Acyl Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate,assumed to be a marker for lysosomes,is a major phospholipid of vaccinia virions

A hitherto unknown major phospholipid of purified vaccinia virions harvested from lysed cells was identified as acyl bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate by chromatographic comparison with synthetic bisphosphatidic acid and various analogs. It accounts for 20–30% of the total viral phospholipids. Digestion with pancreatic phospholipase A₂ liberates fatty acids and results in bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, which is thought to represent a phospholipid marker for cellular lysosomes. Possible implications for the intracellular virus dissemination are discussed.     

Linkage studies between HL-A and GPT polymorphisms and other genetic markers.

The phenotypes of 56 families with 126 children from the Hamburg area as well as gene frequencies and segregation of the genetic markers GPT, AP, ADA, AK, PGM1, PGM3, 6-PGD, CHE, C3, Gc, Tf, Hp and Cp were studied. In regard to linkage, the informative families were correlated to the results of HL-A and GPT typing. The linkage was tested according to the sequential test by MORTON (1955). See article. For other gene loci, linkage to the HL-A or GPT system could not be proved. But the positive lod scores of HL-A/GPT, HL-A/AP and GPT/6-PGD may give indication for linkage.     

Serum- und Erythrocyten-Magnesium bei renaler Insuffizienz

Zusammenfassung 1. Bei akuten und chronischen Niereninsuffizienzen finden sich normale und erhöhte Serum-Magnesium-Werte. Eine Beziehung zwischen Serum-Magnesium und Serum-Rest-N besteht nicht.2. Die erythrocytären Magnesium-Konzentrationen sind bei akuter, erst kurzfristig bestehender Niereninsuffizienz normal, bei chronischer Niereninsuffizienz stets erhöht. Der Anstieg des erythrocytären Magnesiumgehaltes ist nicht die Folge einer renalen Magnesium-Retention. 3. Es besteht eine positive Korrelation zwischen Erythrocyten-Magnesium einerseits und Rest-Stickstoff, anorganischen Sulfaten sowie anorganischen Phosphaten des Serums anderseits. 4. Es wird vermutet, daß der bei renaler Insuffizienz sich entwickelnde Anstieg des erythrocytären Magnesiumgehaltes durch Auswirkungen der urämischen Stoffwechselstörung auf die Erythropoese hervorgerufen wird.Technische Assistenz:H. Becker.Herrn Professor Dr.R. Duesberg zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: a magnetoencephalographic study

Recently, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has evolved as a potential therapeutic tool to interfere with brain changes associated with neurological and psychiatric diseases. Little is known about its mode of action, however. Here, we investigated effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on spontaneous magnetoencephalographic activity in patients with major depression. Before treatment, depressed patients showed a significant increase in slow magnetoencephalographic activity (2-6 Hz) over the left prefrontal cortex, compared with healthy controls. This activity significantly decreased during 10 days of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, paralleled by clinical improvement. We conclude that therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation effects can be mirrored by changes of spontaneous magnetoencephalographic activity.     

Partial ceramic crowns: influence of preparation design and luting material on internal adaptation

The influence of three different cavity preparations on the marginal integrity of partial ceramic crowns (PCC) luted with four different luting systems was investigated in this in vitro study. PCC preparations were performed in 144 extracted human molars using one of the following preparation designs (n=48/preparation): A--Coverage of functional cusps/butt joint preparation; B--horizontal reduction of functional cusps and C--complete reduction of functional cusps/butt joint preparation. Non-functional cusps were not covered; mesial and distal proximal boxes were extended 1 mm below the cemento-enamel-junction. PCC were fabricated from Vita Mark II ceramic (Vita) with a Cerec 3 Unit (Sirona) and adhesively luted to the cavities using the following luting systems: (VL) Variolink II/Excite (Vivadent), (PA) Panavia F/ED Primer (Kuraray), (DY) Dyract/Prime & Bond NT (DeTrey/Dentsply) and (FU) Fuji Plus/GC Cavity Conditioner (GC). Samples were simultaneously exposed to thermocycling and mechanical loading (TC: 5000x8-55 degrees C, 30 seconds/cycle; ML: 500000x72.5N, 1.6Hz). Marginal adaptation was assessed by evaluating dye penetration on multiple sections by relating the actual penetration distance to the maximal length of the corresponding cavity wall (100%). Ceramic- and tooth-luting material interfaces were evaluated separately. The data were statistically analyzed with the Mann Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon Rank Sumtest. In general, no significant differences could be found between preparations A, B and C. The combination of preparation C and luting material PA showed a tendency for the lowest dye penetration values, especially within dentin (30%). Significant differences could be determined between luting materials: Composite luting materials PA (0%) and VL (1%) revealed less dye penetration than the compomer DY (6%) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) FU (26%); use of RMGIC caused fractures of the restorations. The dentin/luting material interface showed the highest penetration values, ranging from 17% to 100%. In conclusion, with adhesively bonded partial ceramic crowns, the choice of luting material proved to be more relevant than preparation design under the limitations of this study. Margins below the cemento-enamel junction reveal significant loss of adhesion in spite of subsequent application of adhesive luting techniques. RMGIC cannot be recommended as a luting material for feldspathic PCC.     

Propacetamol and diclofenac alone and in combination for analgesia after elective tonsillectomy

BACKGROUND: Diclofenac and paracetamol have different mechanisms and sites of action. Therefore, we tested if their combination is more effective for analgesia after tonsillectomy than either drug alone with respect to rescue analgesic consumption and visual analog scale values. METHODS: The analgesic effects of intravenously administered propacetamol (injectable pro-drug of paracetamol) and diclofenac or a combination on postoperative pain were compared in 71 adult elective tonsillectomy patients in a randomized, double-blind study. After induction of anesthesia the patients received monotherapy with 2 g propacetamol (n = 25) or 75 mg diclofenac (n = 25), or a combined treatment with 2 g propacetamol and 75 mg diclofenac (n = 21) in physiologic saline as an infusion. Postoperatively the propacetamol dosage was repeated twice and diclofenac once on the ward. Oxycodone (0.03 mg kg(-1)) was used as a rescue analgesic by patient-controlled analgesia. RESULTS: On average the patients needed oxycodone 15.3, 13.2 and 10.6 times in the propacetamol, diclofenac and combination groups, respectively (NS). A verbal rating scale and a visual analog scale were employed for assessing post-tonsillectomy pain, nausea and patient satisfaction in all groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Twelve of the 25 (48%) patients having received propacetamol complained of pain at the cannulation site. CONCLUSION: Combined treatment with propacetamol and diclofenac with the dosages used provided clinically only a minor advantage over monotherapy with propacetamol or diclofenac with respect to postoperative analgesia or the incidence of side-effects in adult tonsillectomy patients.     

Sensorimotor control is impaired in dancers with functional ankle instability

BACKGROUND: Factors potentially causing chronic instability after ankle inversion sprains have rarely been examined during the injuring movement. PURPOSE: To compare control of ankle movement during quiet stance and after inversion perturbation in chronically unstable ankles (n = 16) with healthy controls (n = 26). METHODS: Movement control was measured as magnitude of lateral ankle oscillation, using 3SPACE Fastrak during single leg stance (baseline oscillation) in two foot positions, flat and demi-pointe. In both positions, time to resume baseline oscillation after inversion perturbation (perturbation time) of 15 degrees for the flat foot and 7.5 degrees on demi-pointe was also determined. RESULTS: Baseline oscillation on demi-pointe was significantly smaller (P < 0.005) for the sprained group (2.5 +/- 0.5 mm) than for controls (4.0 +/- 2.3 mm). Perturbation time for the flat foot was significantly longer (P < 0.05) for the sprained group (2.2 +/- 0.4 seconds) than for controls (1.8 +/- 0.5 seconds). However, failure rate was higher (P < 0.05) among the sprained group than controls for perturbation with the foot flat and baseline oscillation on demi-pointe. CONCLUSIONS: Findings demonstrated altered sensorimotor control in chronically unstable ankles. Those sprainers who successfully completed the tasks minimized oscillation. The impairments in the sprained group may reflect deficits in either movement detection, peroneal muscle response, or both.