Über die in den Jahren 1929–1934 in der Erlanger Klinik beobachteten otogenen Hirnabszesse

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zoster und Leukämie

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 6 Textabbildungen.     

HLA-DPβ and susceptibility to multiple sclerosis: An analysis of caucasoid and Japanese patient populations

Nonradioactive sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes specific for the HLA-DPβ locus have been used in a simple dot-blot assay to DPβ-type samples amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from Caucasoid (n = 24) and Japanese (n = 23) patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) as well as ethnically matched controls. In contrast to previous reports, no DPβ allele was found to be increased in either patient population. However, the results do show a dramatic difference in the allele frequencies between the two control populations, further emphasizing the need for ethnically matched controls in studies of HLA and disease.     

Heterozygosity for a defective gene for CC chemokine receptor 5 is not the sole determinant for the immunologic and virologic phenotype of HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors.

HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors are a heterogeneous group of individuals with regard to immunologic and virologic markers of HIV-1 disease. CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has recently been identified as an important coreceptor for HIV-1 entry into CD4+ T cells. A mutant allele of CCR5 confers a high degree of resistance to HIV-1 infection in homozygous individuals and partial protection against HIV disease progression in heterozygotes. The frequency of CCR5 heterozygotes is increased among HIV-1- infected long-term nonprogressors compared with progressors; however, the host defense mechanisms responsible for nonprogression in CCR5 heterozygotes are unknown. We hypothesized that nonprogressors who were heterozygous for the mutant CCR5 gene might define a subgroup of nonprogressors with higher CD4+ T cell counts and lower viral load compared with CCR5 wild-type nonprogressors. However, in a cohort of 33 HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors, those who were heterozygous for the mutant CCR5 gene were indistinguishable from CCR5 wild-type nonprogressors with regard to all measured immunologic and virologic parameters. Although epidemiologic data support a role for the mutant CCR5 allele in the determination of the state of long-term nonprogression in some HIV-1- infected individuals, it is not the only determinant. Furthermore, long-term nonprogressors with the wild-type CCR5 genotype are indistinguishable from heterozygotes from an immunologic and virologic standpoint.     

Interim results at 48 weeks of LAP-BAND AP experience (APEX) study: prospective,multicenter, open-label longitudinal patient observational study

BackgroundThe development of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding marked a breakthrough in minimally invasive bariatric surgery. The unique features of gastric banding, including device adjustability, lack of malabsorption, and easy reversibility, have contributed to its widespread use. Since Food and Drug Administration approval of the first laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, the device design has undergone engineering improvements. The LAP-BAND AP (LBAP) system received Food and Drug Administration approval in 2006. Little is known about the safety and efficacy of this new system. Our objective was to prospectively assess the efficacy and safety of the LBAP system in real-world clinical settings at 50 clinical centers throughout the United States.MethodsIn an open-label 5-year evaluation, 508 severely or morbidly obese patients from 50 centers in the United States underwent surgery using the LBAP system. The present interim report describes the results from 323 patients after ≥48 weeks of follow-up.ResultsBy week 48, the patients had experienced a mean percentage of excess weight loss of 46% and a mean ± standard deviation reduction in the body mass index of 8.4 ± 3.69 kg/m². Sixteen patients (3.1%) experienced a severe device- or procedure-related adverse event. There were no deaths.ConclusionThese 48-week interim data demonstrate that the LBAP system offers a safe and effective therapy to reduce weight in severely obese patients.