Association of sleep problems and sleep duration with self-rated health and grip strength among older adults in India and China: results from the study on global aging and adult health (SAGE)

Background

Sleep is an important predictor of health and quality of life. This study examined the association between sleep problems and sleep duration with self-rated poor health and grip strength among respondents aged 50 years and above in India and China.Methods: The data for this study were derived from the first wave of WHO’s Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE), a nationally representative panel survey conducted in six LMICs. Grip strength and poor self-rated health were the main outcome variables, while sleep problems and sleep duration were the main predictors. Multivariate logistic regression models and ordinary least squares regression models were used to understand the association between sleep problems and sleep duration with poor self-rated health and grip strength.

Results

Sleep problems and sleep duration were strongly and significantly associated with poor self-rated health and grip strength in India and China. Compared to older adults with no sleep problems, the odds ratio for poor self-rated health among older adults with sleep problems was 4.86 (95% CI?=?4.12, 5.73, p?<?0.01) and 5.06 (95% CI?=?3.93, 6.51, p?<?0.01) higher for India and China, respectively. The likelihood of reporting poor health was higher among older adults who got ≤ 6 or 10+ h of sleep in both India and China. A negative and significant association was found between longer sleep duration and grip strength only in China (β?=??1.19, 95% CI?=??1.78, ?0.60, p?<?0.01).

Conclusion

We observed a significant association between sleep problems and sleep duration with poor self-rated health and grip strength. Results suggested that sleep problems are important factors in determining the health of older adults in low- and middle-income countries.

     

Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in healthy Indian school‐going adolescents from rural and urban localities and its relationship with various anthropometric indices: a cross‐sectional study

Background

Micronutrient deficiency is a global health burden, especially among developing countries. The present cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in healthy Indian school‐going adolescents, based on area of residence, sex and body mass index (BMI) . Furthermore, the relationship of serum B₁₂ concentration with dietary vitamin B₁₂ intake and anthropometric indices was assessed among adolescents from rural and urban India.

Methods

A total of 2403 school‐going adolescents (11–17 years) from National Capital Region and rural areas of Haryana, India were selected. Serum B₁₂ concentrations were estimated using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Dietary assessments were conducted on 65% of total participants (n  = 1556) by two 24‐h diet recalls.

Results

The prevalence of vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in the total study population was 32.4% (rural: 43.9% versus urban: 30.1%, P  < 0.001; male: 34.4% versus female: 31.0%, P  < 0.05; normal weight: 28.1%, versus overweight: 39.8%, versus obese: 51.2%, P  < 0.001). More than half (51.2%) of obese adolescents were vitamin B₁₂ deficient. On multiple linear regression analysis, serum B₁₂ in rural adolescents was associated with age (β = ?0.12, P  < 0.05). Among urban adolescents, serum B₁₂ was associated with BMI (β = ?0.08, P  < 0.05) and adjusted dietary vitamin B₁₂ intake (β = 0.14, P  < 0.001). Serum vitamin B₁₂ levels were found to be lower in rural females (β = ?0.12, P  = 0.030) and urban males (β: 0.11, P  < 0.001) compared to their respective contemporaries.

Conclusions

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency was higher among rural school‐going adolescents. Boys had a higher B₁₂ deficiency than girls. Inverse associations of serum B₁₂ with adiposity indices were observed. Serum B₁₂ levels were positively associated with dietary vitamin B₁₂ intake.

     

Novel heteroleptic complexes of titanium(IV) derived from 2-hydroxyacetophenone: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and molecular docking studies

A few new and versatile complexes of titanium(IV) derived from 2-hydroxyacetophenone of the types {[(Ap)Ti(OPr ⁱ )_2?n (L₂) _n ] (2a, 2e and 2f)}, {[(Ap)Ti(L₁OR)(L₂)] (2b–2d, 2g–2i)} have been synthesized by the reaction of the precursor [(Ap)Ti(OPr ⁱ )₂] with different 2-heteroaryl methyl ketone oximes and alkoxyalkanols in various molar ratios in refluxing toluene yielded mono nuclear heteroleptic derivatives, {where, n = 1–2, HAp = 2-hydroxyacetophenone, Pr ⁱ  = isopropyl, L₁ = O–CH₂–CH₂?, R = CH₃, C₂H₅, C₄H₉ and HL₂=HONC(Me)py-2, HONC(Me)fu-2}. All these newly synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass, UV, FT-IR and NMR (¹H, ¹³C) spectral studies. The mass spectra of the newly synthesized molecules indicate their monomeric state. Spectral studies suggest the bonding between metal and ligands in a tetra coordinated fashion. Thermogravimetric analyses indicate the multistep decomposition of complexes resulting TiO₂ as the end product at 600 °C. Antibacterial activities of these complexes were also exercised. Complex 2e is equipotent to the standard drug against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A keen molecular docking study revealed lesser docking scores of some of these complexes than that of the standard drug gentamicin.     

Coexisting lumbar and cervical stenosis (tandem spinal stenosis): an infrequent presentation. Retrospective analysis of single-stage surgery (53 cases)

Study design

Retrospective analysis of 53 patients who underwent single stage simultaneous surgery for tandem spinal stenosis (TSS) at single centre.

Objective

To discuss the presentation of combined cervical and lumbar (tandem) stenosis and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-stage simultaneous surgery.

Summary of background data

Combined stenosis is an infrequent presentation with mixed presentation of upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron signs. Scarce literature on its presentation and management is available. There is a controversy in the surgical strategy of these patients. Staged surgeries are frequently recommended and only few single-stage surgeries reported.

Methods

All the patients were clinico-radiologically diagnosed TSS. Surgeries were performed in single stage by two teams. Results were evaluated with Nurick grade, modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (mJOA), oswestry disability index (ODI), patient satisfaction index, mJOA recovery rate, blood loss and complication.

Results

The mJOA cervical and ODI score improved from a mean 8.86 and 68.15 preoperatively to 13.00 and 30.11, respectively, at 12 months and to 14.52 and 24.03 at final follow-up. The average mJOA recovery rate was 48.23 ± 26.90 %. Patient satisfaction index was 2.13 ± 0.91 at final follow-up. Estimated blood loss of ≤400 ml and operating room time of <150 min showed improvement of scores and lessened the complications. In the age group below 60 years, the improvement was statistically significant in ODI (p = 0.02) and Nurick’s grade (p = 0.03) with average improvement in mJOA score.

Conclusion

Short-lasting surgery, single anaesthesia, reduced morbidity and hospital stay as well as costs, an early return to function, high patient satisfaction rate with encouraging results justify single-stage surgery in TSS. Age, blood loss and duration of surgery decide the complication rate and outcome of surgery. Staged surgery is recommended in patients above the age of 60 years.     

Chemopreventive potential of Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) against DMBA induced skin carcinogenesis model by modulatory influence on biochemical and antioxidant biomarkers in Swiss mice

Aim:

The study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive potential of flavonoidal fractions of Apium leptophyllum fruits (FFALF) on Swiss mice.

Materials and Methods:

Skin tumor or papilloma was developed by topical application of DMBA (25 μg in 0.1 ml acetone) on intrascapular region of mice, twice weekly for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into six groups: Group I (vehicle control); group II (FFALF control, 5 mg/kg); group III (carcinogenic control, DMBA treated initially for 8 weeks); and group IV, V and VI as pre-treated group (FFALF 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg respectively for 16 weeks along with DMBA treatment). After the 16^th week of treatment; the tumor morphology, skin histopathology, and biochemical and antioxidant biomarkers were measured and compared with carcinogenic control as well as vehicle control.

Results:

The co-administration of FFALF with DMBA-treated groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.001) prevention against skin papilloma and normalized the status of lipid peroxidation with antioxidant biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner as compared to carcinogenic control.

Conclusions:

Thus, the present study suggests that the FFALF is non-carcinogenic and has chemopreventive potential on DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in mouse, which may be due to the modulation of cutaneous lipid peroxidation or enhancement of total antioxidant capacity.KEY WORDS: Apium leptophyllum, antioxidant biomarker, chemoprevention, DMBA, skin papilloma     

Evolución de pacientes tratados con armazones coronarios bioabsorbibles liberadores de everolimus tras su disolución completa

Introduction and objectivesLong-term outcomes of unselected patients treated with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) implantation are lacking, especially for the period after complete dissolution of the BVS. This study sought to evaluate 5-year outcomes in patients treated with BVS in routine practice.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent implantation of everolimus-eluting BVS during routine clinical practice at 2 high-volume centres in Germany were studied. The patients were followed-up for up to 5 years. The primary endpoints of interest were the composite of death, myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization, as well as definite scaffold thrombosis.ResultsA total of 419 patients (mean age 66.6 ± 10.9 years; 31.5% had diabetes) were included, of whom 38.9% presented with an acute coronary syndrome. Of the 527 lesions treated, 49.0% were classified as complex and 13.1% were bifurcation lesions. At 5 years, the composite clinical endpoint occurred in 33.1% of patients and definite scaffold thrombosis occurred in 4.7%. Most definite scaffold thrombosis occurred within 2 years after BVS implantation.ConclusionsIn patients treated with BVS implantation in routine clinical practice the rates of adverse clinical events at 5 years were high, including a considerable incidence of scaffold thrombosis.     

The role of laparoscopy in children with groin problems

The use of laparoscopic surgery has grown dramatically in recent years in most all types of surgery. Historically, the early use of laparoscopic surgery was for pelvic and groin problems. In this article we review the current technique, indications, benefits and complications of laparoscopy in diagnosis and management of various groin problems in children including undescended testes (non-palpable and palpable) and inguinal hernia.     

Increasing access to renal transplantation in India through our single‐center kidney paired donation program: a model for the developing world to prevent commercial transplantation

Because access to transplantation with HLA‐desensitization protocols and ABO incompatible transplantation is very limited due to high costs and increased risk of infections from more intense immunosuppression, kidney paired donation (KPD) promises hope to a growing number of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patient in India. We present a government and institutional ethical review board approved study of 56 ESRD patients [25 two‐way and 2 three‐way pairs] who consented to participate in KPD transplantation at our center in 2013, performed to avoid blood group incompatibility (n = 52) or positive cross‐match (n = 4). All patients had anatomic, functional, and immunologically comparable donors. The waiting time in KPD was short as compared to deceased donor transplantation. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy was performed in 54 donors. Donor relationships were spousal (n = 40), parental (n = 13), others (n = 3), with median HLA match of 1. Graft survival was 97.5%. Three patients died with functioning graft. 16% had biopsy‐proven acute rejection. Mean serum creatinine was 1.2 mg/dl at 0.73 ± 0.32 months follow‐up. KPD is a viable, legal, and rapidly growing modality for facilitating LDRT for patients who are incompatible with their healthy, willing living donor. To our knowledge, this is the largest single‐center report from India.