromosomes 12 and 20 containing the maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) genes, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha) and HNF-4alpha. Two studies examining the HNF-1alpha region have demonstrated evidence for linkage at genome-wide levels of significance, whereas four studies examining the HNF-4alpha locus have resulted in evidence for linkage at more suggestive levels of significance. The demonstration of linkage to these regions in additional patient series will strengthen the evidence that susceptibility alleles exist at these loci. We therefore assessed the evidence for linkage to these regions using a large cohort of United Kingdom Caucasian type 2 diabetes-affected sibling pairs. A maximum total of 315 affected full sibling pairs were typed for microsatellite markers across the MODY regions and, in a subset of families, for markers spanning the whole of chromosome 20. Evidence for linkage was assessed using a multipoint, mode of inheritance-free method. Linkage analysis did not reveal any significant evidence for excess allele sharing at any of the regions studied. Loci contributing sibling recurrence risks, relative to the general population risk, of 1.75 and 1.25 could be excluded for the HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha regions, respectively. We have not confirmed in United Kingdom Caucasians the evidence for linkage previously reported on 12q and 20q. Our results highlight further the problems of replicating previous positive linkage results across different ethnic groups.