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101.
MP Busch ; EA Operskalski ; JW Mosley ; CE Stevens ; ER Schiff ; SH Kleinman ; H Lee ; M Lee ; M Harris 《Transfusion》1994,34(10):858-864
BACKGROUND: The long-term course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-related disease among seropositive blood donors has not been described. The enrollment and epidemiologic background of HIV-1- infected donors in the Transfusion Safety Study and their immunologic and clinical progression are described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Through the testing of approximately 200,000 sera from donations made in late 1984 and early 1985, 146 anti-HIV-1-positive donors and 151 uninfected matched donors were enrolled. These two cohorts were followed with 6-month interval histories and laboratory testing. RESULTS: Seropositive donors detected before the institution of routine anti-HIV-1 screening disproportionately were first-time donors and men with exclusively male sexual contacts. The actuarial probability of a person's developing AIDS within 7 years after donation was 40 percent; the probability of a person's dying of AIDS was 28 percent. AIDS developed more often when the donor was p24 antigen-positive at donation. Over a 3-year period, significant decreases occurred in CD4+, CD2+CD26+, CD4+CD29+, and CD20+CD21+ counts, but not in CD8+ subsets, CD20+, or CD14+. CONCLUSION: The high proportions of first-time donations and exclusively homosexual men among seropositive donors suggest that test-seeking may have contributed to the high HIV-1 prevalence in the repository. Implementation of alternative test sites when routine donor screening began in 1985 may have averted many high- risk donations. The disease course in HIV-1-infected donors had the same wide spectrum of immunologic and clinical manifestations as were reported for other cohorts. 相似文献
102.
R?FoyEmail author MP?Eccles G?Jamtvedt J?Young JM?Grimshaw R?Baker 《BMC health services research》2005,5(1):50
Background
Improving the quality of health care requires a range of evidence-based activities. Audit and feedback is commonly used as a quality improvement tool in the UK National Health Service [NHS]. We set out to assess whether current guidance and systematic review evidence can sufficiently inform practical decisions about how to use audit and feedback to improve quality of care. 相似文献103.
104.
Sabine MP Verschueren Christophe Delecluse Albrecht L Claessens Patrick Haentjens Dirk Vanderschueren Steven Boonen 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2011,26(1):42-49
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis represent a growing public health problem. We studied the potential benefit of whole‐body vibration (WBV) training given a conventional or a high dose of daily vitamin D supplementation in improving strength, muscle mass, and bone density in postmenopausal women. In a 2 × 2 factorial‐design trial, 113 institutionalized elderly females aged over 70 years (mean age 79.6 years) were randomly assigned either to a WBV or a no‐training group, receiving either a conventional dose (880 IU/day) or a high dose (1600 IU/day) of vitamin D3. The primary aim was to determine the effects of 6 months of WBV and/or vitamin D supplementation on isometric and dynamic strength, leg muscle mass, and hip bone mineral density (BMD). Additionally, the increase in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels between conventional and high‐dose supplementation was compared. After 6 months of treatment, dynamic muscle strength, hip BMD, and vitamin D serum levels improved significantly in all groups, whereas isometric strength and muscle mass did not change. When compared with no training, the WBV program did not result in additional improvements. When compared with 880 IU, a high dose of 1600 IU of vitamin D did result in higher serum vitamin D levels but did not result in additional improvements. In institutionalized women older than 70 years, the WBV training protocol tested is not more efficient in enhancing muscle mass, strength, and hip BMD compared with vitamin D supplementation. A higher dose of 1600 IU of vitamin D does not provide additional musculoskeletal benefit in this population compared with conventional doses. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 相似文献
105.
TN Kakuda M Schöller-Gyüre G De Smedt G Beets F Aharchi MP Peeters K Vandermeulen BJ Woodfall RMW Hoetelmans 《HIV medicine》2009,10(3):173-181
Objective
Two open‐label, randomized, cross‐over trials in healthy volunteers were conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between etravirine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.Methods
Etravirine was administered as either 800 mg twice a day (bid) (phase II formulation in Study 1) or 200 mg bid (phase III formulation in Study 2) for 8 days followed by a 12 h pharmacokinetic evaluation. After a minimum of 14 days washout, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg once a day was administered for 16 days. Volunteers were randomized to receive co‐administration of etravirine with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on either days 1–8 or days 9–16 followed by a 12 h pharmacokinetic evaluation for etravirine on day 8 or 16, respectively. Plasma and urine tenofovir concentrations were determined on days 8 and 16 over 24 h.Results
The least square mean (LSM) ratio [90% confidence interval (CI)] for the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC12 h) for etravirine co‐administered with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs. etravirine alone was 0.69 (0.61–0.79) and 0.81 (0.75–0.88) in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. The LSM ratio (90% CI) for the effect of etravirine on tenofovir AUC24 h was 1.16 (1.09–1.23) in Study 1 and 1.15 (1.09–1.21) in Study 2.Conclusions
These alterations are not considered clinically relevant for either drug and no dose adjustment is necessary when etravirine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate are co‐administered. 相似文献106.
107.
V.?CelentanoEmail author M.?Browning C.?Hitchins M.?C.?Giglio M.?G.?Coleman 《Surgical endoscopy》2017,31(11):4496-4504
Introduction
Instructive laparoscopy videos with appropriate exposition could be ideal for initial training in laparoscopic surgery, but unfortunately there are no guidelines for annotating these videos or agreed methods to measure the educational content and the safety of the procedure presented. Aim of this study is to systematically search the World Wide Web to determine the availability of laparoscopic colorectal surgery videos and to objectively establish their potential training value.Methods
A search for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy videos was performed on the three most used English language web search engines Google.com, Bing.com, and Yahoo.com; moreover, a survey among 25 local trainees was performed to identify additional websites for inclusion. All laparoscopic right hemicolectomy videos with an English language title were included. Videos of open surgery, single incision laparoscopic surgery, robotic, and hand-assisted surgery were excluded. The safety of the demonstrated procedure was assessed with a validated competency assessment tool specifically designed for laparoscopic colorectal surgery and data on the educational content of the video were extracted.Results
Thirty-one websites were identified and 182 surgical videos were included. One hundred and seventy-three videos (95%) detailed the year of publication; this demonstrated a significant increase in the number of videos published per year from 2009. Characteristics of the patient were rarely presented, only 10 videos (5.4%) reported operating time and only 6 videos (3.2%) reported 30-day morbidity; 34 videos (18.6%) underwent a peer-review process prior to publication. Formal case presentation, the presence of audio narration, the use of diagrams, and snapshots and a step-by-step approach are all characteristics of peer-reviewed videos but no significant difference was found in the safety of the procedure.Conclusions
Laparoscopic videos can be a useful adjunct to operative training. There is a large and increasing amount of material available for free on the internet, but this is currently unregulated.108.
109.
Protective effects of polydatin against CCl4-induced injury to primarily cultured rat hepatocytes 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
HUANG Zhao Sheng WANG Zong Wei LIU Ming Ping ZHONG Shi Qing LI Qiao Mei RONG Xiang Lu 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》1999,(1):41-44
NTRODUCTIONPolygonumcuspidatumSieb.etZucc.(Polygonaceae)isatraditionalChineseherbaldrug,withbitertasteandcoldnature.Itmainly... 相似文献
110.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the risk of infection (defined as the recovery of the relevant organism from the implant site) in a mouse model when low numbers of bacteria were present on an implanted biomaterial. Segments of different types of suture with adherent bacteria were implanted subcutaneously into mice. The infection risk with Staphylococcus aureus was greater than with Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A or Candida albicans. The infection risk with the implantation of multifilament sutures was significantly greater than with monofilament sutures. When <10 colony forming units (cfu) of S. aureus were present on monofilament suture material, the infection rate was 3%. When <10 cfu of S. aureus were present on multifilament suture material, the infection rate was 7%. An infection rate of 15% occurred with <10 cfu of S. aureus on multifilament nylon sutures. When >10 but <20 cfu of S. aureus were present, the infection rates were 4 and 51%, respectively. These data confirm that the infection rate with multifilament sutures (or porous materials) is greater than with monofilament sutures (or solid materials) when the organisms are encountered at implantation (acute model) and indicate that a significant risk of infection may occur when only a few organisms are on a device at implantation. 相似文献