Fibronectin concentrations in lung lavage fluid after inhalation exposure to low levels of metals

Groups of rabbits were exposed by inhalation to chlorides of cobalt, nickel, and manganese as well as to tri- and hexavalent chromium at metal concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 3.9 mg/m3 for 1-4 months (5 days/week, 6 hr/day). Fibronectin content and lysozyme (muramidase) activity in lavage fluid were measured after all treatments and in alveolar macrophages after treatment with nickel chloride. In the lavage fluid no marked changes were seen in fibronectin content and lysozyme activity after exposure to tri- or hexavalent chromium or manganese. Nickel exposure significantly decreased the lysozyme activity in the lavage fluid and in the macrophages whereas the fibronectin content was unchanged in the lavage fluid and significantly increased in the macrophages. Both fibronectin content and lysozyme activity were increased markedly in the lavage fluid after cobalt exposure.     

Rapid Selection of Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter Gene and Multidrug Resistance Gene-1 Haplotypes Associated with Past Chloroquine and Present Artemether-Lumefantrine Use in Inhambane District,Southern Mozambique

Chloroquine (CQ) use in Mozambique was stopped in 2002 and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) was implemented in 2008. In light of no use of CQ and extensive use of AL, we determined the frequency of molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance/tolerance to CQ and AL in persons living in Linga-Linga, an isolated peninsula and in Furvela village, which is located 8 km inland. The P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene CVMNK wild type increased in frequency from 43.9% in 2009 to 66.4% in 2010 (P ≤ 0.001), and combined P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene 1 N86-184F-D1246 haplotype increased significantly between years (P = 0.039). The combination of P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene CVMNK and P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene NFD increased from 24.3% (2009) to 45.3% in (2010, P = 0.017). The rapid changes observed may largely be caused by decreased use of CQ and large-scale use of AL. In the absence of a clear AL-resistance marker and the (almost) continent-wide use of AL in sub-Saharan Africa, and when considering CQ reintroduction, continued monitoring of these markers is needed.     

左旋氧氟沙星对小鼠结核分枝杆菌生长及细胞免疫的影响

目的探讨左旋氧氟沙星对小鼠结核分枝杆菌生长、特异性细胞免疫和病理改变的影响,探讨左旋氧氟沙星联合其他免疫治疗的可行性。方法 38只C57BL/6小鼠尾静脉注射H37Rv结核菌(1×106CFU/只),然后随机等分为两组,一组不作处理(对照组),另一组进行左旋氧氟沙星灌胃治疗(药物组),300mg/kg,每周灌5d,疗程28d。在治疗开始后不同时间点处死小鼠,计数肺组织结核分枝杆菌菌量、观察肺组织病理变化,测定脾细胞特异性细胞因子的产生情况。结果左旋氧氟沙星能有效抑制小鼠肺组织结核分枝杆菌的生长,与对照组比较,药物组小鼠服药期间细菌量减少100倍,停药后30d仍减少10倍,差别有统计学意义(P0.05)。同时药物治疗能减轻肺组织病理变化的程度。药物组小鼠脾细胞分泌卡介苗(BCG)特异性细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-10和IL-17水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论左旋氧氟沙星能有效抑制小鼠结核分枝杆菌的生长,同时能改善肺组织的病理变化和促进小鼠脾细胞分泌特异性细胞因子。     

Oddi＇s括约肌切开成形术43例疗效分析

目的 探讨Oddi＇s括约肌切开成形术的疗效.方法 回顾分析43例括约肌切开成形术的临床资料.其中胆囊切除术后括约肌狭窄11例,胆管壶腹部结石嵌顿3例,胆总管切开取石伴胆管末端狭窄19例,复发性胆源性胰腺炎6例,内镜下括约肌切开术后4例;第1次手术24例,第2次手术19例.结果 腹部切口感染5例,短暂性胆漏2例,括约肌手术处渗血3例,37例（占86%）经5～15年随访,效果满意.结论 正确掌握手术适应证和操作方法,可取得良好效果.     

Urinary tract infection caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haemophilus influenzae</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haemophilus parainfluenzae</Emphasis> in children

There are few reports on urinary tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Haemophilus parainfluenzae in children. The true incidence is not known, since bacteria of Haemophilus species do not grow in standard urine culture media. With the objective of investigating the occurrence and character of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Haemophilus bacteria in children, we searched the files of our UTI clinic. Over a 24-year period 36 children with Haemophilus spp. bacteriuria were identified out of a total of more than 5,000 UTI episodes. There was a significant gender difference in that Haemophilus influenzae dominated in girls and Haemophilus parainfluenzae in boys. With one exception, all children had important urinary tract abnormalities, such as malformation, gross reflux or bladder dysfunction. Permanent renal damage was seen in 25. We conclude that growth of Haemophilus bacteria in urine is associated with serious urinary tract abnormalities. The inability of bacteria of the Haemophilus species to grow in standard media commonly used for culture of uropathogens suggests that the true frequency of these strains as a cause of urinary tract infections is underestimated.     

骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤及发病机制初探

目的：探讨骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤过程的微循环变化。组织学改变以及多肽含量变化和意义。方法：42只雄性大鼠随机分为留伴行神经组和去伴行神经组,建立标准骨骼肌缺血再灌注模型,采用激光多谱勒及显微放大分析系统,组织学方法以及凝胶电泳方法等观察缺血再灌注损伤变化。结果：缺血再灌注损伤后的骨骼肌微血管管径在20分钟时恢复率基本达到高峰约60％,此后为平台期：90分钟最高峰,为75％,主干血管流速率亦在20分钟基本达到上限,病理检查显示：缺血的骨骼肌纤维呈空泡状,核形态增大,染色加深,红细胞严重聚集,凝胶蛋白电泳提示：缺血骨骼肌中分子量20KD左右的多肽显著增加。结论：骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤发生后,骨骼肌的微循环发生不同程度的破坏,及因之导致骨骼结构损伤和异常的20KD多肽含量明显增加,以及红细胞凝聚,白细胞的改变,这些共同构成了缺血再灌注损伤机制。     

骨盆肿瘤血管造影特点及临床意义

目的　通过分析骨盆肿瘤血管造影表现及供血特点 ,指导动脉栓塞治疗和手术治疗 ,强调肿瘤血管“多支栓塞”的重要性。方法　对 12例骨盆肿瘤患者进行了局部动脉灌注化疗和碘油栓塞治疗 ,其中纤维肉瘤 1例 ,软骨肉瘤、骨肉瘤各 2例 ,转移瘤 7例 ,治疗前均行髂内动脉、髂外动脉和 /或腰动脉造影 ,治疗后造影复查血管闭塞及碘油沉积情况。术后观察临床效果。结果　 ( 1)血管造影表现特点 :a“多源多支”供血 :髂内动脉、髂外动脉及腰动脉均参与骨盆肿瘤供血 ;b“富血管性”表现 ;c肿瘤染色区域明显大于骨破坏区。 ( 2 )栓塞结果 :每例均进行了 2支以上供养血管栓塞 ,复查见供养血管完全闭塞 ,肿瘤染色明显减少 ,碘油沉积良好。 ( 3)临床效果 :临床效果显著 ,疼痛减轻 ,肿块缩小 ,无严重并发症发生。结论　骨盆肿瘤的供血特点对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。