Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered sodium dichloroacetate in rabbits

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原发性十二指肠肿瘤43例诊治分析

目的　探讨原发性十二指肠肿瘤 (PTD)的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾性分析我院 1995 2 0 0 3年间 4 3例PTD的临床资料。结果　十二指肠镜确诊率为 85 .7% ,B超检查的阳性率为 5 5 .6 % ,CT检查阳性率为 80 % ,肿瘤位于十二指肠降段 (乳头部或其对侧 ) 35例 ,占 81.4 % ,2例平滑肌瘤切除术后存活 5年以上 ,1例乳头部腺瘤行肿瘤局部切除术后半年出现黄疸 ,病因不详。 4例间质瘤均健在且生存 16 2 1个月 ,36例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中胰头十二指肠切除 18例 ,节段切除 1例 ,手术切除率为 5 1.2 %。结论　B超、CT、纤维十二指肠镜检查是诊断PTD的主要手段。手术切除是最基本有效的治疗方法。对于良性肿瘤可行局部肿瘤切除、十二指肠节段切除或经内镜切除。对于恶性肿瘤 ,胰十二指肠切除术是首选术式。     

局部热敷对静脉输液的作用及对比分析

静脉输液是临床治疗最常见的基础技术操作，穿刺的成功与疼痛的轻重是病人和护士关注的焦点，在寒冷的季节，由于末端血管收缩，为静脉输液带来一定的难度，本研究根据热疗的原理，用于静脉输液中，取得了很好的疗效，现报告如下；     

药物不良反应国内文献题录检索系统

本文报道了药物不良反应国内文献题录检索系统的设计原理、功能特点,以输入药名及不良反应类别为例,显示了检索系统操作简便,提供信息及时准确的特点。本系统可从药名、不良反应类别及作者等多方面进行检索,可为查询者提供所需的详细资料,弥补了人工查阅文献的不足。并将继续扩大文献资料库,由题录向电报文体文摘形式转化,以贮存更多的信息。     

阴股沟皮瓣显微解剖学特征及其在组织修复功能重建中的应用

目的：明确阴股沟皮瓣的显微解剖基础，为临床应用此皮瓣提供解剖依据。资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline1991-01／2005-01的相关文章，检索词“pudendal-thigh flap，micranatomy”，并限定文章语言种类为English。并且手工检索《中文科技资料目录一医药卫生）1998-01／2005-01的相关文章，检索途径：分类途径。 资料选择：对资料进行初审，并查看每篇文献后的引文。纳入标准：①随机对照的基础及临床试验。②无论是否为单盲，双盲或非盲法。排除标准：重复性研究或综述性文章。 资料提炼：共检索到42篇相关文章，21篇文献符合纳入标准，排除的21篇文献为内容陈旧或重复。 资料综合：阴股沟区动脉血液供应充足，并且位置均比较恒定，尤以阴部外动脉最为恒定。静脉回流丰富，神经支配可靠。阴股沟皮瓣是位于股内侧上方与会阴部之间的无毛区域，上界平耻骨联合上缘水平，下界为两侧坐骨结节连线，内侧界为阴囊或大阴唇外侧缘，外侧界为股内侧皱襞，自阴囊（唇）外侧缘向大腿内上方延伸约5cm包括的范围。该区动脉血液供应丰富，计有阴部外动脉，闭孔动脉前皮支，阴囊（唇）后动脉的外侧支，旋股内侧动脉的皮支，股内侧的主要动脉支，以及来自阴部内动脉的肛动脉（直肠下动脉）等，并且位置均比较恒定，其中尤其以阴部外动脉最为恒定。在阴股沟区，阴囊（唇）后动脉与旋股内动脉、闭孔动脉前支及阴部外动脉的分支存在广泛的吻合并在内收肌内侧以上的深筋膜层形成血管网。进入阴股沟区的多支血管相互吻合成网。阴股沟区静脉回流丰富，神经支配可靠。 结论：阴股沟皮瓣血运丰富，解剖简便易行，切取方便，供区隐蔽，再造性器官外形及恢复神经感觉均取得较为理想的效果，是一种值得推广的方法。     

Changes in the human vocal tract due to aging and the acoustic correlates of speech production: a pilot study.

This investigation used a derivation of acoustic reflection (AR) technology to make cross-sectional measurements of changes due to aging in the oral and pharyngeal lumina of male and female speakers. The purpose of the study was to establish preliminary normative data for such changes and to obtain acoustic measurements of changes due to aging in the formant frequencies of selected spoken vowels and their long-term average spectra (LTAS) analysis. Thirty-eight young men and women and 38 elderly men and women were involved in the study. The oral and pharyngeal lumina of the participants were measured with AR technology, and their formant frequencies were analyzed using the Kay Elemetrics Computerized Speech Lab. The findings have delineated specific and similar patterns of aging changes in human vocal tract configurations in speakers of both genders. Namely, the oral cavity length and volume of elderly speakers increased significantly compared to their young cohorts. The total vocal tract volume of elderly speakers also showed a significant increment, whereas the total vocal tract length of elderly speakers did not differ significantly from their young cohorts. Elderly speakers of both genders also showed similar patterns of acoustic changes of speech production, that is, consistent lowering of formant frequencies (especially F1) across selected vowel productions. Although new research models are still needed to succinctly account for the speech acoustic changes of the elderly, especially for their specific patterns of human vocal tract dimensional changes, this study has innovatively applied the noninvasive and cost-effective AR technology to monitor age-related human oral and pharyngeal lumina changes that have direct consequences for speech production.     

Stimulation of inositol phosphate formation in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium.

Several hormones, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides were screened for the ability to stimulate inositol phosphate formation in cultured human retinal epithelial (RPE) cells. Carbachol, vasopressin and thrombin were found to be effective. Treatment of RPE cells with all three agents produced increases in inositol monophosphate, inositol bisphosphate and inositol trisphosphate in the presence of 10 mM LiCl. Carbachol stimulated a 4-fold increase in the total of inositol phosphates at 1 mM. Studies with cholinergic antagonists showed a rank order of 4 DAMP greater than QNX greater than pirenzepine greater than methoctramine, suggesting the presence of M3 muscarinic receptors. Vasopressin gave a 2.5-fold stimulation at 10 microM. Agonists of vasopressin were also tested and gave differential responses. Studies using a V1 agonist (PIOVP) and a V2 agonist (DAVP) showed DAVP matching the level of stimulation elicited by vasopressin whereas treatment with PIOVP only reached 50% of the vasopressin response. These data suggested the presence of V2 receptors in the RPE cells. Several proteases were tested for their ability to stimulate RPE inositol phosphates. Thrombin caused a 7-fold increase in inositol phosphate formation at 1 U/ml, whereas trypsin and plasmin elicited smaller responses (approximately 2-fold). The thrombin effect was blocked by the thrombin-specific inhibitor, hirudin, but not by other protease inhibitors. Several mediators of inflammation such as bradykinin, histamine and serotonin were also tested, and they were ineffective in stimulating inositol phosphate turnover in the RPE cells.