电声门图测试对声带占位性病变的筛查价值

目的 探讨电声门图(electroglottography，EGG)测试在声带占位性病变中的筛查价值。方法 对134例声门型喉癌、167例声带良性病变(包括113例声带息肉、17例声带囊肿和37例声带白斑)及62名健康志愿者进行EGG测试，进行组间和组内比较，分析EGG测试的敏感性和特异性。结果 声带良性病变和喉癌组EGG波形和参数多数异常，与健康组之间有显著性差异，且良恶性病变组间亦有差异。但良性病变组内即息肉、囊肿和白斑之间，以及喉癌组内不同T分期之间EGG波形和参数差异多数无统计学意义。结论 电声门图测试在声带占位性病变的筛查中具有较高的敏感性，对区分良恶性病变亦有一定的特异性，但对病变类型和期别的划分无价值。     

兔蜗神经直接动作电位的特征

目的　探讨新西兰大白兔蜗神经直接动作电位 (directcochlearnerveactionpotential,DCNAP)的记录方法和特征 ,建立术中听觉监护动物模型。方法　纯种新西兰大白兔 6只 (12耳 ) ,乙状窦后进路暴露小脑、脑干及双侧桥脑小脑角区 ,插入针状电极于蜗神经 ,记录DCNAP ,并按常规方法记录听性脑干反应 (auditorybrainstemresponse ,ABR)。结果　用本方法记录的DCNAP具有振幅大、波形稳定、重复性好、记录时间短的特点 ,但个体差异较大。结论　在蜗神经桥脑小脑角区用针状电极可以可靠记录到DCNAP ,是术中听觉监护的可行方法     

Resection of suprasellar tumors by using a modified transsphenoidal approach. Report of four cases

Generally accepted contraindications to using a transsphenoidal approach for resection of tumors that arise in or extend into the suprasellar region include a normal-sized sella turcica, normal pituitary function, and adherence of tumor to vital intracranial structures. Thus, the transsphenoidal approach has traditionally been restricted to the removal of tumors involving the pituitary fossa and, occasionally, to suprasellar extensions of such tumors if the sella is enlarged. However, conventional transcranial approaches to the suprasellar region require significant brain retraction and offer limited visualization of contralateral tumor extension and the interface between the tumor and adjacent structures, such as the hypothalamus, third ventricle, optic apparatus, and major arteries. In this paper the authors describe successful removal of suprasellar tumors by using a modified transsphenoidal approach that circumvents some of the traditional contraindications to transsphenoidal surgery, while avoiding some of the disadvantages of transcranial surgery. Four patients harbored tumors (two craniopharyngiomas and two hemangioblastomas) that arose in the suprasellar region and were located either entirely (three patients) or primarily (one patient) within the suprasellar space. All patients had a normal-sized sella turcica. Preoperatively, three of the four patients had significant endocrinological deficits signifying involvement of the hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, or pituitary gland. Two patients exhibited preoperative visual field defects. For tumor excision, a recently described modification of the traditional transsphenoidal approach was used. Using this modification, one removes the posterior portion of the planum sphenoidale, allowing access to the suprasellar region. Total resection of tumor was achieved (including absence of residual tumor on follow-up imaging) in three of the four patients. In the remaining patient, total removal was not possible because of adherence of tumor to the hypothalamus and midbrain. One postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred. Postoperative endocrinological function was worse than preoperative function in one patient. No other new postoperative endocrinological or neurological deficits were encountered. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a modified transsphenoidal approach for resection of certain suprasellar, nonpituitary tumors.     

Blunt hepatic injury: minimal intervention is the policy of treatment

BACKGROUND: Many publications recommend nonoperative treatment for stable blunt hepatic injury patients. Unstable hemodynamic status is the only indication for surgery. When operation is indicated, controversies exist regarding which operative procedure will be more beneficial to the patients. The purposes of this study are to compare the results of operative and nonoperative management of patients with blunt hepatic injuries and to identify the optimal surgical approach when surgery is indicated. METHODS: Different prospective protocols of treating adult blunt hepatic injuries were conducted. From 1992 to 1993 (group I), urgent surgery would be performed in the presence of hemoperitoneum. The policy shifted to aggressive nonoperative approach between 1996 and 1997 (group II). The patients from each period were divided into three subgroups. Group A included the patients who received nonoperative treatment in either period. Group B consisted of the patients who received surgery in the first period and nonoperative management in the second period. Group C included the patients who were operated on in either group. Comparisons were made between matched groups. RESULTS: Groups IA and IIA patients had minor injuries and could be successfully treated nonoperatively. The results of groups IB and IIB were similar concerning hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Transfusion requirements of group IIB patients were significantly higher (2.2 vs. 1.1 units,p = 0.01) than those of group IB. However, 25 (58%) celiotomies of group IB patients were nontherapeutic. When surgery was indicated, group IC patients had significantly higher liver-related mortality (14 of 49 vs. 3 of 55, p = 0.002). Anatomic resection was performed more frequently in that period. CONCLUSION: Nonoperative treatment significantly decreased the rate of nontherapeutic laparotomy but carried the risks of higher transfusion requirements and delaying operation. When surgery was indicated, the policy of minimal intervention positively affected the patients' outcomes. The goal of surgery should be hemorrhage control rather than resection of the injured liver tissues.     

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma of bone: indications and technique of surgical intervention

PURPOSE: We describe the efficacy of surgical excision of metastatic renal cell carcinoma of bone for achieving local tumor control, pain control and functional outcome with emphasis on the indications and techniques of surgical intervention as well as oncological outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1980 and 1997 we performed surgery on 45 patients (56 lesions) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma of bone. Indications for surgery were solitary bone metastasis, intractable pain, or impending or present pathological fracture. Surgery involved wide excision in 29 cases, marginal excision with adjunctive liquid nitrogen in 25 and amputation in 2. RESULTS: None of the patients had significant bleeding intraoperatively. Mean hospital stay was 9.8 days, during which there was no flap necrosis, deep wound infection, nerve palsy or thromboembolic complication. Postoperatively pain was significantly relieved in 91% of patients, while 89% achieved a good to excellent functional outcome, and 94% with metastatic lesions of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities were ambulatory. Local recurrence developed in only 4 of the 56 lesions (7.1%), including 3 after marginal resection. Survival was more than 2 years in 22 patients (49%) and more than 3 in 17 (38%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical excision is safe and reliable for restoring mechanical bone stability, relieving pain and providing good function in most patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who meet the criteria for surgical intervention. Relatively prolonged survival in these cases justifies considering surgical intervention when feasible.     

自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗复发性翼状胬肉

目的　探讨自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗复发性翼状胬肉的临床效果。方法　将 84例 (84只眼 )复发性翼状胬肉患者随机分为治疗组 (4 6例 )和对照组 (38例 )。治疗组采用自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植治疗 ,对照组行单纯羊膜移植 ,术后随访 3个月至 2年。结果　角膜上皮均于 1周内完全愈合。治疗组 4 6例中 3例复发 ,复发率为 6 .5 % ;对照组 38例中 9例复发 ,复发率为 2 3.7%。两组相比具有显著性差异 (χ2 =5 .0 0 6 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　自体角膜缘干细胞联合羊膜移植抑制了结膜下纤维组织增生 ,重建角膜缘部屏障功能 ,能有效治疗复发性翼状胬肉。     

非凝固手术联合氪多波长激光治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨将巩膜扣带术中冷凝改为术后氪多波长激光光凝封闭裂孔治疗视网膜脱离的疗效、适应证范围及临床意义。方法：回顾性分析2001／2003在我院行非凝固巩膜扣带手术联合术后氪多波长激光封闭裂孔治疗孔源性视网膜脱离36例(36眼)，观察其疗效并对结果进行评价。结果：术后随访3-24mo，视网膜完全复位的32例，术后0．5a后矫正视力≥0．132例，最佳矫正视力为1．5。结论：非凝固巩膜扣带术联合氪多波长激光治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离，简化了手术操作，无凝固手术相关的并发症，术后采用氪多波长激光封闭裂孔，可以根据裂孔的部位及届光介质混浊的程度选用不同波长的激光进行封孔，是治疗单纯孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法之一。     

经平坦部玻璃体切除联合滤过手术治疗无晶状体或人工晶状体眼的青光眼

目的探讨经平坦部玻璃体切除联合滤过手术治疗无晶状体或人工晶状体眼的青光眼的方法和疗效。方法对18例(18眼)无晶状体或人工晶状体眼的青光眼,进行上述手术治疗,术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡形态、手术并发症等,随访6～12(平均7.3)mo。结果18眼中16眼(89%)术后视力维持不变或提高;最近一次随访,眼压在6～21mmHg者为14眼(78%),<6mmHg者1眼,>21mmHg者3眼。18眼中13眼(72%)形成滤过泡,5眼(28%)无明显滤过泡。术后前房少量积血2例,均在术后1wk内吸收,术后长期低眼压1例,此外无其它并发症发生。结论玻璃体切除联合滤过手术是治疗无晶状体或人工晶状体眼继发性青光眼的一种比较安全有效的方法,尤其适用于玻璃体脱入到前房的病例。