Buchbesprechungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Krankheiten als Folge der Selbstverkennung und Selbstzersetzung von Geweben

Ohne ZusammenfassungVortrag gehalten vor der 105. Versammlung der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, Heidelberg, Oktober 1968.     

Monkeypox virus detection in rodents using real-time 3'-minor groove binder TaqMan assays on the Roche LightCycler

During the summer of 2003, an outbreak of human monkeypox occurred in the Midwest region of the United States. In all, 52 rodents suspected of being infected with monkeypox virus were collected from an exotic pet dealer and from private homes. The rodents were euthanized and submitted for testing to the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases by the Galesburg Animal Disease Laboratory, Illinois Department of Agriculture. The rodent tissue samples were appropriately processed and then tested by using an integrated approach involving real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, an antigen-detection immunoassay, and virus culture. We designed and extensively tested two specific real-time PCR assays for rapidly detecting monkeypox virus DNA using the Vaccinia virus F3L and N3R genes as targets. The assays were validated against panels of orthopox viral and miscellaneous bacterial DNAs. A pan-orthopox electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay was used to further confirm the presence of Orthopoxvirus infection of the rodents. Seven of 12 (58%) animals (seven of 52 (15%) of all animals) tested positive in both monkeypox-specific PCR assays and two additional pan-orthopox PCR assays (in at least one tissue). The ECL results showed varying degrees of agreement with PCR. One hamster and three gerbils were positive by both PCR and ECL for all tissues tested. In addition, we attempted to verify the presence of monkeypox virus by culture on multiple cell lines, by immunohistology, and by electron microscopy, with negative results. Sequencing the PCR products from the samples indicated 100% identity with monkeypox virus strain Zaire-96-I-16 (a human isolate from the Congo). These real-time PCR and ECL assays represent a significant addition to the battery of tests for the detection of various orthopoxviruses. In light of the recent monkeypox virus transmissions, early detection of the virus is crucial for both natural outbreaks and potential acts of bioterrorism.     

Präkanzerosen des Urothels

Zusammenfassung In der Fluoreszenzdiagnostik [Lichtanregung nach Gabe des physiologischen Hämmetaboliten 5-Aminolävulinsäure (ALA)] erscheinen Präneoplasien und Neoplasien rot fluoreszierend, was wahrscheinlich auf eine tumorzellselektive Anreicherung des intrazellulär aus ALA gebildeten Metaboliten Protoporphyrin IX zurückzuführen ist. Die mit dieser Methode mögliche frühe Detektion von Tumoren und Präneoplasien erlaubt deren genetische Analyse und damit Vergleiche von Aussagen der Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung und Loss-of-heterozygosity-Analyse hinsichtlich Deletionsnachweis und Gensequenzierung. Neue Daten zu Deletionen und Chromosomenaberrationen sowie eine etwa 30%ige Oligoklonalität von Tumoren werden dargestellt. Die tumorselektive Fluoreszenz scheint biochemisch durch Unterschiede im Hämmetabolismus bedingt zu sein. Durch Gen- und Proteinexpressionsanalysen können evtl. weitere, mit dem Hämmetabolismus assoziierte, tumorspezifische Moleküle identifiziert werden.Die geschilderten Arbeiten erfolgten im Rahmen von Unterstützungen durch die Deutsche Krebshilfe 10-1096-Ha und 70.2200-Ba sowie Industriekooperationen von Medac GmbH und metaGen Pharmaceuticals.     

Buchbesprechungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Histopathologic analysis of atypical lesions in image-guided core breast biopsies.

Appropriate follow-up of patients with needle core breast biopsies (NCBB) showing atypical hyperplasia remains unclear because previous studies show that subsequent open biopsies in variable proportions of these patients reveal ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or even invasive carcinoma, indicating significant sampling artifact. NCBB with diagnoses of atypia were morphologically classified into groups as follows: I, ALH (n = 24); II, ADH with minimal cytologic atypism (n = 90); III, atypia, other (9 columnar, 2 apocrine, 11 atypical papillary); IV, severe ADH/borderline DCIS (n = 31). Mammographic and histologic features, including the number of foci of atypia in the NCBB and the calcification span, were then correlated with presence of DCIS or invasive tumor in subsequent open excisions. Open excisional biopsies showed more severe lesions in 12% of Group I-III cases (8% in Group I, 9% in Group II, and 27% in Group III), of which 15 were DCIS and one was an invasive tubular carcinoma (0.3 cm). Of the DCIS, 60% (n = 9) were < or =5 mm, and 13 of 15 (87%) were low grade. The NCBB cavity was immediately adjacent to the more severe lesions in 88% (n = 14) of cases, in keeping with sampling error. The subset showing severe ADH with borderline nuclear features in contrast was associated with a high likelihood (63%) of DCIS in follow-up excisions. NCBB with atypical papillary features also showed a high frequency of DCIS (4/11, 36%) in subsequent open excisions. Other factors associated with more severe lesions on open biopsy included the number of atypical foci in the NCBB (>4, P <.05) and the mammographic calcification span (>2.0 cm, P <.0001). Atypical lesions diagnosed in NCBB samples are radiographically and morphologically heterogeneous, accounting for the variable frequency of DCIS or invasive neoplasm identified in subsequent open excisions, which are usually focal, low grade, and a consequence of sampling artifact (i.e., adjacent to the NCBB cavity). DCIS is more likely if microcalcifications are mammographically extensive or if atypia is multifocal or is associated with borderline cytologic features.