The energy gaps of poly(p-arylenevinylene)s with phenylene, naphthylene and anthrylene subunits are determined by extrapolating the UV/VIS spectroscopic data of the oligomers. The band structure of the three polymers was theoretically investigated. The topology-, geometry- and correlation-factors were determined upon which the energy spectra of this class of one-dimensional π-electron systems depend. 相似文献
Background: Atelectasis, an important cause of impaired gas exchange during general anesthesia, may be eliminated by a vital capacity maneuver. However, it is not clear whether such a maneuver will have a sustained effect. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of gas composition on reappearance of atelectasis and impairment of gas exchange after a vital capacity maneuver.
Methods: A consecutive sample of 12 adults with healthy lungs who were scheduled for elective surgery were studied. Thirty minutes after induction of anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol, the lungs were hyperinflated manually up to an airway pressure of 40 cmH2 O. FI sub O2 was either kept at 0.4 (group 1, n = 6) or changed to 1.0 (group 2, n = 6) during the recruitment maneuver. Atelectasis was assessed by computed tomography. The amount of dense areas was measured at end-expiration in a transverse plane at the base of the lungs. The ventilation-perfusion distributions (V with dot A/Q with dot) were estimated with the multiple inert gas elimination technique. The static compliance of the total respiratory system (Crs) was measured with the flow interruption technique.
Results: In group 1 (FIO2 = 0.4), the recruitment maneuver virtually eliminated atelectasis for at least 40 min, reduced shunt (V with dot A/Q with dot < 0.005), and increased at the same time the relative perfusion to poorly ventilated lung units (0.005 < V with dot A/Q with dot < 0.1; mean values are given). The arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) increased from 137 mmHg (18.3 kPa) to 163 mmHg (21.7 kPa; before and 40 min after recruitment, respectively; P = 0.028). In contrast to these findings, atelectasis recurred within 5 min after recruitment in group 2 (FIO2 = 1.0). Comparing the values before and 40 min after recruitment, all parameters of V with dot A/Q with dot were unchanged. In both groups, Crs increased from 57.1/55.0 ml *symbol* cmH2 O sup -1 (group 1/group 2) before to 70.1/67.4 ml *symbol* cmH2 O sup -1 after the recruitment maneuver. Crs showed as low decrease thereafter (40 min after recruitment: 61.4/60.0 ml *symbol* cmH2 O sup -1), with no difference between the two groups. 相似文献
Based on the hypothesis that condensation products of neurotransmitters with aldehydes are involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholism, aromatic beta-carbolines (norharman and harman) were measured in the blood plasma of alcoholics and nonalcoholics. The identity of the extracted compounds was confirmed by various elution conditions of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), newly developed radioreceptor assays, and the mass spectrum of norharman. The levels of norharman and harman in nonalcoholics were unchanged after a load with ethanol (1 g/kg body weight). The norharman levels of the alcoholics were significantly higher than that of the nonalcoholic controls (99.5 +/- 26.6 pg/ml vs. 26.9 +/- 10.7 pg/ml; p less than 0.001) and did not change significantly during a 3-week detoxication period. In the subgroup of alcoholics with delirium or hallucinosis, a slight increase of norharman during detoxication could be detected while in alcoholics with vegetative withdrawal symptoms norharman levels dropped slightly over time (p = 0.07). No difference was found with respect to harman between nonalcoholics and alcoholics. These results suggest disturbed regulatory processes in the formation and/or metabolism of norharman in alcoholics. Further investigations are needed to reveal a possible marker function of norharman in alcoholic patients. 相似文献
The dermatologist's procedure was introduced in 1972 by employers' liability insurance funds in the industrial, agricultural and public sectors of Germany's statutory occupational accident insurance as a "procedure for early detection of occupational skin diseases". So far, it is still the most relevant tool for secondary prevention in occupational dermatology in Germany. According to the intention of this procedure, insured persons with a skin disease in which an occupational aetiology is suspected must be offered preventive measures and, if necessary, given appropriate treatment to avoid their losing their jobs. On the initiative of the Central Federation of Industrial Professional Associations (HVBG), a study group was set up in 1999 from among its membership in cooperation with the Working Committee of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (ABD) and the Professional Organisation of German Dermatologists (BVDD) to improve on the efficiency of the "classic" dermatologist's procedure. The proposed "optimised" dermatologist's procedure is based on the assumption that early detection followed by competent and intensified skin protection and skin care will be successful in retarding or stopping the progression of occupational dermatoses, while later treatment is likely to be less effective. In October 2002, a pilot study started in Northwest Germany to establish by scientific evaluation whether the implementation of secondary protective measures is definitively better when the provisional "optimised" dermatologist's procedure is followed. The study results should allow detailed suggestions for an improved dermatologist's procedure before it is introduced nationwide. 相似文献
The interactive use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques is increasing in operating theaters. A study was performed on 17 male company volunteers to assess the neurobehavioral effects of exposure to magnetic fields from a 1.5 Tesla MRI system. The subjects' neurobehavioral performances on a neurobehavioral test battery were compared in four 1-hr sessions with and without exposure to magnetic fields, and with and without additional movements. Adverse effects were found for hand coordination (-4%, P < 0.05; Pursuit Aiming II) and near visual contrast sensitivity (-16% and -15%, P < 0.10; Vistech 6000). The results from the remaining tests were inconclusive due to a strong learning effect. No additional effect from gradient fields was detected. The results indicate that working near a 1.5 Tesla MRI system may lead to neurobehavioral effects. Further research is recommended, especially in members of operating teams using interactive MRI systems. 相似文献
By means of positron emission tomography the uptake and kinetics of N-(methyl-11C)clozapine in different brain regions have been studied in Rhesus monkeys. 11C-clozapine rapidly entered the brain and maximum radioactive uptake was seen 5–12 min after administration. Highest uptake was measured in the striatum. Other regions with an uptake higher than in the cerebellum were thalamus and mesencephalon. The radioactivity from different brain regions decreased with an elimination half-life of about 5 h and parallelled the plasma kinetics of unlabelled clozapine. The striatum/cerebellum ratio of 11C-clozapine-derived radioactivity remained constant during the period studied and did not change after pretreatment with atropine. In contrast, the striatum/cerebellum ratio was somewhat lower after pretreatment with N-methylspiperone (NMSP), indicating competition for the same binding sites in the striatum. After pretreatment with increasing doses of clozapine, a dose-dependent protection of binding sites in the striatum for 11C-NMSP was seen. It is concluded that clozapine is more loosely bound to dopamine receptors in the striatum than N-methylspiperone and that the kinetics of clozapine in the brain parallel that in the plasma. The binding properties of clozapine within the brain may explain some of the clinical properties of the drug. 相似文献
There is a lack of reliable predictors of the response to alkylating agents in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
(NS). HLA-DR7 is strongly associated with the frequency of relapses in steroid-sensitive NS before cytostatic therapy. We
therefore examined retrospectively the time to the first relapse and the incidence of subsequent relapses in 54 HLA-typed
children with frequently relapsing NS, after treatment with cyclophosphamide (n = 49) or chlorambucil (n = 5) for 8 or 12 weeks; 38 patients were HLA-DR7 positive and 16 negative with 80% in both groups being steroid dependent.
HLA typing was performed using serological or DNA typing methods. Renal biopsy showed minimal glomerular changes. A lower
proportion of HLA-DR7 positive than negative patients remained in remission after 3 years (36% vs. 81%, P<0.02) and 5 years (36% vs. 72%, P<0.03). In the first 3 years after cytostatic therapy the mean number of prednisone-treated relapses was 1.3/patient per year
in HLA-DR7-positive patients compared with 0.4 in negative patients (P<0.025). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of relapse-free patients with and without steroid
dependency. The HLA status predicts the response of NS patients to alkylating agents better than the rate of previous relapses.
Received September 19, 1995; received in revised form and accepted April 16, 1996 相似文献